RESEARCH
Research is a process of executing various mental acts for discovering and examining facts
and information to prove the accuracy or truthfulness of your claims or conclusions about the topic
of your research.
STEPS OF A RESEARCH (AcqNotes Copyright 2017)
PROBLEM PLANNING
•Locating and
•Designing the
Defining
research
Issues of
project
Problems
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
1. Accuracy. It must give correct or
accurate data, which the footnotes,
notes and bibliographical entries
should honestly and appropriately
documented or acknowledged.
2. Objectiveness. It must deal with
facts, not mere opinions arising from
assumptions, generalization,
predictions, or conclusions.
3. Timeliness. It must work on a topic
that is fresh, new, and interesting to
the present society.
4. Relevance. Its topic must be
instrumental in improving society or
in solving problems affecting the lives
of people in a community.
5. Clarity. It must succeed in expressing
its central point or discoveries by
using simple, direct, concise, and
correct language.
6. Systematic. It must take place in an
organized manner.
PURPOSE OF RESEARCH
1. To learn how to work independently
2. To learn how to work scientifically or
systematically
3. To have an in-depth knowledge of
something
4. To elevate your mental abilities by
letting you think in higher-order
thinking strategies (HOTS) of inferring,
evaluating, synthesizing,
appreciating, applying, and
creating.
5. To improve your reading and writing
skills.
6. To be familiar with the basic tools of
research and the various techniques
of gathering data and presenting
and of presenting research findings.
7. To free yourself, to a certain extent,
from the domination on strong
influence of a single textbook or of
the professor’s lone viewpoint or
spoon feeding
GATHERING ANALYSIS FINDINGS
•Reporting
•Interpreting
•Collecting Data
Research Data
Research
Findings
TYPES OF RESEARCH
1. Based on Application of Research Method
a. Pure Research. It deals with concepts, principles, or abstract
things. This type of research aims to increase your knowledge
about something.
b. Applied Research. Its intention is to apply your chosen research to
societal problems or issues, finding ways to make positive
changes in society.
2. Based on Purpose of the Research
a. Descriptive Research. It aims at defining or giving a verbal
portrayal or picture of a person, thing, event, group, situation, etc.
b. Correlational Research. It shows relationships or connectedness of
two factors, circumstances, or agents called variables that affect
the research.
c. Explanatory Research. It elaborates or explains not just the
reasons behind the relationship of two factors, but also the ways
by which such relationship exists.
d. Exploratory Research. Its purpose is to find out how reasonable or
possible it is to conduct a research study on a certain topic.
e. Action Research. This type of research studies an ongoing
practice of a school, organization, community, or institution for
the purpose of obtaining results that will bring improvement in the
system.
3. Based on Type of Data Needed
a. Qualitative Research. Requires non-numerical data, which means
that the research uses words rather than numbers to express the
results, the inquiry, or investigation about people’s thought belief,
feelings, views, and lifestyle regarding the object of the study.
b. Quantitative Research. It involves measurement of data. Thus, it
presents research findings referring to the number or frequency of
something in numerical forms.
-Primary data are obtained through direct observation or contact
with people, objects, artifacts, paintings, etc.
-Secondary data, data have already been written about or
reported on and are available for reading purpose.
APPROACHES TO RESEARCH
1. Scientific or Positive approach, in which you discover and measure
information as well as observe and control variables in an impersonal
manner.
2. Naturalistic approach, in contrast to the scientific approach that uses
numbers to express data, it uses words.
3. Triangulation approach, you are free to gather and analyze data
using multiple methods, allowing you to combine or mix up research
approaches, research types, data gathering, and data analysis
techniques.