DESIGN OF A 3X6 MW COAL FIRED POWER PLANT WITH 5 MW DIESEL

PLANT BACKUP FOR BRGY. CUAMBOGAN, TAGUM CITY

A POWER PLANT DESIGN REPORT PRESENTED TO

ENGR. REYNALDO P. CANIZARES, PME

Professor

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS IN

SUBJECT ME 523A POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHEASTERN PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY:

KENNETH DWIGHT P. BOJA

Student

May 2019
 Table of Contents
DEMAND LOAD ................................................................................................... 1
Total power load:............................................................................................. 3
UNIT SIZING ........................................................................................................ 3
Load Curve ...................................................................................................... 3
Plant Schedule of Unit Operation: ................................................................. 4
Variable load of Brgy. Cuambogan, Tagum City .......................................... 4
TECHNICAL COMPUTATIONS ........................................................................... 6
Boiler and Steam Turbine ............................................................................... 6
BOILER............................................................................................................. 8
Coal Storage: ................................................................................................... 8
Boiler Machine Foundation: ......................................................................... 10
Steam Turbine Machine Foundation: .......................................................... 10
Chimney Machine Foundation: .................................................................... 11
DIESEL GENERATOR ................................................................................... 12
Diesel Generator Machine Foundation:....................................................... 12
Pipe Sizing: .................................................................................................... 13
MECHANICAL PLANS ...................................................................................... 14

ii
 DEMAND LOAD

Location: Brgy. La Filipina, Tagum City

a. Residential

Population Census based on PSA 2015 Report:

Brgy. Cuambogan has a population of 15,390 residents. Assume

average number of people per household is 4 people. Therefore,
number of household is 3848.

Solution for total Power consumption per day (P)

P = 50A x 220V x 3848x 0.25

P = 10582000 watts or 10,582.00 Kw

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 b. Commercial

Approximate power load consumption base of power bill/ electricity bill

of commercial establishments.

Commercial Establishments in Brgy. Cuambogan are as follows:

1. Cuambogan National High school, 60 rooms
2. Cuambogan Elementary School, 60 rooms
3. Caltex
4. Churches

For Caltex:

P = 100A x 220V x 0.25

P = 5500 watts or 5.5 Kw

For Schools:

P = 60 Amps x 120 rooms x 220V x 0.25

P = 396000 watts or 396 Kw

For 4 Churches:

P = 100A x 220V x .25 x 4

P = 13200 watts or 13.2 Kw

Pt = 414.7 Kw

c. Industrial Load
Industrial Power Plants in Brgy. La Filipina and Brgy. Cuambogan are
as follows:
1. Sumifru Packing Plant (P4)
2. Son-shine Fruit Processing
3. Tagum PPMC Wood Veneer
4. Rice Mill (x2)

For Sumifru Packing Plant P4:

P = 1500KVa x 0.8

P =1200 Kw

For Son-Shine:

P = 3000 KVa x 0.8

P =2400 Kw

For Tagum PPMC Wood Veneer:

P = 2000 KVa x 0.8

P = 1600 Kw

Pt= 5200 KW

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Total power load:
Type of Establishments Power Consumption (Kw)
1. Residential 10,582.
2. Commercial 414.7
3. Industrial 5200
Total 16,196.7 Kw

UNIT SIZING
Load Curve
Daily Load Curve in data (Table 1)

Time Live Load Generated Power

in Kw in Kw
12:00 AM 4800 6000
1:00 AM 5100 6000
2:00 AM 4800 6000
3:00 AM 5160 6000
4:00 AM 5400 6000
5:00 AM 6600 12000
6:00 AM 7800 12000
7:00 AM 8400 12000
8:00 AM 8400 12000
9:00 AM 9000 12000
10:00 AM 9600 12000
11:00 AM 10200 12000
12:00 PM 10800 12000
1:00 PM 12600 18000
2:00 PM 13200 18000
3:00 PM 13800 18000
4:00 PM 14400 18000
5:00 PM 14700 18000
6:00 PM 15300 18000
7:00 PM 13800 18000
8:00 PM 10800 12000
9:00 PM 8400 12000
10:00 PM 6000 12000
11:00 PM 5400 6000
12:00 AM 4800 6000

Units:

Description / Type Power Generation in Quantity

Kw
1. Coal Fired Steam 6000 3
Turbine Generator Unit
Diesel Engine (Backup) 5000 1

