UNIT Prose

1 HIS FIRST FLIGHT – Liam O’Flaharrty

About the Author

Author : Liam O'Flaherty

Born : 28th August, 1896 - Irish, Ireland.

Occupation : Novelist

Famous Works :  Member of the Communist Party of Ireland

Speciality :  Irish novelist  Short story writer

HIS FIRST FLIGHT mtDila Kjy; gwj;jy;

The young seagull was alone on his ledge. His two brothers and
his sister had already flown away the day before. He had been
afraid to fly with them. Somehow, when he had taken a little
run forward to the brink of the ledge and attempted to flap his
wings, he became afraid. The great expanse of sea stretched
down beneath, and it was such a long way down – miles down.
He felt certain that his wings would never support him; so he
bent his head and ran away back to the little hole under the
ledge where he slept at night.
me; j ,sk; flw; g wit jd] D ila bjh=; F ghiw kP J
jdpahf ,Ue;jJ. new;nw mjDila 2 jk;gp/ j=;if gwe;J
brd;Wtpl;ld/ Mdhy; ,sk; flw;fwitf;F mth;fSld]
gwe;J bry;y gakhf ,Ue;jJ/ vg;gonah/ bjh=;Fghiwapd]
tpspk;g[ tiu Xor;brd]W jd; ,wf;iffis tphpj;J gwf;f
Kad]w ,sk; gwit gae;J tpll; J. bjh=;Fghiwapd] fPnH
gwe;J tphpe;j bghpa flYk;/ ghiwapYe;J fliy nehf;fp
bjhpe;j mjyghjhsKk; gwitia gaKWj;jpaJ. gwit
jd] ,wf;iffs; jdf;F xj;JiHf;fhJ vd czh;e;jJ.
vdnt mJ jd] jiyia Fdpe;J bfhz]L ,utpy; jhd]
cw=;fpa bjh=;F ghiwapd] rpwpa Jisf;Fs; jpUk;g Xor;
brd]W gJ=;fpaJ.

