Bio 102 Lab Skeletal System

Dogfish  Radials
 Chondrocranium – Dorsal View  Basals
 Rostrum  Propterygium
 Precerebral cavity  Mesopterygium
 Nasal capsule  Metapterygium
 Precerebral fenestra  Pelvic Girdle and Fin – Ventral View
 Oval Fenestra  Pelvic girdle
 Cranial Cavity  Puboischiac bar
 Orbit  Iliac process
 Antorbital process  Pelvic fin
 Supraorbital crest  Radials
 Postorbital process  Basals
 Endolymphatic foramen  Propterygium
 Endolymphatic fossa  Metapterygium
 Perilymphatic foramen  Clasper
 Auditory/otic capsule
 Foramen magnum Turtle
 Chondrocranium – Ventral View  Skull – dorsal view
 Midventral keel/carina  Premaxilla
 External naris  Maxilla
 Nasal capsule  External naris
 Ethmoid plate  Prefrontal
 Basitrabecular process  Frontal
 Basal plate  Postorbital/Postfrontal
 Median streak (notochord)  Parietal
 Small median foramen  Jugal
 Foramen magnum  Quadratojugal
 Chondrocranium and splanchnocranium – lateral view  Squamosal
 Optic foramen  Quadrate
 Trigeminofacial foramen  Prootic
 Glossopharyngeal foramen  Opisthotic
 Mandibular arch  Exoccipital
 Palatoquadrate or pterygoquadrate  Supraoccipital
(upper jaw)  Skull – ventral view
 Meckel’s cartilage lower jaw  Supraoccipital
 Hyoid arches  Occipital condyle
 Branchial arches  Basioccipital
 Splanchnocranium – dorsal view  Basisphenoid
 Hyoid arch  Squamosal
 Basihyal  Pterygoid
 Ceratohyal  Palatine
 Hyomandibular  Vomer
 3rd -7th branchial arches  Internal naris
 Hypobranchial  Lower Jaw – dorso-lateral view
 Ceratobrancial  Meckel’s cartilage
 Epibranchial  Dentary
 Pharyngobranchial  Surangular
 1st & 2nd basibranchial  Coronoid
 Trunk Vertebrae  Prearticular
 Foramen for dorsal/ventral root of spinal nerve  Articular
 Dorsal plates/neural arches  Hyoid Apparatus – Dorsal View
 Intercalary plates  Body/hyoid
 Centrum  Anterior horn/cornu
 Basahypophyses/basal stumps  Posterior horn/cornu
 Caudal Vertebrae  Atlas – anterior view
 Neural spines  Neural arch
 Haemal spines  Postzygapophysis
 Haemal arches  Neural canal
 Centrum
 Pectoral Girdle and Fin – Ventral View  Hypocentrum
 Pectoral girdle  Axis – lateral view
 Suprascapular cartilage  Neural arch + neural spine
 Scapular process
 Postzygapophysis
 Coracoid bar
 Prezygapophysis
 Pectoral fin
 Neural canal
  Pleurocentrum  Supraoccipital
 Transverse process
 Odontoid process  Skull Ventral View
 Typical Cervical Vertebra – antero-dorso-lateral view  Rhampotheca
 Neural spine  Premaxilla
 Postzygapophysis  Maxilla
 Neural arch  Lacrimal
 Prezygapophysis  Jugal/malar
 Transverse process  Palatine
 Hypapophysis  Orbitosphenoid
 Centrum  Parasphenoid (rostrum)
 Neural canal  Basisphenoid
 Pectoral Girdle  Quadratojugal
 Scapula (nearest carapace)  Pterygoid
 Prescapular process  Quadrate
 Precoracoid  Basitemporal
 Glenoid fossa  Auditory canal
 Forelimb  Basioccipital
 Head of humerus  Exoccipital
 Humerus  Occipital condyle
 Ulna  Foramen magnum
 Radius  Supraoccipital
 Fused radiale and other centralia  Skull – lateral view
 Intermedium  Alisphenoid
 Ulnare  Pterygoid
 Carpals  Orbitosphenoid
 Metacarpals  Lacrimal
 Phalanges  Nasal
 Pelvic Girdle  Rhampotheca
 Epipubic cartilage  Maxilla
 Epipubic symphysis  Palatine
 Pubis  Frontal
 Prepubic/pectineal process  Parietal
 Obturator foramen  Supraoccipital
 Acetabulum  Squamosal
 Ilium  Exoccipital
 Ischium  Auditory canal
 Ischiac symphisis  Quadrate
 Hindlimb  Basioccipital
 Head of femur  Quadratojugal
 Femur  Jugal/malar