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Plant Schedule of Unit Operation:

Unit 1 – 10MW Coal Fired Steam Unit

Unit 2 - 10MW Coal Fired Steam Unit

Unit 3 – 10MW Coal Fired Steam Unit

Unit 4 – 5MW Diesel Generator

Unit Operation Schedule (Table 2)

Note: Check Marks indicates that unit is running

Time: Units Total KW Produced

Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4
(10MW) (10MW) (10 MW)
12:00 AM ✓ Back-up 6000
1:00 AM ✓ Back-up 6000
2:00 AM ✓ Back-up 6000
3:00 AM ✓ Back-up 6000
4:00 AM ✓ Back-up 6000
5:00 AM ✓ ✓ Back-up 12000
6:00 AM ✓ ✓ Back-up 12000
7:00 AM ✓ ✓ Back-up 12000
8:00 AM ✓ ✓ Back-up 12000
9:00 AM ✓ ✓ Back-up 12000
10:00 AM ✓ ✓ Back-up 12000
11:00 AM ✓ ✓ Back-up 12000
12:00 PM ✓ ✓ Back-up 12000
1:00 PM ✓ ✓ ✓ Back-up 18000
2:00 PM ✓ ✓ ✓ Back-up 18000
3:00 PM ✓ ✓ ✓ Back-up 18000
4:00 PM ✓ ✓ ✓ Back-up 18000
5:00 PM ✓ ✓ ✓ Back-up 18000
6:00 PM ✓ ✓ ✓ Back-up 18000
7:00 PM ✓ ✓ ✓ Back-up 18000
8:00 PM ✓ ✓ Back-up 12000
9:00 PM ✓ ✓ Back-up 12000
10:00 PM ✓ ✓ Back-up 12000
11:00 PM ✓ Back-up 6000
12:00 AM ✓ Back-up 6000

Variable load of Brgy. Cuambogan, Tagum City

Graph 1. The Graph shows the relationship between Power Consumption,

Proposed Power Plant Generation with respect to the different time of the day.

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 Load Curve
Demand

18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0

1:00 PM
2:00 PM
3:00 PM
4:00 PM
5:00 PM
6:00 PM
7:00 PM
8:00 PM
9:00 PM
12:00 PM

10:00 PM
11:00 PM
12:00 AM
1:00 AM
2:00 AM
3:00 AM
4:00 AM
5:00 AM
6:00 AM
7:00 AM
8:00 AM
9:00 AM
10:00 AM
11:00 AM

12:00 AM
𝐾𝑤 − 𝐻𝑟 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 =
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

224460 𝑘𝑤 − ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = = 𝟗𝟑𝟓𝟐. 𝟓 𝒌𝒘
24 ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
9352.5 𝑘𝑤
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟏
15300 𝑘𝑤
224460 𝑘𝑤 − ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟐
24(3000)ℎ𝑟𝑠

Unit Specifications:

1. 10 MW Coal Fired Steam Unit

Steam Turbine – Generator Set

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Unit Brand: Siemens Steam Turbine Generator SST-200

Power Range: up to 10,000 KW

Type: Horizontal, Single Casing, Geared/Direct Drive.

Steam Inlet Range: up to 11MPa

Steam Inlet Temperature Range: Saturated temp to 520°C

Exhaust Pressure: 0.025MPa

Dimensions (L x W x H): 4m x 2m x 2.5m

Turbine Efficiency: 90%

Generator Efficiency: 93%

TECHNICAL COMPUTATIONS
Boiler and Steam Turbine

Given Unit Generator Output: 6000 Kw

𝑃𝑔𝑒𝑛
𝑁𝑔 =
𝑃𝑡
6000 𝑘𝑤
0.93 =
𝑃𝑡
𝑷𝒕 = 𝟔, 𝟒𝟓𝟏. 𝟔𝟐 𝒌𝒘

𝑃𝑡
𝑁𝑡 =
𝑊𝑡
6,451.62 𝑘𝑤
0.90 =
𝑊𝑡

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𝑾𝒕 = 𝟕, 𝟏𝟔𝟖. 𝟒𝟔 𝒌𝒘

𝑊𝑡 = 𝑚𝑠 (ℎ1 – ℎ2)

𝐾𝐽
ℎ1 = ℎ @ 520°𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 11 𝑀𝑝𝑎 = 3413.5
𝐾𝑔