Even when each of his brothers and his little sister, whose mtDila rnfhjuh;fs;/ rnfhjhp gwitfspd] ,wf;if
wings were far shorter than his own, ran to the brink, ,sk; gwitapd] ,wf;ifia tpl rpwpajhf ,Ue;jnghjpYk;
flapped their wings, and flew away, he failed to muster mitfs; tpspk;gpw;F gwe;J brd]W j=;fs; ,wf;iffis
up courage to take that plunge which appeared to him tphpj;J gwe;J brd]wd. `bra;aKoahJ~ vd]W me;j ,sk;
so desperate. His father and mother had come around gwit epidj; J tpl; l fhhpaj; i j bra; a ijhpaj; i j
calling to him shrilly, scolding him, threatening to let jpul;l mJ bra;j Kaw;rpfs; vy;yhk; njhy;tpaile;jd/
him starve on his ledge, unless he flew away. But for the ,sk;gwitapd; jha[k; je;ija[k; gwitia Rw;wp fPhprr; plL
;
life of him, he could not move. miHj;jdh;/ jpul;odh;. gwe;J tutpyi
; y vdpy; ,e;j bjh=;F
ghiwapnyna cd;id gl;odp fpl;f;ftpl;L brd;WtpLnthk;
vd gaKWj;jpdh;/ Mdhy; gwitapd] caph; gak; mij
efutpltpy;iy.
a. Why did the seagull fail to fly? a. Vd; me;j flw;gwit gwf;f jtwpaJ>
b. What did the parents do, when the young seagull b. me;j flw;gwit gwf;f jtwpanghJ mjd; bgw;nwhh;fs;
failed to fly? vd;d bra;jhh;fs;>
 HIS FIRST FLIGHT
That was twenty-four hours ago. Since then, nobody
had come near him. The day before, all day long,
he had watched his parents flying about with his
brothers and sister, perfecting them in the art of
flight, teaching them how to skim the waves and
how to dive for fish. He had, in fact, seen his older
brother catch his first herring and devour it, standing
on a rock, while his parents circled around raising a
proud cackle. And all the morning, the whole family
had walked about on the big plateau midway down
the opposite cliff, laughing at his cowardice.
The sun was now ascending the sky, blazing warmly on
his ledge that faced the south. He felt the heat because he
had not eaten since the previous nightfall. Then, he had
found a dried piece of mackerel’s tail at the far end of his
ledge. Now, there was not a single scrap of food left. He
had searched every inch, rooting among the rough, dirt-
caked straw nest where he and his brothers and sister
had been hatched. He even gnawed at the dried pieces of
eggshell. It was like eating a part of himself.
c. What was the first catch of the young seagull’s older
brother?
d. What did the young seagull manage to find in his d. ,sk; flw; g wit jd; czt[ njliy mjd;
search for food on the ledge? bjh=;Fghiwapy; vg;go rkhspj;jJ>
He then trotted back and forth from one end of the ledge
to the other, his long gray legs stepping daintily, trying to
find some means of reaching his parents without having
to fly. But on each side of him, the ledge ended in a sheer
fall of precipice, with the sea beneath. And between him
and his parents, there was a deep, wide crack.
Surely he could reach them without flying if he could
only move northwards along the cliff face? But then, on
what could he walk? There was no ledge, and he was not
a fly. And above him, he could see nothing. The precipice
was sheer, and the top of it was, perhaps, farther away
than the sea beneath him.
mtDila Kjy; gwj;jy;
24 kzpneu=;fSf;F Kd;gk [ ; mjd; gpdd
; Uk; mjd; mUfpy;
ahUnk tutpyi ; y. new;W/ ehs; KGtJk; jd; bgw;nwhh; jd;
cld;gpwg;g[fSf;F gwf;Fk; fiyia nkk;gLj;j vt;thW
vy;yhk; brhy;ypjUfpwhh;fs; vd;gij ftdpj;jJ me;j
,sk;gwit/ vt;thW miyfspy; kpjg;gij vLf;fyhk;.
kPd;fis jz;zPUf;Fs; @G;fp gpof;fyhk; vd;Wk; fw;W
bfhLj; j ij ftdpj; j J. me; j ,sk; g witapd; @j; j
rnfhjud; vt;thW jd; Kjy; b\h;hp=; vDk; xUtif
fly;kPid gpoj;jija[k; mij tpiuthf tG=;fpaija[k;
mij ghh;jJ ; mjd; bgw;nwhh; bgUikahf bfhf;fhpjj ; ija[k;
ghh;j;jJ. nkYk;/ fhiy KGtJk; me;j bkhj;j FLk;gKk;
Fd;wpwF; vjpnu cs;s bghpa gPlg{kpapd; kPJ ele;J bfhz;nl
me;j ,sk; gwitapd; nfhiHj;jdj;ij fz;L eife;J
bfhz;oUe;jdh;.
bjw; i f nehf; f pa[ s ; s me; j bjh=; F ghiwapd; kP J
,jkhd Nhpaxspia tPrpf;bfhz;nl Nhpad; thdpy; fPnH
,w=; f pf; bfhz; o Ue; j J. new; W ,utpypUe; J vJt[ k ;
rhg;gplhj me;j gwit Nhpadpd; btg;gj;ij mjd; tapw;wpy;
czh;e;jJ/ gpd;/ mJ bjh=;Fghiwapd; J}uf;nfhoapy; xU
fhdh=;bfSj;jpapd; fha;e;j thy; xd;iw fz;Lgpoj;jJ.
,g;bghGJ/ ve;j xU rpwpa czt[jJ ; Qf;Fk; ,Uf;ftpyi ; y.
,sk;gwitapd; mz;zd;/ jk;gp/ j=;iffs; bghhpj;j me;j
mGf;F goe;j itf;nfhy; Tl;oy; xt;bthU m=;Fykhf
ntfkhfj; njoaJ. mJ jhd; bghhpj;j Kl;il Xl;ilf;Tl
foj;J Jz;L Jz;lhf;fpaJ Mdhy; mt;thW Kl;il Xl;il
fof;Fk; bghGJ jd;idjhnd jpd;gJ nghy; czh;e;jJ.
c. ,sk; flw;gwitapd; @j;j rnfhjud; Kjypy; gpoj;jJ
vd;d>
gwf;fhky; jd; bgw;nwhiu mila[k; tHpia bjhpeJ ; bfhs;s
Kad;w me;j gwit jd; ePzl; rhk;gy; epw fhy;fis vHpyhf
vLj;J br=;Fj;Jg;ghiwapd; kPJ m=;Fk; ,=;Fk; eil
gapdw ; J. Mdhy;/ mjd; vy;yh gf;f=;fspYk; bjh=;Fghiw
xU Th;ikahd br=;Fj;Jghiwahf fliy jd; moapy;
bfhz;L ,Ue;jJ. nkYk; mjw;Fk; mjd; bgw;nwhUf;Fk;
,ilapy; MHkhft[k;/ mfykhft[k; xU gpst[ ,Ue;jJ.
bjh=;Fghiwapd; Fd;wpd; kPJ tlf;F nehf;fp efh;e;jhy;
mJ epr;rakhf gwf;fhkny mjd; bgw;nwhiu milayhk;
Mdhy; mjd; gpwF mJ vjd;kPJ elf;Fk; Vbddpy; m=;F
ve; j bjh=; F ghiwa[ k ; fpilahJ. mtdhy; gwf; f t[ k ;
,ayhJ. mjw;F nky; ghh;f;f m=;F vJt[k; ,y;iy. me;j
br=;Fj;Jg;ghiw kpft[k; MHkhft[k; mjd; moapy; gue;J
tphpe;j MHf;fliyf; bfhz;ljhft[k; ,Ue;jJ.
 HIS FIRST FLIGHT
He stepped slowly out to the brink of the ledge, and,
standing on one leg with the other leg hidden under his
wing, he closed one eye, then the other, and pretended
to be falling asleep. Still, they took no notice of him. He
saw his two brothers and his sister lying on the plateau
dozing, with their heads sunk into their necks. His father
was preening the feathers on his white back. Only his
mother was looking at him.
She was standing on a little high hump on the plateau,
her white breast thrust forward. Now and again, she tore
at a piece of fish that lay at her feet, and then scraped
each side of her beak on the rock. The sight of the food
maddened him. How he loved to tear food that way,
scraping his beak now and again to whet it! He uttered a
low cackle. His mother cackled too, and looked at him.
e. What did the young bird do to seek the attention of e. jdJ bgw;nwhhpd; ftdj;ij njLk;go ,sk; gwit
his parents? vd;d bra;jhh;>
f. What made the young seagull go mad?
‘Ga, ga, ga,’ he cried, begging her to bring him over some
food. ‘Gawl-ool-ah,’ she screamed back mockingly. But
he kept calling plaintively, and after a minute or so,
he uttered a joyful scream. His mother had picked up
a piece of fish and was flying across to him with it. He
leaned out eagerly, tapping the rock with his feet, trying
to get nearer to her as she flew across. But when she was
just opposite to him, abreast of the ledge, she halted, her
legs hanging limp, her wings motionless, the piece of fish
in her beak almost within reach of his beak.
He waited a moment in surprise, wondering why she
did not come nearer, and then maddened by hunger, he
dived at the fish. With a loud scream, he fell outwards
and downwards into space. His mother had swooped
upwards. As he passed beneath her, he heard the swish
of her wings.
g. Why did the young bird utter a joyful scream?
h. Did the mother bird offer any food to the young bird? h. jha; gwit jd; ,sk; gwitf;F ve;j czita[k;
mtDila Kjy; gwj;jy;
mJ kpft[k; bkJthf jd; bjh=;Fghiwapd; tpspk;gpw;F
te; J xUfhiy Cd; w p kWfhiy jd; ,wf; i fapd;
moapy; kiwj;Jf; bfhz;L jd; fz;fis @o J}=;FtJ
nghy; ghtid bra; j J. vdpDk; / mth; f ; s ahUk;
,ij ftdpf;fnt ,y;iy. mJ jd; rnfhju/ rnfhjhp
gPlg{kpapd; kPJ gLj;Jf;bfhz;L mjd; jiyfis fGj;jpy;
g[ i jj; J f; b fhz; L ,Ue; j ijf; fz; l J. mjd; je; i j
jd; bts; i s epw KJfpd; ,wFfis jd; myfpdhy;
xG=;FgLj;jpf; bfhz;oUe;jJ. mjd; jha; kl;Lnk me;j
,sk;gwitia ghh;j;Jf; bfhz;oUe;jJ.
f. ,sk; flw;gwit igj;jpakhf vd;d bra;jJ>
fh- fh- fh- vd fj;jp jdf;Fk; bfh+;rk; czt[ bfhz;LtUk;
go bf+;rpaJ. jha; gjpYf;F nfyp bra;tJ nghy; xyp vGg;gp
rphpjj
; J. MdhYk;. tUj;jj;Jld; tplhky; me;j rpwpa gwit
miHj;Jf; bfhz;nl ,Ue;jJ. xU epkplj;jpw;F gpwF mJ
re;njhrkhf xyp vGg;gpaJ. mjDila mk;kh xU rpwpa
kPd; Jz;il thapy; vLj;Jf;bfhz;L te;J mJ ,Uf;Fk;
,lj;jpd; FWf;nf gwe;jJ. thapy; czit itj;Jf;bfhz;L
thdpy; rpwFfis mirf;fhky; epd;wJ. grpapy; @is
kY=;fpa gwit ghiwapd; kPJ jd; ghj=;fis itj;J
jj;jp jj;jp VwpaJ.
Vd; jd; jha; jd; mUfpnyna tutpy;iy vd mJ xU
epkplk; Mr;rhpakhf fhj;jpUe;jJ. gpd; grpapy; @is gprfpa
gwit kPid nehf;fp Fjpj;jJ. kpfg; bghpa ,iur;rYld;
br=;Fj;J ghiwapypUe;J btspna/ fPHn; ehf;fp btw;wplj;jpy;
tPH;e;J bfhz;oUe;jJ. mjd; jha; jpObud mjidg;gw;wp
nky;nehf;fp gwe;jJ. mJ jd; jhapd; fPnH fle;jnghJ mJ
jd; jhapd; bky;ypa ,wf;if xypia nfl;lJ.
g. ,sk; gwit Vd; re;njh&khf fj;jpaJ>
mspj;jjh>
 HIS FIRST FLIGHT
Then a monstrous terror seized him and his heart stood
still. He could hear nothing. But it only lasted a moment.
The next moment, he felt his wings spread outwards. The
wind rushed against his breast feathers, then under his
stomach and against his wings. He could feel the tips
of his wings cutting through the air. He was not falling
headlong now. He was soaring gradually, downwards and
outwards. He was no longer afraid. He just felt a bit dizzy.
Then, he flapped his wings once and he soared upwards.
He uttered a joyous scream and flapped them again. He
soared higher. He raised his breast and banked against
the wind. ‘Ga, ga, ga. Ga, ga, ga.’ ‘Gawlool-ah.’ His mother
swooped past him, her wings making a loud noise. He
answered her with another scream. Then, his father flew
over him screaming. Then, he saw his two brothers and
sister flying around him, soaring and diving.
Then, he completely forgot that he had not always been
able to fly, and commenced to dive and soar, shrieking
shrilly.
i. How did the bird feel when it started flying for the first time?
j. What did the young bird’s family do when he started flying? j. mth; gwf;f Muk;gpj;jnghJ ,sk; gwitapd; FLk;gk;
He was near the sea now, flying straight over it,
facing out over the ocean. He saw a vast green sea
beneath him, with little ridges moving over it; he
turned his beak sideways and crowed amusedly. His
parents and his brothers and sister had landed on
this green floor in front of him. They were beckoning
to him, calling shrilly. He dropped his legs to stand
on the green sea. His legs sank into it. He screamed
with fright and attempted to rise again, flapping his
wings. But he was tired and weak with hunger and
he could not rise exhausted by the strange exercise.
His feet sank into the green sea, and then his belly
touched it and he sank no farther. He was floating
on it. And around him, his family was screaming,
praising him, and their beaks were offering him
scraps of dog-fish.
mtDila Kjy; gwj;jy;
kpfg; b ghpa gak; mij ft; t pf; bfhz; l J. ,Ujank
!;jk;gpj;J epd;wJ. mjhy; vija[k; nfl;f ,aytpy;iy.
,J xU rpy epkpl=;fSf;F kl;Lnk ePoj;jJ. mLj;j epkplk;
mJ jd; ,wf;iffs; btspg;g[wkhf tphptij czh;e;jJ.
me; j ,wf; i ffs; tapw; w iw kw; W k; khh; i g nehf; f p
ntfkhf glglj;jJ. fhw;iw fpHpj;Jr; bry;Yk; cj;jpfis
mjhy; czu Koe;jJ. ,g;bghGJ mJ fz;@oj;jdkhf
tpGe; J bfhz; o Uf; f tpy; i y. mJ ,g; b ghGJ bky; y
bky;y fPH;nehf;fp btspg;g[wk; nehf;fp thdpy; gwe;jJ.
mJ gag;glntapy;iy. mjw;F bfh+;rk; jiy Rw;WtJ
nghy; ,Ue;jJ. mJ jd; ,wf;iffis tphpj;J nky;nehf;fp
gwe;jJ.
mJ re;njhrkhf fj;jpbfhz;nl kPz;Lk; rpwfoj;jJ. mJ
canu gwe;jJ. mJ jd; be+;ir epkph;j;jp fhw;wpy; gwe;jJ.
fh- fh- fh vd fj;jpaJ. mjd; jha; mjdplk; tpiuthf
gwe;J te;jJ. me;j jha; gwitapd; ,wf;if mjpfkhf
xyp vGg;gpaJ. mJ kw;bwhU fj;jy; @yk; gjpyspj;jJ.
,g;bghGJ mjd; mg;gh/ rnfhjuh;fs;. rnfhjhp midtUk;
me;j ,sk; gwitia Rw;wp tl;lkoj;J gwe;jdh;.
gpwF/ mJ jd;dhy; gwf;fnt ,ayhJ vd;gij kwe;J
tpl;lJ Kf;Fspf;f/ cau vGk;gp gwf;f/ fphPr; fphPr; vd;W
fpwPr;rpl bjhl=;fpaJ.
i. Kjy; Kiwahf gwf;Fk;nghJ gwit vg;go czh;e;jJ>
vd;d bra;jd>
mJ flYf; F mUfpy; ,g; b ghGJ ,Ue; j J. neuhf
gwe; J fliy re; j pj; j J. mjw; F moapy; gue; J tphpe; j
KfLfisa[ i la gr; i r epwf; f ly; ,Ue; j J. mJ jd;
myif gf;fthl;oy; jpUg;gp cy;yhrkhf fj;jpaJ. mjDila
bgw; n whh; / rnfhju/ rnfhjhpfs; mjw; F Kd; ,Ue; j
gr;irepw flypy; ,w=;fpd. mija[k; tUkhW cy;yhrkhf
fj;jp irif bra;jd/ mJ jd; fhiy flypy; Cd;wp epw;f
Kad;wJ. mjd; fhy;fs; flypy; @H;fpd. mJ gaj;jpy;
mywp nkny vGk;gpg; gwf;f Kad;wJ. ,wf;iffis tphpjJ ;
glglj;jJ. Mdhy; grpahy; fisj;Jg;nghd gwit ,e;j
g[jpa Kaw;rpahy; nrhh;tile;jJ. mjd; fhy;fs; gr;ir
epw flypy; @H;fpaJ. gpd; mjd; tapW fliy bjhl;lJk;
mjw;F nky; mJ @H;ftpy;iy. flypd; kPJ mJ kpje;jJ.
nkYk; mij Rw;wp mjd; FLk;gk; fj;jpaJ. ghuhl;oaJ.
mth;fSila myFfs; mjw;F lhf; kPd; Jz;Lfis me;j
gwitf;F mspj;jd.
 TEXTUAL GLOSSARY