 Tibia  Lower Jaw – lateral view
 Fibula  Articular
 Fused tibiale, intermedium and Centralia  Angular
 Fibulare  Supra-angular
 Tarsals  Dentary
 Metatarsals  Hyoid Apparatus – ventral view
 Phalanges  Entoglossal cartilage
 Fused ceratohyals
Chicken  Anterior cornu
 Skull – Dorsal View  First basibranchial
 Rhampotheca  Second basibranchial
 Premexilla  Urohyal
 Nasal process of maxilla  Posterior cornu
 Maxilla  Ceratobranchial
 Nasal  Epibranchial
 Lacrimal  Cartilaginous process
 Mesethmoid  Atlas
 Jugal/malar  Neural arch
 Frontal  Neural canal
 Quadratojugal  Centrum
 Quadrate  Axis
 Squamosal  Neural spine
 Parietal  Neural arch
 Exoccpital  Neural canal
  Odontoid process  Forelimb – lateral view
 Centrum  humerus
 Prezygapophysis  Lesser tuberosity
 Deltoid ridge
 Ulna
 Olecranon process or elbow
 Radius
 Typical Anterior Cervical Vertebra  Ulnare
 Neural spine  Radiale
 Neural arch  Manus
 Neural canal  Carpometacarpus
 Centrum  1st, 2nd, 3rd metacarpals
 Vertebrarterial canal  Phalanges
 Postzygapophysis  Pelvic Girdle (1/2 innominate bone)
 Prezygapophysis  Anti-trochanter process
 Pleurapophysis (rib)  Convex posterior part of ilium
 Typical Posterior Cervical Vertebra  Concave anterior part of ilium
 Neural arch  Acetabular foramen
 Prezygapophysis  Acetabulum
 Vertebrarterial canal, centrum  Pectineal process
 Neural spine  Obturator foramen
 Postzygapophysis  Ilio-ischiac foramen
 Neural canal  Ischium
 Pleurapophysis (rib)  Pubis
 Hypapophysis  Hindlimb
 Thoracic Vertebra with Rib  Head
 Neural spine  Greater trochanter
 Prezygapophysis  Femur
 Diapophysis  Condyles
 Neural canal  Patella/kneecap
 Centrum  Fibula
 Hypapophysis  Cnemial process
 Parapophysis  Tibiotarsus
 Vertebrarterial canal  Malleoli
 Tuberculum  Tarsometatarsus
 Capitulum  Distal ridges (fused 2nd-4th metatarsals)
 Uncinate process  Remnant of 1st metatarsal
 Vertebral rib  Phalanges of digits
 Sternal rib  Claws of digits
 Sternum
 Xiphoid or ensiform cartilage Cat
 Xiphisternal processes  Skull – lateral view
 Keel or carina  Incisor, canine, premolar molar
 Fecet for articulation of sterna rib  External nares
 Costal process  Infraorbital foramen
 Facet for articulation of precoracoid  Nasal
 Rostrum  Frontal process of premaxilla
 Synsacrum  Maxilla
 Last thoracic vertebra  Lacrimal canal
 Lumbar region  Lacrimal
 Sacral region  Orbit
 Caudal region  Supraorbital arch
 Free caudal vertebrae  Frontal
 Pygostyle  Parietal
 Transverse processes  Temporal
 Pectoral Girdle  Zygomatic process of maxilla
 Glenoid fossa  Posterior end of the posterior palatine canal
 Scapula  Sphenopalatine foramen
 Precoracoid (coracoid)  Optic foramen
 Furculum/wishbone  Orbital fissure
 Clavicle  Foramen rotondum
 Interclavicles  Foramen ovale
 Humerus – medial view
 Zygomatic process of temporal
 Head
 Ear ossicle (malleus)
 Greater tuberosity
 Tympanic bulla
 Pneumatic foramen
  External auditory meatus  Presphenoid
 Mastoid process  Alisphenoid
 Jugular process  Foramen rotundum
 Occipital condyle  Foramen ovale
 Occipital bone  External auditory meatus
 Interparietal  Tympanic bulla
 Superior nuchal line or lambdoidal ridge  Mastoid process
 Jugular process
 Skull – anterior view  Lamboidal ridge
 Frontal  Palatine process of premaxilla
 Temporal  Anterior palatine foramen
 Infraorbital foramen  Maxilla
 Frontal process of premaxilla  Infraorbital formamen
 Maxilla  Palatine process of maxilla
 Premaxilla  Zygomatic process of maxilla