𝐾𝐽
ℎ2 = ℎ @ 𝑠1 = 𝑠2 = 6.6070
𝐾𝑔 − °𝐾

𝐾𝐽
ℎ2 = 2204.179
𝐾𝑔

𝐾𝑗 𝐾𝑗
𝟕𝟏𝟔𝟖. 𝟒𝟔 = 𝑚𝑠 (3413.5 − 2204.179 )
𝑠 𝐾𝑔

𝐾𝑔
𝑚𝑠 = 5.93
𝑠
𝒌𝒈
𝒎𝒔 = 𝟐𝟏, 𝟑𝟒𝟖 ≈ 𝟐𝟓 𝑻𝑷𝑯
𝒉𝒓
𝑄𝑟 = 𝑚(ℎ3 – ℎ2)

𝐾𝑗
ℎ3 = ℎ𝑓 @ 0.025𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 271.93
𝐾𝑔

𝑄𝑟 = 5.93(2204.179 – 271.93)

𝑸𝒓 = 𝟏𝟏, 𝟒𝟓𝟖. 𝟐𝟒 𝒌𝒘

𝑊𝑝 = 𝑚𝑠𝑉𝑓3(𝑃1 − 𝑃2)

𝑚³
𝑉𝑓3 = 𝑉𝑓 @0.025𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 0.0010199
𝑘𝑔

𝑘𝑔 𝑚3 𝐾𝑁
𝑊𝑝 = 5.93 (0.0010199 ) (11,000 − 25) 2
𝑠 𝑘𝑔 𝑚

𝑾𝒑 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟑𝟖 𝒌𝒘

𝑊𝑝 = 𝑚𝑠(ℎ4 − ℎ3)

66.38 = 5.93(ℎ4 − 271.93)

𝐾𝐽
ℎ2 = 283.12
𝐾𝑔

𝑄𝑎 = 𝑚𝑠(ℎ1 − ℎ4)

𝐾𝐽
𝑄𝑎 = 5.93(3413.5 − 283.12)
𝐾𝑔

𝑲𝒋
𝑸𝒂 = 𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟔𝟑. 𝟏𝟓
𝒔

7
BOILER
Boiler specs: Hamada D 25 Coal Fired Boiler

Steaming Capacity: 25 TPH

Dimensions: 10.55X3.4X11.4

Weight: 195,000 kgs

Coal Storage:

From Morse Power Plant Engineering, coal storage capacity is 10% of

annual coal consumption.

Solving for annual coal consumption

𝑄𝑎 = 𝑚𝑓𝑄ℎ

𝑄ℎ = 23,000 𝐾𝑗/𝐾𝑔

𝐾𝑗
18563.15 = 𝑚𝑓(23000)𝐾𝑗/𝐾𝑔
𝑠
𝑘𝑔 𝑠 ℎ𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑚𝑓 = 0.807 𝑥 3600 𝑥 24 𝑥 365 = 25,449,552 𝑘𝑔𝑠
𝑠 ℎ𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝑇𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠
= 25449.552 𝑥 3 𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑠 = 76,348.656
𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 76,348.656 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑥 0.10 = 7,634.86 𝑇𝑜𝑛𝑠

𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑉𝑐𝑠 =
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑎𝑙

7.634𝑥106 𝑘𝑔𝑠
=
800 𝑘𝑔/𝑚³

8
 7.634𝑥106 𝑘𝑔𝑠
=
800 𝑘𝑔/𝑚³

𝑉𝑐𝑠 = 9542.5 𝑚³

Dimension of Coal Storage (LWH) = 50m x 10m x 20m = 10000m³

Chimney:

𝑇𝑎 = 32℃
𝐾𝑗
𝑅𝑎 = 0.287 ⁄𝐾𝑔 𝐾

𝑃𝑎 = 101.325 𝐾𝑝𝑎

𝝆𝒂 = 𝑷⁄(𝑹)(𝑻) (𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑖𝑟)

= 101.325⁄(0.287)(32 + 273)

= 1.1575 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

𝑇𝑔 = 170℃
𝐾𝑗
𝑅𝑔 = 0.277 ⁄𝐾𝑔 𝐾

𝑃𝑔 = 101.325 𝐾𝑝𝑎

𝝆𝒈 = 𝑷⁄(𝑹)(𝑻) (𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑔𝑎𝑠)