Word Glossary
ledge (n) a narrow shelf that juts out from a vertical surface
shrilly (adv.) producing a high-pitched and piercing voice or sound
herring (n) a long silver fish that swims in large groups in the sea
devour (v) to eat something eagerly and in large amounts, so that nothing is left
cackle (n) a sharp, broken noise or cry of a hen, goose or seagull
mackerel (n) a sea fish with a strong taste, often used as food
gnaw (v) to bite or chew something repeatedly
trot (v) to run at a moderate pace with short steps
precipice (n) a very steep side of a cliff or a mountain
whet (v) to sharpen
preening (v) cleaning feathers with beak
plaintively (adv.) sadly, calling in a sad way
swoop (v) to move very quickly and easily through the air
beckoning (v) making a gesture with the hand or head to encourage someone to approach or fol-
low.

ADDITIONAL GLOSSARY

Word Glossary
Seagull A popular name of gull, flw;gwit
Ledge A narrow shelf underneath a windows, rd;dypd; fPo;gFjpAs;s XLf;fkhd
Brink Edge, Edpapy;
Flap It move up and down or from side to side, NkYk; fPOkhf> mir
expanse A large open area, mfy; gug;G
stretched To become longer or winder in the way, ,Oj;J ePl;L
beneath Underneath, fPNo
certain Sure, rhpahf
muster up Assemble, jpul;L
courage Bravery, ijhpak;
plunge Jump or drive quickly and energetically, tPo;r;rp
desperate hopeless
shrilly With a high pitched sound, Xq;fpa xyp
scolding An angry rebuke or reprimand, jpl;L
Threatening Having a hostile or deliberately frightening quality or manner, mr;RWj;jy;
Starve Suffer from hunger, gl;bdp
Skin Move lightly, nkJthf nry;
Herring A fairly small silvery fish, gdp;f; flypy; thOk;> ngUq;$l;lkhf thOk; kPd;fs;
Devour Eat hungrily or quickly, jpz;Zk;
Cackle laugh in a loud way, nfhf;fhpg;G
Plateau High ground, gPlG+kp
Cliff A steep rock, Fd;W
Cowardice A lack of bravery, Nfhioj;jdk;
Ascending A lack of bravery, Nfhioj;jdk;
Blazing Very hot, xsptPRk;
Mackerel Fish, xsptPRk;
Scrap Clean, sub, Nja;j;jy;
Hatched Open and produce a young animal, mil fhj;J
Gnawed Bite or nibbled something persistently, fbj;Jf;nfhz;L
Trot Run at a moderate pace with short steps, nkJthf XLjy;
Dainty Small and pretty, rpwpa kw;Wk; mofhd
Sheer Nothing other than, ntspg;gilahd
Precipice A very steep rock, nrq;Fj;J ghiw
Dozing Sleep slightly, J}q;F
Preening Tidy and clean its feather with its beak, ,wFfis xOq;FgLj;J
Hump A rounded raised mass or lead, Nk
Maddened Drive insane
Whet Sharphen the beak, $Hikahf;F
Utter make with once voice
Mockingly makes fun of, Vsdkhf
Plaintively Sounding sad, tUj;jkhf xypf;fpwJ
Eagerly with strong desire, MtYld;
Swooped Move rapidly downwards through the air
Swish Move with a hissing sound
Monstrous having the ugly or freighting appearance of a monster, gaq;fukhd
Souring Flying or rising in the air, caUk;
Gradually slowly, gbg;gbahf
Dizzy sensation of spinning around, kaf;fk;
Banked Heap into mass, mLf;F
Commenced Began, njhlq;fpaJ
Shrieking Making a high pitch sound
Vast great extent, gue;j
Ridges A long narrow hill top, KfL
Amuseolly In an entertained manner, kfpo;Tld;
Beckoning Make gesture with hand, mioj;jy;
Fright A sudden intense feeling, mr;rj;jpy;
Exhausted Very tired, jPHj;Jtpl;lJ
Strange Unusual or surprising, tprpj;jpukhd
Belly The front part of the human trunk below the ribs, njhg;ig

SYNONYMS

WORD SYNONYMS
expanse - vast
courage - bravery, boldness
desperate - hopeless
scolding - rebuking, reprimanding
cried - shouted
devour - sallow
cackle - laugh
ascending - increasing
dozing - sleeping
whet - sharpen
soaring - rising
gradually - slowly
commenced - began, started
beckoning - calling
exhausted - tired
strange - uncommon, unusual,
peculiar, rare
certain - sure
gnaw - bite, chew
 WORD SYNONYMS
halted - stopped
beneath - under
screamed - shouted
attempted - tried
rough - coarse
daintily - delicately
rooting - searching
surprise - astonishment