 External nares  Jugal/malar
 Alveolar process of maxilla  Palatal process of palatine
 Zygomatic process of maxilla  Palatine
 Jugal/malar  Frontal process of jugal/malar
 Frontal process of maxilla  Zygomatic process of frontal
 Nasal  Hamular process of alisphenoid (hamulus)
 Frontal process of jugal/malar  Basisphenoid
 Zygomatic process of frontal  Occipital
 Supraorbital arch  Mandibular fossa
 Skull – posterior view  Zygomatic arch
 Frontal  Styliform process
 Parietal  Stylomastoid foramen
 Zygomatic process of frontal  Jugular foramen
 Frontal process of malar/jugal  Hypoglossal foramen
 Temporal  Occipital condyle
 Occipital bone  Foramen magnum
 Zygomatic process of temporal  External occipital protuberance
 Mastoid process  Skull – sagittal section
 Jugular process  Cribriform plate
 Occipital condyle  Ethmoturbinals
 Foramen magnum  Nasoturbinals
 Interparietal  Nasal sinus
 Lamboidal ridge or superior nuchal line  Nasal
 External occipital protuberance  Basal part of ethmoid plate
 Tympanic bulla  Maxilloturbinals
 Skull – dorsal view  Premaxilla
 Incisive foramen  Palatine process of maxilla
 Nasolacrimal canal  Frontal sinus
 Palatine  Internal naris
 Posterior end of posterior palatine canal  Palatine
 Sphenoidal foramen  Sphenoidal sinus
 Jugal/malar  Frontal bone
 Frontal process of jugal/malar  Pterygoid process
 Zygomatic process of temporal  Hamulus
 Zygomatic process of frontal  Basisphenoid
 Squamous portion of temporal  Sella turcica
 Parietal  Tympanic bulla
 Mastoid region of temporal  Petromastoid
 Interparietal  Internal auditory meatus
 Occipital  Occipital condyle
 Lamboidal ridge  Occipital
 Orbit  Interparietal
 Zygomatic arch  Tentorium
 Temporal fossa  Cerebellar fossa
 Nasal  Temporal
 Skull – ventral view  Cerebral fossa
 Posterior palatine foramen  Olfactory fossa
 Pterygoid process  Base of Skull – interior view
 Internal nares  Ethmoid
 Vomers  Turbinals/conchae
  Cribriform plate  Neural arch
 Orbitosphenoid  Prezygapophysis
 Alisphenoid  Intervertebral foramina
 Presphenoid  Diapophysis (transverse process)
 Optic foramen  Postzygapophysis
 Orbital fissure  Centrum
 Foramen rotundum  Costal facets for capitulum of the rib
 Foramen ovale  Cranial costa demifacet
 Sella turcica  Caudal costal demifacet
 Basisphenoid
 Otic capsule
 Occipital (basilar part)
 Occipital bone  6th & 7th Lumbar Vertebrae
 Lower Jaw – lateral/outer view  Metapophysis (mamillary process)
 Coronoid process  Prezygapophysis
 Superior notch  Intervertebral foramina
 Vertical/ascending ramus  Neural spine
 Condyloid process  Postzygapophysis
 Inferior notch  Anapophysis (assesory process)
 Angle  Centrum
 Dentary  Transverse process
 Mental foramen  4th Lumbar Vertebra
 Diastema  Neural spine
 Lower jaw – medial/inner view  Postzygapophysis
 Symphysis  Anapophysis
 Mandibular foramen  Ventrum
 Angle  Neural arch
 Hyoid apparatus  Metapophysis (mamillary process)
 Basihyal  Neural canal
 Anterior cornu  Pedicel
 Ceratohyal (hypohyal)  Sacrum – dorsal view
 Epihyal (ceratohyal)  Tubercles
 Stylohyal  Postzygapophysis
 Tympanohyal  Centrum
 Thyrohyal (posterior cornu)  Prezygapophysis
 Chondrohyal (cartilaginous process)  Expanded transverse process
 Atlas  Neural spine of 1st sacral vertebra
 Neural canal  Dorsal intervertebral foramina
 Centrum  Neural spine of 2nd & 3rd sacral vertebra
 Neural arch  Transverse process of 3rd sacral vertebra
 Atlantal foramen  Anterior Caudal vertebra