= 101.325⁄(0.277)(170 + 273)

= 0.686 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

𝐻𝑤 = 8 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (𝑁𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒)

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝐻 = 𝐻𝑤⁄𝜌𝑎 − 𝜌𝑔

𝐻 = 8⁄1.157 − 0.825

𝑯 = 𝟐𝟒𝒎

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒

𝑄 = 𝑚𝑅𝑇⁄𝑃

(0.287)(260 + 273)⁄
= 101.325
= 1.51 𝑚3/𝑠

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝐺𝑎𝑠

𝑉𝑓 = √(2𝑔) 𝐻𝑤⁄𝐻

= √(2)(9.81)(8⁄24)

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= 2.557 𝑚/𝑠

𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝐺𝑎𝑠

𝑉𝑎 = (40% 𝑥 𝑉𝑓 )

= 1.0228 𝑚/𝑠

𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟

4𝑄
𝐷 = √ ⁄𝜋𝑉𝑎

4(1.51)
= √ ⁄𝜋(1.0228)

𝑫 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟕 𝒎 ≈ 𝟏. 𝟓𝒎
Boiler Machine Foundation:
𝐿𝑊𝐻 = 10.55𝑋3.4𝑋11.4 𝑚

𝑊𝑚 = 195,000 𝑘𝑔

𝑆𝐵 = 24,412.14 𝐾𝐺/𝑀2

𝑊𝐹 = 3𝑋𝑊𝑀

𝑆𝐵/2 = (𝑊𝑀 + 𝑊𝐹)/𝐵𝐿

𝐴 = 𝑊𝐼𝐷𝑇𝐻 + 2 ∗ .3048

𝑉𝐹 = ((𝐴 + 𝐵)/2) ∗ (𝐻 ∗ 𝐿)

𝑊𝐹 = 195 ∗ 3 = 585,000 𝐾𝐺𝑆

24412.14/2 = (195,000 + 585,000)/𝐵(10.550𝑀)

𝑩 = 𝟔. 𝟔𝟐𝒎

𝑨 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔 𝒎

𝑉𝐹 = 𝑀𝐹/𝐷𝐸𝑁𝑆𝐼𝑇𝑌

𝑉𝐹 = 585000 𝐾𝐺𝑆/2406 𝐾𝐺/𝑀3

𝑉𝐹 = 243.14 𝑀3
243.14 = ((4.0096 + 6.62)/2) ∗ (𝐻 ∗ 9.65𝑀)

𝑯 = 𝟒. 𝟕𝟒𝑴
Steam Turbine Machine Foundation:
𝐿𝑊𝐻 = 4𝑥2𝑥2.5𝑚

𝑊𝑚 = 15000

𝑆𝐵 = 24,412.14 𝐾𝐺/𝑀2

𝑊𝐹 = 3𝑋𝑊𝑀
𝑆𝐵/2 = (𝑊𝑀 + 𝑊𝐹)/𝐵𝐿

10
𝐴 = 𝑊𝐼𝐷𝑇𝐻 + 2 ∗ .3048

𝑉𝐹 = ((𝐴 + 𝐵)/2) ∗ (𝐻 ∗ 𝐿)

𝑊𝐹 = 15000 ∗ 3 = 45000 𝐾𝐺𝑆

24412.14/2 = (15000 + 45000)/𝐵(4.61𝑀)

𝐵 = 1.066

𝑨 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟏𝑴 𝑻𝑯𝑬𝑹𝑬𝑭𝑶𝑹𝑬 𝑩 = 𝑨

𝑉𝐹 = 𝑀𝐹/𝐷𝐸𝑁𝑆𝐼𝑇𝑌

𝑉𝐹 = 45000𝐾𝐺𝑆/2406 𝐾𝐺/𝑀3

𝑉𝐹 = 18.7 𝑀3
18.7 = (2.61) ∗ (𝐻 ∗ 4.61)

𝑯 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟓𝑴
Chimney Machine Foundation:
Solving for weight of chimney