ANTONYMS

WORD ANTONYMS
certain × uncertain
desperate × hopeful
proud × humble
cowardice × bravery
ascending × decending
rough × smooth
beneath × above
wide × narrow
deep × shallow
hidden × revealed
joyful × sorrowful
eagerly × disinterestedly
halted × started, proceeded
answered × questioned
forgot × remembered
commenced × ended
strange × common
praising × abusing
floating × sinking
offering × receiving
forward × backward
loved × hated
 SHORT ANSWERS
QUESTIONS WITHIN THE LESSON:

a. Why did the seagull fail to fly? B.Pg.No. 2

The young seagull was afraid. He felt that his wings would never support him.

b. What did the parents do when the young seagull failed to fly?
His parents called to him shrilly. They scolded and threatened to let him starve.

c. What was the first catch of the young seagull’s older brother? B.Pg.No. 3
Herring

d. What did the young seagull manage to find in his search for food on the ledge?
A dried piece of mackerel’s tail.

e. What did the young bird do to seek the attention of his parents? B.Pg.No. 4
The young bird pretended to be falling asleep.

f. What made the young seagull go mad?

The right of his mother tearing a piece of fish and scraping the beak made the young seagull go mad.

g. Why did the young bird utter a joyful scream?

The young bird saw his mother flying across to him with a piece of fish. So he uttered a joyful scream.

h. Did the mother bird offer any food to the young bird?
No, the mother bird didn't offer any food to he young bird.

i. How did the bird fool when it started flying for the first time?
He felt a bit dizzy and was no longer afraid.

j. What did the young birds family do when he started flying?

His father flew over him screaming. His mother moved quickly past him making a loud noise with her
wings. His two brothers and sister were flying around him soaring and diving.

A. Answer the following question in a sentence or two.

1. How was the young seagull’s first attempt to fly?

The young seagull was afraid. He felt that his wings would never support him. He failed to he courageous.
He was desperate.

2. How did the parents support and encourage the young seagull’s brother and sister?
The parents were perfecting them is the art of flight, teaching them how to skin the waves and how to
dive for fish.

3. Give an instance that shows the pathetic condition of the young bird.
The young bird had no food. He searched for food in the rough dirt-caked straw. He gnawed at the dried
piecer of eggshell.
 4. How did the bird try to reach its parents without having to fly?
The young bird was walking back and forth with his long grass legs stepping daintily trying to reach his
parents.

5. Do you think that the young seagull’s parents were harsh to him? Why?
No. His parents were ready to support once the young seagull dived at the fish. His mother cockled and
kept on looking at him awaiting his first flight.

6. What prompted the young seagull to fly finally?

The young seagull was maddened by hunger. He wanted his mother to offer him the fish. This made him
dive at the fish.

7. What happened to the young seagull when it landed on the green sea?
His legs sank into the sea. He was frightened and attempted to rise again. Being tired and weak with
hunger he could not rise up. Once his belly touched the sea he was floating on it.

B. Answer each of the following questions in a paragraph of about 100 – 150 words.

1. Describe the struggles underwent by the young seagull to overawe its fear of flying.
The young seagull was afraid. He felt that his wings would never support him. He failed to be
courageous. He was desperate. His parents called to him shrilly. They scolded and threatened to let him
starve. The young bird had no food. He searched for food in the dirt-caked straw. He gnawed at the dried
pieces of eggshell. He feet the heat because he had not eaten. He anted to search his parents without
flying. The young bird pretended to be falling asleep. But they took no notice of him. The young bird was
walking back and forth with his long grey legs stepping daintily trying to reach his parents. The right of
his mother tearing a piece of fish and scraping the beak made the seagull go mad. The young seagull
was maddened by hunger. He wanted his mother to offer him the fish. He wondered why his mother did
not come near him. Finally with a loud scream be fell outwards into space.

2. Your parents sometimes behave life the young bird’s parents. They may seem cruel and
unrelenting. Does it mean that they do not care for you? Explain your views about it with
reference from the story.
My parents have behaved like young bird’s parents on occasions. Sometimes I feel that they are
to harsh and unsupportive. I used to feel lovely like the young seagull on hi ledge. My parents would scold
we and threaten to deny me some privileges unless I obliged. But I realise that they care for me. Deep
in their hearts they take pains so that I may succeed. Their guidance leader me up the ladder, higher and
higher. So it is not a matter to grumble about. The young bird pretended to sleep to attract his parents. But
they took no notice. I have done it too. But my mother would come and comfort me. She would convince
me to do according to their wish. She would motivate me. She would show interest is any improvement and
progress just like the mother bird which guided the young one. When I accept their advice and follow the
whole family comes around lending support and encouragement like the young bird’s family.

VOCABULARY
Read the following sentences.

Set 1
1. The young seagull uttered a joyful scream. (adjective)
 2. The young seagull screamed with joy. (noun)
3. The young seagull screamed joyfully. (adverb)

Set 2
1. The young bird pretended to be falling asleep. (verb)
2. The young bird made a pretension of falling asleep. (noun)
3. The young bird made a pretentious posture of falling asleep. (adjective)
Note that in the Set 1, the adjective ‘joyful’ is changed to its noun from ‘joy’ and to its adverb form ‘joyfully’.
In the Set 2, the verb ‘pretend’ has been transformed to its noun form ‘pretension’ and to its adjective form
‘pretentious’.
We can transform a sentence by interchanging parts of speech without changing its meaning.

C. Change the parts of speech of the given words in the chart.

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

exhaustion exhaust exhaustive exhaustively

exhaustible
width widen wide widely
madness madden mad madly
perfection perfect perfect perfectly

D. Read the following sentences and change the form of the underlined words as directed.

1. His family as screaming and offering him food. (to adjective)

His family was offering him food screaming.

2. The young seagull gave out a loud call. (to adverb)

The young seagull gave out a call loudly.

3. The bird cackled amusedly while flying. (to noun)

The bird cackled is amusement while flying.

4. The depth of the sea from the ledge seared the seagull. (to adjective)
The deep sea from the ledge scared the seagull.

5. The successful flight of the bird was proud moment for the seagull’s family. (to verb)
The bird flew successfully and it was a proud moment for the seagull’s family.

E. Use the following words to construct meaningful seutences of your own.

1. coward - She may seen to be a coward but is fact she is brave.
2. gradual - There is a gradual increase in the number of tigers in India.
3. praise - The teacher praised prasanna for his excellent performance.
4. courageous - Gandhiji was a courageous leader.
5. starvation - Many people have died of starvation in somali land.
 LISTENING
F. Here is a travelogue by the students of Government Girls Higher Secondary School, Pattkottai,
after their trip to Darjeeling. Listen to the bravelogue and answer the following questions.

i) Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. The students visited Darjeeling city.
2. Kanchenjunga is the third highest mountain in the world.
3. Tiger hill is 13 km away from Darjeeling.
4. The drinking water is supplied by Senchal lake to the city.
5. After Senchal lake they visited Batasia Loop.

ii) Do you think they had a memorable and enjoyable school trip?
Yes, Ofcourse they had a memorable and enjoyable school trip.

iii) Name a few places that you wish to visit with your classmates as a school trip.
Mysore, Hyderabad, Mamallapuram, Thanjavur and Pondicherry.

iv) State whether the following statements are True or False.

1. As the sky was cloudy, they could get the glimpse of the Mount Everest. – False
2. The toy train covers 14 km in three hours. – True
3. Tiger hill has earned international fame for the best sunset view. – True

SPEAKING
Your family has planned for a two-day trip to a tourist spot nearby in a reserved forest. Your father
has no idea about what safety measures and precautions to be taken before you start. Enact a role-play on
the above situation.
Student 1 : As a son / daughter
Student 2 : As a father

These would help you.

 Important places to be visited
 Food and accommodation
 Mode of transport
 Necessary clothes for two days
 First-aid kit and medicines required if any etc.