 Anterior articular process  Centrum
 Transverse process  Neural spine
 Vertebrarterial canal  Prezygapophysis
 Posterior articular process  Postzygapophysis
 Axis  Transverse process
 Neural spine  Chevron bone (ventral view)
 Neural arch  Posterior caudal vertebra
 Postzygapophysis  Centrum
 Centrum  Haemal process
 Transverse process (pleurapophysis)  Elements of Thoracic Rib Cage
 Vertebrarterial canal  Neural spine, neural arch, postzygapophysis,
 Odontoid process prezygapophysis, diapophysis (transverse process),
centrum, neural canal, vertebrarterial canal
 Anterior articular process
 Typical Cervical Vertebra  Tuberculum
 Neural spine  Capitulum
 Neural arch  Vertebral rib
 Neural canal  Costal cartilage/sterna rib
 Prezygapophysis  Sternebra
 Postzygapophysis  Sternum and Sternal Ribs – Ventral view
 Transverse process (pleurapophysis)  Manubrium
 Vertebrarterial canal  Costal cartilage of 1st thoracic rob
 Centrum  Body of sternum (2nd-7th sternebrae)
 1st & 2nd Thoracic Vertebra  Costal cartilages of 9 true ribs
 Neural spine  Xiphisternum (8stenebra)
 Costal cartilage of false ribs
  Xiphoid or ensiform cartilage  Greater multangular
 Scapula – lateral view  Lesser multangular
 Dorsal/vertebral border  Hamate
 Infraspinous fossa  Capitates
 Spine  Metacarpals
 Supraspinous fossa  Phalanges
 Axillary/glenoid border  Claws
 Metacromion process
 Acromion process
 Glenoid fossa
 Scapular notch
 Anterior or coracoids border
 Scapula – medial view
 Dorsal/vertebral border  Pelvic Girdle (1/2 innominate bone)
 Anterior or coracoids border  Crest of ilium
 Subscapular fossa  Ilium
 Axilarry/glenoid border  Acetabulum
 Coracoids process  Pubis
 Humerus – ventral view  Posterior ramus of pubis
 Greater tuberosity  Ischium
 Lesster tuberosity  Ischiac tuberosity
 Bicipital groove  Obturator foramen
 Pectoral ridge
 Deltoid ridge  Femur – anterior view
 Shaft  Greater trochanter
 Radial fossa  Head
 Capitulum  Neck
 Trochlea  Shaft
 Supracondyloid ridge  Medial (internal) epicondyle
 Supracondyloid foramen  Intercondyloid fossa
 Femur – posterior view
 Median epicondyle
 Humerus – dorsal view  Intertrochanteric ridge
 Greater ruberosity  Greater trochanter
 Head  Trochanteric fossa
 Deltoid ridge  Lesser trochanter
 Supinator ridge  Shaft
 Supracondyloid ridge  Lateral (external) epicondyle
 Supracondyloid foramen  Intercondyloid fossa
 Median epicondyle  Medial (internal) epicondyle
 Hindlimb
 Lateral epicondyle
 Forelimb  Head
 Olecranon process/elbow  Greater trochanter
 Semilunar notch  Femur
 Ulna  Shaft
 Radius  Epicondyle
 Styloid process  Patella/kneecap
 Scapholunar  Tibia
 Ulnare  Crest
 Carpales  Fibula
 Metacarpals  Astragalus/talus
 Phalanges  Calcaneus/fibulare
 Horny claws  Cuboid (fused 4th & 5th tarsalia)
 Ulna  Metatarsals
 Olecranon process/elboy  Phalanges
 Semilunar notch  Horny claws
 Coronoid process  Shank bones
 Radial notch  External condyle
 Radius  External tuberosity
 Head  Spine/intercondyloid eminence
 Neck  Medial/internal condyle (articular facet)
 Tubercle  Medial/internal tuberosity
 Manus/forepaw  Tubercle
 Triquetral  Crest
 Scapholunar  Fibula
 Pisiform  Tibia
  External malleolus
 Fibular facet of tibia
 Medial/internal malleolus
 Lateral tuberosity
 Hindfoot/hindpaw
 Calcaneus/fibulare
 Astragalus/talus
 Navicular/scaphoid
 1st /median cuneiform
 2nd/intermediate cuneiform
 3rd/lateral cuneiform
 Cuboid
 Metatarsals (1st-5th)
 Phalanges
 Claws