Section
4.

3


Pg.

169‐171

  This
often
involves
integrating
two
or
more
concepts.

  I.e.
Boyle’s
and
Charles’
Laws
were
combined
to
create
the

Combined
Gas
Law


  Similarly,
Avogadro’s
Theory
and
the
Mole
concept
can

also
be
combined:

  Avogadro:
“Equal
volumes
of
any
gases
at
the
same
temperature

and
pressure
contain
equal
numbers
of
entities”

  Therefore,
for
all
gases
at
a
speciOic
temperature
and
pressure,

there
must
be
a
certain
volume,
the
molar
volume,
that
contains

one
mole
of
entities

  Molar
Volume:
the
volume
that
one
mole
of
a
gas
occupies
at
a
speciOied

temperature
and
pressure

 STP
=
22.4L/mol

SATP
=
24.8
L/mol


  Molar
volume
is
the
same
for
all
gases
at
the
same

temperature
and
pressure
(remember,
all
gases
have

the
same
physical
properties)

  At
STP,
molar
volume
=
22.4
L/mol
(101.325
kPa
and
0°C)

  At
SATP,
molar
volume
=
24.8
L/mol
(100
kPa
and
25°C)

  This
can
be
used
as
a
conversion
factor
just
like
molar
mass!


At
STP,
one
mole
of
gas
has
a
volume
of

22.4
L,
which
is
approximately
the

volume
of
11
“empty”
2
L
pop
bottles.

Molar
Volume
as
a
Conversion
Factor


  Chemists
created
the
concept
of
molar
volume
to

convert
between
volume
and
chemical
amount


x



1
mol










x
L



V 
 
 
 
 




n

litres 
 
 
 
 





mol


x





 x
L







1
mol


Remember
the
conversion
factor
will
be
different
at
STP
and
SATP!

  Why
are
we
dealing
with
molar
volume
instead
of

molar
mass???

  It’s
a
lot
easier
to
measure
the
volume
of
a
gas
than
trying
to

measure
its
mass.

  You
would
have
to
trap
the
gas
in
a
container
and
measure
its

mass
on
a
balance
and
them
make
corrections
for
the

buoyant
force
of
the
surrounding
air
.
.
.
not
easy

 STP
=
22.4L/mol

SATP
=
24.8
L/mol


1.  Calculate
the
volume
occupied
by
0.024

mol
of

carbon
dioxide
at
SATP.


VCO2 : 0.024 mol x ( 24.8 L) = 0.60 L

1 mol 


2.  What
chemical
amount
of
oxygen
is
available
for
a

combustion
reaction
in
a
volume
of
5.6
L
at
STP?


nO2 : 5.6 L x ( 1 mol ) = 0.25 mol

22.4 L 

 STP
=
22.4L/mol

SATP
=
24.8
L/mol


3.  What
volume
does
3.50
g
of
helium
gas
(He)
occupy
at
SATP?


nHe : 3.50 g x ( 1 mol ) = 0.875 mol

4.00 g

VHe : 0.875 mol x ( 24.8 L) = 21.7 L

1 mol

  Once
these
calculations
are
clearly
understood,
they
can
be
combined

into
a
single
calculation
using
unit
analysis.

All
units
except
the
Oinal

unit
will
cancel.


VHe : 3.50 g x ( 1 mol ) x ( 24.8 L) = 21.7 L

4.00 g 1 mol


 STP
=
22.4L/mol

SATP
=
24.8
L/mol


4.  A
propane
tank
for
a
barbecue
contains
liqueOied
propane.

IF

the
tank
mass
drops
by
9.1
kg
after
a
month’s
use,
what

volume
of
propane
gas
at
SATP
was
used
for
cooking?


Molar mass (M): C3H8(g) = 44.11 g/mol



V C3H8(g) : 9.1 kg x (1 mol ) x ( 24.8 L) = 5.2 kL
44.1g 1 mol

  What
if
I
wanted
your
answer
in
litres?


5.2 kL x 1000L = 5200 L 
= 5.2 x 103 L

1 kL
Molar
volume:
the
volume
that
one
mole
of
a
gas

occupies
at
a
speciOied
temperature
and
pressure


STP
=
22.4L/mol

SATP
=
24.8
L/mol


Homework:
pg.
171
#4
­
12