G. Here is a dialogue between a father and his daughter. Continues the dialogue with at least five
utterances and use all the clues given above.
Father : Hi Mary, it has been a very long time since we went on a trip.Let’s plan one.
Mary : Yes, dad. I am also longing to go. Why don’t we plan one for this weekend?
Father : Sure. Tell me, where shall we go?
Mary : Some place nearby but for at least two days.
 Father : Hmm.... I think we should go to the reserved forest nearby.
Mary : Yeah. I’ve never been to a forest. I have seen a forest only on a TV and movies.
The forest is a good choice!
Father : Ok. If we are going to the forest. We must list out what we should carry with us for
two days.
Mary : I think we should carry suitable clothes like jerkins, rain jacket, dress to keep us
warm and study shoes with hiking socks.
Father : What about the food? Do you have any idea, Mary?
Mary : Yeah. For food, I suggest sandwiches, chappatis, jam, butter and some fruits. Do
we need to get prior permission to enter the resewed forest?
Father : Yes of course. I wet the Forest officer last week. He advised we not to stay
after 6 p.m.
Mary : Why dad?
Father : It is not safe because there are wild animals and some poisonous makes.
Mary : When shall we go daddy?
Father : On 27th June.
Mary : Ok dad. I am rarely waiting for the trip.

READING
H. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
BUNGEE-JUMPING
Bungee jumping is an activity that involves jumping from a tall structure while connected to a long
elastic cord. The tall structure is usually a fixed object, such as a building, bridge or crane; but it is also possible
to jump from a movable object, such as a hot-air-balloon or helicopter, that has the ability to hover above the
ground. The thrill comes from the free-falling and the rebound. When the person jumps, the cord stretches and
the jumper flies upwards again as the cord recoils, and continues to oscillate up and down until all the kinetic
energy is dissipated.
Jumping Heights, located in Mohan Chatti village, in Rishikesh has been rated as one of the most
preferred bungee jumping destinations in India at a height of 83 meters. It is the only place in India where
bungee jumping can be done from a fixed platform. This is also India’s only fixed platform Bungee-performed
from a professional cantilever, to separate it from entertainment parks, and create instead, an extreme adventure
zone. The Bungee has been designed by David Allardice of New Zealand.
The Cantilever platform is built over a rocky cliff over-looking the river Hall, a tributary of River
Ganges. Bungee-ing amidst the vastness of nature lends the experience an absolutely breathtaking quality.
Jumping heights is well known for its safety measures and experienced staff. It costs around Rs.2500 per
jump, a bit expensive, but totally worth the experience. The Bungee jumping experience has been set amidst
the astoundingly stunning landscape of Rishikesh. To Bungee jump, one must be at least 12 years and should
weigh between 40-110 kg.
Questions and Answers:

1. What is Bungee Jumping?

Bungee Jumping is an activity that involves jumping from a tall structure while connected to a long elastic
cord.

2. Can Bungee be performed from a movable object? How?

Yes. We can jump from a hot air balloon or helicopter that has the ability to hover above ground.

3. When do you think Bungee becomes thrilling?

The thrill comes from the free-falling and the rebound.

4. What is the experience when one falls off the platform?

It is absolutely breathtaking and thrilling.

5. Where is the Bungee jumping point located in India?

It is located in Mohan Chatti village in Rishikesh.

6. What is the minimum age to Bungee jump?

One must be at least 12 years.

WRITING
Advertisement
An advertisement is an audio or visual form of marketing communication to promote or sell a
product, service or idea.

An advertisement should include the following to make it attractive.

1. Name of the product / brand / outlet.

2. Address with contact information and websites.

3. Appealing Images (visuals) of the Product / Service / Idea to be advertised.

4. Target demographics / audience / customers.

5. Feel-Good discounts and offers.

6. Colourful Background.

7. Colourful and readable text.

8. Brief and catchy descriptions and benefits about the product.

9. Use borders and lines to organize.

Now look at the model advertisement given below

I. Prepare attractive advertisements using the hints given below.

1. Home appliances – Aadi sale – 20 - 50% – Special Combo Offers – Muthusamy & Co, Raja Street, Gingee.

MUTHU HOME NEEDS

AADI SALE

t o 50%
20 nt IBIN Finance
cou
Dis
ZERO % INTEREST

Combo
Offer
Exchange Washing Machine
Offer &
Stainless Gas Stove

Muthusamy & Co,

Raja Street, Gingee.
Ph: 97276 32175
 2. Mobile Galaxy – Smart phones – accessories – SIM cards – Recharge – Free Power banks on Mobile
purchases – No. 1, Toll Gate, Trichy.

MOBILE GALAXY
Latest Model Smart Phones

fer
i Of
Jod
FREE
+ POWER BANKS

SIM Cards 

Exchange All Accessories Available 

Offer
Recharge facilities 

No. 1, Toll Gate, Trichy - 621216

Ph: 67842 91235

Report Writing
A report is designed to lead people through the information in a structured way, and also to enable
them to find the information that they want quickly and easily. It is a short, sharp, concise document which is
written for a particular purpose and audience.

Format of a report.
 Title of the report  Who...? (Chief guest,)
 Report Writer's name  How...? (the details of the event like
 What...? (name of the event) Program, its impact etc.)
 When...? (day and time of the event)  Use simple sentences in the Past Tense.
 Where...? (venue of the event)  Be brief.
 Why...? (the purpose of the event)  Do not exaggerate the event.

Here is a sample report on the Annual Sports Day of a school. Observe the format and the language
used.

Annual Sports Day

By Charan, X - C
Government Higher Secondary School, Hosur, organized the Annual Sports Day on August 29, 2018.
The event was to inculcate the spirit of sportsmanship and fondness for sports in children. Approximately
1,000 students participated in the track and field events. The program began with a prayer rendered
by the school choir. Following this, the Headmaster delivered the welcome speech. The Sports Day was
inaugurated by the Chief Guest, followed by march past, led by the school captain with a placard bearing
the School’s name and motto. Then the much awaited track and field events began. As the events went
by, the school campus reverberated with enthusiastic cheers from the spectators. Many new school level
records were made in 50 metres, 100 metres, and 200 metres races. The merit and participation certifi-
cates were given away by the Chief Guest and Guests of Honour. In his speech, the Chief Guest praised
the endeavours of the school. Then, the Headmaster proposed the vote of thanks. The event ended with
the National Anthem.
 J. Write a report of the following events in about 100 - 120 words.

1. Educational Development Day’ was organised in your school on 15th July. The District
Collector was the Chief Guest of the event. As part of the event, many competitions were held
and prizes were distributed to the winners and participants. It was a grand and successful
event. Now, as the member of the organizing committee, write a report of the event in about
120 words.

EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT DAY

By Kalai, X – A
The management, the staff and the students of Government Higher Secondary School, vellore,
organised the Educational Development Day on 15th July. The programme give importance to create an
awareness among the students about the need for education. During the week an election contest and
a debate on “Is school education necessary today?” were held. Many students actively participated adn
exhibited their hidden talents. On July 15, 2018, the District Collector was the Chief Guest. After the prayer
dance the Assistant Headmaster welcomed the gathering. a 15 minute skit stressed the importance and
advantages of being educated. It was a hilarious comedy with a wonderful message. A thought provoking
mine was enacted keeping the audience spell bound. After distributing the prizes to the winners and
participants for their meritorious performance the Chief Guessed exhorted the student community to
make the best of the opportunities provided is the school to enrich themselves with knowledge. The
Secretary of the PTA proposed the vote of thanks. The programme ended with the National Anthem.

2. You are the School Pupil Leader. You have been asked to write a report on the Inaugural
Ceremony of English Literary Association of your school which was held recently. Write a
report on the same in not more than 120 words.

INAUGURAL CEREMONY OF ENGLISH LITERARY ASSOCIATION

By Dhanish
Shakespeare are English Literary Association of St.Antony’s Hr.Sec.School, Thanjavur was
inaugurated by Prof. K. Dhamodaran, Head of the Department of English, Government Arts College,
Thanjavur, on 25th June. Master Prince Britto weleowed the budding scholars. The office bearers for the
academic year were introduced and they were given badges by the Chief Guest. Our teacher guide Mr.
Justin delivered a speech on the valice of English Language. The school choir presented two melodious
songs. The secretary presented the annual plan. A literary quiz was conducted and the participants
showcased their knowledge on English Literature. The Chief Guest in his speech invited the members
to participate enthusiastically in all the activities of the association so that they could enhance their
communicative skills which is the need ot he hour. Finaly Master Sujan expressed his gratitude.

