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CHAPTER 16

TEST FOR COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH of CONCRETE

16.1 PURPOSE
The purpose of this practicum is to overcome the crush strength of the
concrete cylinder test specimen at the required age.

16.2 BASIC THEORY


Concrete compressive strength is the maximum compressive load that can be
borne by concrete per unit area until the concrete is destroyed. This test is carried out
to find out the concrete quality of the previous design, whether it fulfills the signal or
not. In addition, the compressive strength of concrete is used to measure and control
the quality of concrete work in the field in meeting specifications.
The method used to test the concrete compressive strength is by using a press
machine. The principle of testing the compressive strength of a machine with a press
machine is to measure the amount of load that can be carried by one unit of concrete
area (test object) until the test object is destroyed or damaged. The shape of the test
object can be in the form of a 15 cm cube or 15 cm cylinder and 30 cm high.
Compressive strength calculation:
the compressive strength of concrete is equal to the maximum compressive
load (P) divided by the cross-sectional area of the test object (A).
P
Fc = A .........................................................................................................(1.1)

Where :
Fc = Maximum stress press the test object (MPa)
P = Maximum compressive load (N)
A = The cross-sectional area of the test object (mm2)

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16.3 PRACTICUM RESULT
16.3.1 PRACTICUM DATA
The following are practicum data obtained :
Tabel 16.1 Data of cylinder concrete
Weight Maximum load
Number Days Concrete (kg) (KN)
1 1 11,87 190
7
2 2 12,05 190
3 1 - 170
14
4 2 - 190
5 1 11,87 200
6 21 2 11,8 270
7 3 11,9 200
8 1 - 300
9 28 2 - 220
10 3 - 330
Tabel 16.2 Ratio of concrete compressive strength to concrete age
Age (Days) Diving Factor
7 0.7
14 0.88
21 0.95
28 1

16.3.2 CALCULATION DATA


The following is a calculation of data from the test for compressive strength of
concrete on cylinder concrete 1 which is 7 days:
1
 Cylinder area (A) = 4 πd2 .................................................................. (16.2)
1
= 4 × 3.14 × (15)2

= 176.625 cm2;
 Pmax conversion = Pmax before conversion × 7 day diving factor ...(16.3)
= 190 × 0.7
= 133 kN
= 13300 kg;
Pmax conversion
 Compressive strength test = ............................... (16.4)
Cylinder area
13300 kg
= 176.625 cm2

= 75.301 kg/cm2;

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Compressive strength test
 Compressive strength at 28 days = .................... (16.5)
test diving factor
75.301
= 0.7

= 107.573 kg/cm2
= 10.7573 Mpa.

Table 16.3 Data of cylinder concrete after conversion


Maximum load
Weight Maximum load
Number Days Concrete conversion
(kg) (kN) (kN)
1 1 11.87 190 133
7
2 2 12.05 190 133
3 1 - 170 149.6
14
4 2 - 190 167.2
5 1 11.87 200 190
6 21 2 11.80 270 256.5
7 3 11.90 200 190
8 1 - 300 300
9 28 2 - 220 220
10 3 - 330 330

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Table 16.4 Practicum result of the cylinder concrete compressive strength

Cross Compressive Compressive Compressive


Maximum
Sample Diameter High Sectional strength Diving strength strength
No Days load
test date (cm) (cm) Area Test factor at 28 days at 28 days
(kg)
(cm2) (kg/cm2) (kg/cm2) (MPa)
1 March 28 15 30 176.625 7 13300 75.301 0.7 107.573 10.757
2 March 28 15 30 176.625 7 13300 75.301 0.7 107.573 10.757
3 April 4 15 30 176.625 14 14960 84.699 0.88 96.249 9.625
4 April 4 15 30 176.625 14 16720 94.664 0.88 107.573 10.757
5 April 11 15 30 176.625 21 19000 107.573 0.95 113.235 11.324
6 April 11 15 30 176.625 21 25650 145.223 0.95 152.866 15.287
7 April 11 15 30 176.625 21 19000 107.573 0.95 113.235 11.324
8 April 18 15 30 176.625 28 30000 169.851 1 169.851 16.985
9 April 18 15 30 176.625 28 22000 124.558 1 124.558 12.456
10 April 18 15 30 176.625 28 33000 186.837 1 186.837 18.684
Average 127.955 12.796

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20,000
18,000

Compressive strength (MPa)


16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Age of testing (days)

Figure 16.1 Graph of the cylinder concrete compressive strength

16.4 CONCLUSION
The conclusion of the practicum is:
a. Compressive strength test on the 7th day is 75.301 kg/cm2;
b. Compressive strength test on the 14th day is 84.7 and 94.67 kg/cm2;
c. Compressive strength test on the 21th day is 107.57, 145.22 and 107.57 kg/cm2;
d. Compressive strength test on the 28th day is 84.7 and 94.67 kg/cm2;
e. The average of compressive strength at 28 days is 127.96 kg/cm2.

16.5 ERROR FACTORS


The error factor in this lab is that there is too much water in the concrete
mixture so that when casted it is not formed.

16.6 REFERENCE
ASTM C.39: Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of
Cylindrical Concrete Specimens.
ASTM C.31: Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Specimens in the Field.

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