Dimensions: ID = 1.5m brick thickness = 110mm, Height = 24m

Red Brick density = 120 lb/ft³

𝐻 = 78.74𝑓𝑡

𝐷0 = 4.92𝑓𝑡

𝐷𝐼 = 4.92 + .37 + .37 = 5.36

𝐴1 = 19.01 𝑓𝑡²

𝐴2 = 22.26 𝑓𝑡²

𝐴𝑇 = 3.25 𝑓𝑡²

𝑉 = 3.25 ∗ 78.74 = 254.8 𝑓𝑡³

𝑀 = 30708.8 𝑙𝑏𝑠/2.2𝑘𝑔 = 13958.5 𝑘𝑔𝑠 = 13.96 𝑇𝑜𝑛𝑠

𝑾𝒎 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟓𝟖. 𝟓𝟒 𝑲𝑮𝑺

𝐷𝐿 = 1.72𝑚 𝑥 24𝑚

𝑆𝐵 = 24,412.14 𝐾𝐺/𝑀2

𝑊𝐹 = 3𝑋𝑊𝑀

𝑆𝐵/2 = (𝑊𝑀 + 𝑊𝐹)/𝐵𝐿

𝐴 = 𝑊𝐼𝐷𝑇𝐻 + 2 ∗ .3048

𝑉𝐹 = ((𝐴 + 𝐵)/2) ∗ (𝐻 ∗ 𝐿)

𝑾𝑭 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟓𝟖. 𝟓𝟒 ∗ 𝟑 = 𝟒𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟓. 𝟔𝟑 𝑲𝑮𝑺

11
24412.14/2 = (41875.63 + 13958.54)/2 𝑥 𝐵 (24.61𝑀)

𝐵 = 0.0177𝑀

𝑨 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟑𝑴 𝑻𝑯𝑬𝑹𝑬𝑭𝑶𝑹𝑬 𝑩 = 𝑨

𝑉𝐹 = 𝑀𝐹/𝐷𝐸𝑁𝑆𝐼𝑇𝑌

𝑉𝐹 = 41875.63𝐾𝐺𝑆/2406 𝐾𝐺/𝑀3

𝑉𝐹 = 17.40 𝑀3

17.40 = (2.33) ∗ (𝐻 ∗ 24.61𝑀)

𝑯 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝟑𝒎

DIESEL GENERATOR
Diesel Generator Specs: CAT V16 4 Stroke Water Cooled Diesel

Power Ouput: 3-5MW

BxS = 280mm x 300mm

Speed = 900 RPM

Dimensions LWH = 10m x 3.8m x 4.2m

Weight: 64470 kg

Diesel Generator Machine Foundation:

𝑊𝑚 = 64,470 𝐾𝐺𝑆

𝐿𝑊𝐻 = 10𝑚 𝑥 3.8𝑚 𝑥 4.2𝑚

𝑆𝐵 = 24,412.14 𝐾𝐺/𝑀2

𝑊𝐹 = 3𝑋𝑊𝑀

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𝑆𝐵/2 = (𝑊𝑀 + 𝑊𝐹)/𝐵𝐿

𝐴 = 𝑊𝐼𝐷𝑇𝐻 + 2 ∗ .3048

𝑉𝐹 = ((𝐴 + 𝐵)/2) ∗ (𝐻 ∗ 𝐿)

𝑊𝐹 = 64470 ∗ 3 = 193410 𝐾𝐺𝑆

24412.14/2 = (64470 + 193410)/2 𝑥 𝐵 (10.61𝑀)

𝐵 = 0.00892𝑀

𝑨 = 𝟒. 𝟒𝟏𝑴 𝑻𝑯𝑬𝑹𝑬𝑭𝑶𝑹𝑬 𝑩 = 𝑨

𝑉𝐹 = 𝑀𝐹/𝐷𝐸𝑁𝑆𝐼𝑇𝑌

𝑉𝐹 = 193410𝐾𝐺𝑆/2406 𝐾𝐺/𝑀3

𝑉𝐹 = 80.39 𝑀3

80.39 = (4.41) ∗ (𝐻 ∗ 10.61𝑀)

𝑯 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟐𝒎

Pipe Sizing:
𝑚𝑠 = 5.93

𝑣 = 30.60𝑋10 − 3 𝑚³/𝑘𝑔

𝐷𝐸𝑁𝑆𝐼𝑇𝑌 = 32.68 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

𝑉 = 0.181458 𝑚³/𝑠

0.181458 = 𝐴(25)

𝐴 = 5.1845𝑋10 − 3 𝑚²

𝐷 = 0.08125𝑚𝑋3.28 = 0.2665 𝑓𝑡

𝐷 = 3.20 𝑖𝑛 ≈ 4.0 𝑖𝑛.

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MECHANICAL PLANS

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