3. You are coordinator of the Science Forum of your school. An event had been organised on
account of National Science Day for the members of the forum. Now write a report on the
observation of “National Science Day” at your school.

NATIONAL SCIENCE DAY

By Abdullah
The faculty of Science of Vivekananda Memorial School, Kumuli, organised National Science Day
on 27th August. The members of the forum displayed their exhibits is the science exhibition and presented
intelligent inputs about them. A written test was conducted based on the syllabus in which more than 300
members participated. The test gave than an experience of a competitive exam. The members expressed
 their wit and wisdom is the debate on “Science - a boon or a bane?” The Chief Guest Dr.Somesh praised
the budding scientist and applauded the efforts of the institution is providing several avenues for the
students to imbibe knowledge of science for their future career. Mr. Ravichandran thanked the gathering
and the programme ended with the National Anthem.

GRAMMAR
Modals

We have already learnt about Modals in Class IX. Now, let us revise.
A modal verb is used to indicate modality (that expresses a speaker’s general intention) i.e. likelihood,
ability, permission, request, capacity, suggestions, order, obligation, advice etc.
We use modals to show if we believe something is certain, probable or possible.
Modals are,
can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to, need, used to & dare to.

Modals do not change with the person or number of the subject.

A. Complete these sentences using appropriate modals. The clues in the brackets will help you.
1. When I was a child, I could climb trees easily but now I can’t. (ability in the post)
2. I will win this singing contest. (determination)
3. You should buy this book. It is worth buying. (advice or suggestion)
4. Poongothai can speak several languages. (ability int he present)
5. I swear I shall not tell lies again. (promise)
6. My father used to play badminton in the evenings when he was at college. (past habit)
7. You must do as I say! (command)
8. May I have another glass of water? (request)
9. Sibi has not practised hard but he might win the race. (possibility)
10. We ought to preserve our natural resources. (duty)

B. Rewrite the following sentences by rectifying the errors is the use modals.

1. Would I have your autograph?

Could I have your autograph.

2. I can be fifteen next April.

I will be fifteen next April.

3. Take an umbrella. It should rain later.

Take an umbrella. It may rain later.

4. The magistrate ordered that he might pay the fine.

The magistrate ordered that he should pay the fine.

5. Make me a cup of tea, shall you?

Make me a cup of tea, will you?
 6. You may speak politely to the elders.
You should speak politely to the elders.

7. You will get your teeth cleaned at least once a year.

You ought to get your teeth cleaned at least once a year.

8. We could grow vegetables in our kitchen garden but we don’t do it now.

We used to grow vegetables in our kitchen garden but we don’t do it now.

C. Read the dialogue and fill in the blanks with suitable models.
Dad : Shall we go out for dinner tonight?
Charan : Yes, Dad. We shall go to a restaurant where I can have some ice cream.
Dad : Ok. Then I will be home by 7 p.m. Mom and you should be ready by then.
Charan : Sure. We shall. My friend told me that there is a magic show nearby.
Could you please take us there?
Dad : We may not have time to go for the magic show, I suppose. It we have enough
time left, we can plan.
Charan : By the way, should we inform our gatekeeper about our going?
Dad : Yes, we should so that he would be aware we aren’t at home.
Charan : May I call up Mom and tell her about our plan today?
Dad : You ought to. Otherwise we might be in trouble when she returns home.
Charan : Hmm... by the time you come home in the evening we will be waiting
for you. Hope you won’t be lte. Bye.

D. Read the following dialogues and supply appropriate modals.

Student : Can we leave our bags in the class during the break.
Teacher : Yes, you an but arrange them neatly.
Passenger : My child is 6 years old. Do I have to buy him a ticket
Conductor : Yes, you must. It costs half of the price of an adult ticket.
Vani : Can we go for coffer after the meeting?
Yoga : No, I can’t. I have to go home.
Salesman : When will I receive my order?
Customer : I can assure you sir, she order will be delivered tomorrow.
Neela : Do you think I should write about my education background in the resume?
Preethi : Yes, you should. You may get a letter job.

Imagine you have been to Thanjavur recently. Based on your experience and the data given below
about Thanjavur, suggest and guide your friend who wishes to visit Thanjavur and places nearby,
using modals in your sentences.
 Trains towards Places to visit in Places around Unique Products
Thanjavur Thanjavur Thanjavur of Thanjavur
 Uzhavan Express  Brihadeeswarar Temple  Thiruvaiyaru  Art Plates
 Mannai Express (Big temple)  Kumbakonam  Paintings
 Madurai Express  Museum  Kallanai Dam  Bronze Status
 Saraswathi Mahal (Library)  Poondi (Church)  Dancing Dolls
 Palace  Manara Pattukkottai

E. Here are a few sentence already

1. I would suggest that you take the Uzhavan Express to Thanjavur from Chennai.
2. You will be more comfortable if you could book 3 tier A/C.
3. You could enjoy your journey by Travelling by Train.
4. You should visit the Brahadeeswarar Temple and the Museum.
5. You mustn't miss the Place and the Saraswathi Mahal.
6. You can buy the Art plates and the Paintings.
7. You would really admire the Kallanai Dam.
8. If you have time you may proceed further to Poondi.
9. You shouldn't fail to visit Thiruvaiyaru.
10. You may feel bad if you fail to buy a dancing doll.

Active and Passive

In Class IX, we have already learnt about Active and Passive Voices. Now, we shall learn some more
forms of the voice.

F. Change the following sentences to the other voice.

1. The manager appointed many office assistants.

Many office assistants were appointed by the manager.

2. You are making a cake now.

A cake is being made now by you.

3. That portrait was painted by my grandmother.

My grandmother painted the Portrait.

4. Malini had bought a colourful hat for her daughter.

A colourful hat had been bought by Malini for her daughter.

5. They have asked me to pay the fine.

I have been asked to pay the fine.

6. The militants were being taken to prison by the police.

The police were taking the militants to prison.

7. His behaviour vexes me.

I am vexed by his behaviour.
 8. Rosy will solve the problem.
The problem will be solved by Rosy.

9. Our army has defeated the enemy.

The enemy has been defeated by our army.

10. The salesman answered all the questions patiently.

All the questions were answered patiently by the salesman.

Passive Voice - Request

In Active Voice, a request begins with 'Please'. When we change a request from Active to Passive
Voice, we should begin the sentence with ‘You are requested to’ in place of 'Please'. If the request is in
negative form, the request in passive voice should begin with ‘You are requested not to’.
(e.g.) 1. Please assemble in the ground. (Active)
You are requested to assemble in the ground. (Passive)
2. Please do not use mobile phones here. (Active)
You are requested not to use mobile phones here. (Passive)

Passive Voice - Advice

When we change an advice from active to passive voice, we should begin the sentence with ‘You are
advised to’. If the advice is in negative form, it should begin with ‘You are advised not to’.
(e.g.) 1. Work hard (Active)
You are advised to work hard. (Passive)
2. Do not eat junk food. (Active)
You are advised not to eat junk food. (Passive)

Passive Voice - Omitting the agent

In the sentences beginning with someone/no one, omit the ‘agent’ (subject) in the passive voice.
(e.g.) 1. Somebody has taken away my book. (Active)
My book has been taken away. (Passive)
2. No one has bought the tickets. (Active)
The tickets have not been bought. (Passive)
(Add 'not' to the verb for nobody, none, no one)

Passive Voice - Interrogatives

When sentences are changed to Passive, they begin with a verb (in ‘Yes/No’ questions) or with a
question word followed by the verb (in ‘Wh’ questions).

a. Questions beginning with Auxiliary verbs.

(e.g.) 1. Did he write a letter? (Active)
Was a letter written by him? (Passive)
2. Is he watching us? (Active)
Are we being watched by him? (Passive)
b. Questions beginning with 'wh' words.
(e.g.) 1. Who will accept this? (Active)
By whom will this be accepted? (Passive)
2. Who has arranged this meeting? (Active)
By whom has this meeting been arranged? (Passive)
3. When will you finish the building? (Active)
When will the building be finished by you? (Passive)
4. How did they do this? (Active)
How was this done by them? (Passive)
5. When will you finish the building? (Active)
When will the building be finished by you? (Passive)
(the agent 'by them' is optional)

G. Change the following into Passive voice.

1. Please call him at once.

You are requested to call him at once.

2. How did you cross the river?

How was the river crossed by you?

3. No one is borrowing the novels from the library.

The novels are not being borrowed from the library.

4. Will you help me?

Will I he helped by you?

5. Go for a jog early in the morning.

You are advised to go for a jog early in the morning.

6. Why have you left your brother at home?

Why has your brother been left at home by you?

7. Nobody should violate the rules.

The rules should not be violated.

8. Someone has to initiate it immediately.

It has to be initiate immediately.

9. Have you invited Raman to the party?

Has Raman been invited to the party by you?

10. Please do not walk on the grass.

You are requested not to walk on the grass.
 11. Cross the busy roads carefully.
You are advised to cross the busy roads carefully.

12. When will you book the tickets to Bengaluru?

When will the tickets to Bengaluru be booked by you?

H. In the following sentences the verbs have two objects namely Direct and Indirect objects. Change
each of the following sentences into two passives using direct object as the subject in one and
indirect in the other.

1. John gave a bar of chocolate to Jill.

a) Jill was given a bar of chocolate by John.
b) A bar of chocolate was given to John by Jill.

2. Pragathi lent a pencil to Keerthana.

a) Keerthana was lent a pencil by Pragathi.
b) A pencil was lent to Keerthana by Pragathi.

3. Sudha told the truth to her friend.

a) Her friend was told the truth by Sudha.
b) The truth was told to her friend by Sudha.

4. They offered the job to Venkat.

a) Venkat was offered the job by them.
b) The job was offered to Venkat by them.

5. The boss showed the new computer to Kaviya.

a) Kaviya was shown the new computer by the boss.
b) The new computer was shown to Kaviya by the boss.

I. Rewrite the following passage in Passive Voice.

A few days ago, someone stole Ambrose’s motorbike. Ambrose had left it outside his house. He
reported the theft to the police. The police told him that they would try to find his motorbike. This morning,
they found his motorbike. The police called Ambrose to the police station. The thieves had painted it and then
sold it to someone else. The new owner had parked the motorbike outside a mall when the police found it.
After an enquiry, the police arrested the thieves.

Answer:
A few days ago, Ambrose motorbike was stolen. It has been left outside his house. The theft was
reported to the police by him. He was told by the police that they would try to find his motorbike. His motorbike
was found by the police this morning. Ambrose was called to the police station. It had been painted and them
sold by the thieves. The motorbike had been parked outside a mall by the new owner when it was found by
the police. After an enquiry the thieves were arrested by the police.
J. Write a recipe of your favourite dish in passive voice. Remember to list out the ingredients of the
dish you have chosen and their quantity. Use Simple Present tense to write your recipe.

LEMON RICE
INGREDIENTS
1 ½ cups rice (uncooked, new)
Lemon - 2 nos
Salt
2 table spoonful oil
¾ table spoonful mustard
Dry Chilly - 2 nos
Curry Leaves, coriander Leaves
Let 1 ½ cups of rice be boiled and drained. Juice is squeezed out of two lemons. A pinch of salt
is added to the juice. Warm the vessel and 2 table spoonful of oil is poured into it. ¾ of table spoonful of
mustard, 2 dry chillies and some curry leaves are put into the vessel. Aftersome moments the lemon juice is
poured in. Allow it to boil for sometime. Then the juice with other ingredients is poured into the pot of rice.
Rice is mixed with the juice. Finally some coriander leaves are strewn over the lemon rice. Delicious lemon rice
is ready.

K. Write a report of an event held at your school using Passive voice. Use Simple Past Tense to narrate
the event.
The Independence Day was celebrated with pomp and gaiety. After the prayer song had been sung
the National Flag was hoisted by the NCC officer. The flag song was sung by Kumar. A drama was presented
depicting the history of our country. A wonderful speech was delivered by Kanagi. The prizes were given to the
winner of various competitions. Our patriotic feelings were aroused when the message was given by the Chief
Guest. The performance of the NCC cadets was appreciated and sweets were distributed. Finally the National
Anthem was sung.
 UNIT
1 LIFE
About the Author
Author : Henry Van Dyke
Born : 1852 - 1933
Famous Works :  Professor of English literature at Princeton University
(1899 - 1923)
Honours and Awards :  Elected to the American Academy of Art
Speciality :  American author
LIFE
Let me but live my life from year to year,
With forward face and unreluctant soul;
Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal;
Not mourning for the things that disappear
In the dim past, nor holding back in fear
From what the future veils; but with a whole
And happy heart, that pays its toll
To Youth and Age, and travels on with cheer.
So let the way wind up the hill or down,
O'er rough or smooth, the journey will be joy:
Still seeking what I sought when but a boy,
New friendship, high adventure, and a crown,
My heart will keep the courage of the quest,
And hope the road's last turn will be the best.
POEM
– Henry \Van Dyke
 poet  educator and clergyman
thH;f;if
njhy;tpia g[wk;js;sp Kd;ndhf;fp bry;Yk; tplhKaw;rpai [ la
Md; k ht[ l d; vd; D ila thH; f ifia Md; k ht[ l d;
vd;Dila thH;f;ifia Mz;lhz;ow;F thH vd;id
mDkjpa= [ f; s;" mtruk; ,y;yhky;/ k=;fpa fle;j fhyj;jpy;
bjhiye;J nghditfis njo mGJ g[yk;ghky;" vjphf; hyk;
vd; d jug; n ghfpwnjh vd; w gaj; j py; gpd; t h=; f hky; "
re;njhrkhd KG kdJld; ,sik jUk; mDgt=;fis
re; n jhrkhf mDgtpj; J f; bfhz; L thH; f ; i fia mJ
nghFk; ghijapnyna brd;W re;njhrkhf thH vd;id
mDkjpa[=;fs;.
vdnt ghij vt;tst[ fodkhdjhf ,Ue;jhYk;/ nkL/
gs;skhfnth my;yJ fuL Kulhfnth ,Ue;jhYk; ek;
thH;f;if gazk; ,dpjhfnt ,Uf;Fk;" mjdhy; vd;d
ele;jhYk; jd;idj; jhnd njof;bfhz;L/ g[jpa el;g[/
bghpa rhfrk;/ gl;lk; gjtp vd njof;bfhz;L vd; ,jak;
ek;gpf;ifia iftplhky; jhd; nghFk; ghij rpwe;jijna
vd; njlYf;F ghprhfj; jUk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy; bry;Yk;
vd; Md;khit Mz;lhz;L fhyj;jpwF ; thH mDkjpa= [ f; s;.
 TEXTUAL GLOSSARY

Word Glossary
mourning (v) feeling or expressing great sadness
Veils (v) to hide or cover somethng so that you cannot see it clearly or understand it
crown (n) a prize or position offered for being the best
quest (n) a long search for something that is difficult to find
unreluctant* (adj.) willing to do something (*This form is generally not used but the poet has coined it for
emphasis)

A. Read the following lines from the poem and answer the questions that follows.

1. Le me but live my life from year to year,

With formward face and unreluctant soul;
a) Whom does the word 'me' refer to?
'Me' refers to the poet.
b) What kind of life does the poet want to bad?
The poet wants to live his life looking ahead, willing to do something.

2. Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal;

Not ;mourning for the things that disappear
a) Why do you think the poet is not in a hurry?
The poet is not in a hurry because he does not want to more away from his god.
b) What should one not mourn for?
One should not mourn for the things he has lost.

3. In the dim past, nor holding back in fear

From what the future veils; but with a whole
And happy heart, that pays its toll
To Youth and Age, and travels on with cheer.
a) What does the poet mean by the phrase 'in the dim past'?
The phrase in the dim past means in the dull life of the yester years.
b) Is the poet afraid of future?
No, the poet isn't afraid of future.
c) How can one travel on with cheer?
One can travel on with cheer with a whole and happy heart.
 4. So let the way wind up the hill or down,
O'er rough or smooth, the journey will be joy:
Still seeking what I sought when but a boy,
New friendship, high adventure, and a crown,
a) How is the way of life?
The way of life is up and down. It is also rough and smooth.
b) How should be the journey of life?
The journey of life should be joyful.
c) What did the poet seek as a boy?
The poet rought new friendship, high adventure and a crown (prize).

5. My heart will keep the courage of the quest,

And hope the road's last turn will be the best.
a) What kind of quest does the poet seek here?
The poet wishes to have a courageous heart to pursue his desires.
b) What is the poet's hope?
The poet hopes that every turn in his life's journey will be the best.

6. In the dim past, nor holding back in fear

From what the future veils; but with a whole
And happy heart, that pays its toll
To Youth and Age, and travels on with cheer.
a) Identify the rhyming words of the given lines.
fear - cheer ; whole - toll

7. Let me but live my life from year to year,

With forard face and unreluctant soul;
Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal;
Not mourning for the things that disappear
a) Identify the rhyme scheme of the given lines.
abba

B. Answer the following question in about 80 – 100 words.

1. Describe the journey of life as depicted in the poem by Henry Van Dyke.
The poet desires to lead his future life with optimism and he is ever willing to do something.
He does not want to mesh through. He rows to be focussed on his goal. He is not going to fell sad about
the dull past. He is not afraid to face the future. He prefers to more on cheerfully with a whole and happy
heart from youth to old age. Hence he will not be disturbed if the path of his life is up or down and
rough or smooth. He wants to lead a joyful life. He will keep on searching for fulfill his boy's wishes - new
friends, thrilling period of life and finally success in career. So he will have a courageous heart to chase
his dream. He hope for the best is his last step in his life.
C. Based on your understanding of the poem, complete the following passage by the using the phrases
given in the box.

youth to old age up or down the hill to hurry nor move away
high adventure joyful mourn looking ahead

The poet wants to live his life looking ahed, willing to do something. He neither wants to hurry
nor move away from his goal. He does not want to mourn the things he has lost, not hold back for fear
of the future. He instead prefers to live his life with a whole and happy heart which cheerfully travels from
youth to old age. Therefore, it does not matter to him whether the path goes up or down the hill, rough
or smooth, the journey will be joyful. He will continue to seek what he wanted as a boy - new friendship,
high adventure and a crown (prize). His heart will remain courageous and pursue his desires. He hopes that
every turn in his life's journey will be the best.
 UNIT
1 THE TEMPEST
About the Author
Author : William Shakespeare
Born : 26th April, 1564 - England.
Occupation :  PlayWright  Poet  Actor
Famous Works :  Hamlet  King Lear  Othello
 As you Like it  Julius Ceasar
 Antony and Cleopatra : 154 Sonnets
Known as :  The Bard of Avon  England’s National Poet
Died : 23rd April, 1616.
THE TEMPEST
There was an island in the sea, the only inhabitants of which
were an old man, named Prospero, and his daughter Miranda,
a very beautiful young lady. She came to this island so young,
that she had no memory of having seen any other human face
than her father’s.
They lived in a cave made out of a rock; it was divided
into several apartments, one of which Prospero called
his study; there he kept his books, which chiefly treated
of magic. By virtue of his art, he had released many
good spirits from a witch called Sycorax who had them
imprisoned in the bodies of large trees. These gentle
spirits were ever after obedient to the will of Prospero.
Of these Ariel was the chief.
Ariel took rather too much pleasure in tormenting
an ugly monster called Caliban, because he was the
son of his old enemy Sycorax. Caliban was employed
like a slave, to fetch wood, and do the most laborious
offices; and Ariel had the charge of compelling him
to these services.
SUPPLEMENTARY
– William Shakespeare
g[ay;
flypy;xU jPt[,Ue;jJ mjpy;gpuh!;gnuh vd;w tajhd kdpjDk;
mthpd; kpuhz;lh vd;w mHfpa ,sk; bgz; kl;Lnk me;j jPtpy;
trpjj; dh;. kpuhz;lh rpwpa bgz;zhf ,Uf;Fk;nghnj me;j jPtpwF
;
te;J tpll; jhy; jd; je;ijia jtpu ntW kdpjh;fis mth;
ghh;jj; nj ,y;iy.
mth; f s; fw; f shy; bra; a g; g l; l Fifapy; thH; e ; j dh; .
Fif gy mLf;Ffshf gphpf;fg; gl;oUe;jJ. mjpy; xd;wpy;
gpuh!;gnuhtpd; gog;giw ,Ue;jJ. mjpy;jhd; ke;jpug;
g[j;j=;fs; ,Ue;jd. me;j ke;jpuf;fiyia gad;gLj;jp
me;j jPtpy; rpiwgl;l gy ey;y Mtpfis rpnfhuhf;!pd;
gpoapypUe;J tpLtpj;jhh;. ,jdhy; mitfs; gpuh!;gnuhtpd;
fl; l isfis bra; a jahuhf ,Ue; j dh; . mitfspy;
Kjd;ikahdJ Vhpay; MFk;.
Vhpay; jdJ giHa vjphpapd; kfdhd mrp=f
; khd muf;fd;
fspgd;id ntiy th=;Ftjpy; mj;j kfpH;r;rpaile;jJ.
fspgid tpuF bfhz;L tu bra;jy;/ fodkhd ntiyfis
bra;a itj;jy; nghd;witfis je;J mtid xU moik
nghy ntiy th=;fpaJ.
 THE TEMPEST
With the help of these spirits, Prospero could
command the winds, and the waves of the sea. By
his orders they raised a violent storm, in the midst
of which, he showed his daughter a fine large ship,
which he told her was full of living beings like
themselves. “Oh my dear father,” said she, “if by your
art you have raised this dreadful storm, have pity on
their sad distress. See! the vessel will be dashed to
pieces. Poor souls! they will all perish.”
“Be not so amazed, daughter Miranda,” said
Prospero; “there is no harm done. I have so ordered
it, that no person in the ship shall receive any hurt.
What I have done has been in care of you, my dear
child. You are ignorant. Can you remember a time
before you came to this cell? I think you cannot, for
you were not then three years of age.”
“Twelve years ago, Miranda,” continued Prospero,
“I was Duke of Milan, and you were a princess,
and my only heir. I had a younger brother, whose
name was Antonio, to whom I trusted everything;
My brother Antonio being thus in possession of my
power, began to think himself the duke indeed. The
opportunity I gave him of making himself popular
among my subjects awakened in his bad nature a
proud ambition to deprive me of my dukedom: this
he soon effected with the aid of the King of Naples,
a powerful prince, who was my enemy.”
“Wherefore,” said Miranda, “did they not that hour mjdhy; mth;fs; me;j neuj;jpy; ek;ik mHpjJ
destroy us?” vd;why; kpuhz;lh
“My child,” answered her father, “they dared not, so
dear was the love that my people bore me. Antonio
carried us on board a ship, and when we were some
leagues out at sea, he forced us into a small boat,
without either tackle, sail, or mast: there he left us,
as he thought, to perish. But a kind lord of my court,
one Gonzalo, who loved me, had privately placed in
the boat, water, provisions, apparel, and some books
which I prize above my dukedom.”
g[ay;
,e; j Mtpfspd; Jizbfhz; L gpuh!; g nuh flypd;
miyfisa[k; fhw;iwa[k; jd; fl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;Lte;jhh;.
mitfs; xU bfhoa g[aiy vGg;gpdh;. mjpy rpf;fpa xU
fg;giya[k; mjpy; j=;fisg;nghynt cs;s kdpjh;fisa[k;
gpuh!;gnuh jd; kfSf;F fhl;odhh;. `X- vd; md;g[ mg;gh~
eP=;fs; c=;fs; ke;jpuj;jpd; @yk; ,g;gobahU mr;r@l;Lk;
g[aiy cUthf;FdPhf; s; vdpy; mth;fs; thH;t[ mHpeJ
; nghFk;
ghU=;fs; mg;gh- me;j fg;giy mJ rpjwof;fg;glg;nghfpwJ.
fUiz fhl;L=;fs;.
`kpft[k; tpag;ghf ,y;iy~ / `kfns kpuhz;lh~ vd;whh;
gpuh!;gnuh. ve;j jP=;Fk; elf;fhJ. ehd; fg;gypy; cs;s ve;j
kdpjUf;Fk; jP=;F Vw;glf;TlhJ vd fl;lisapl;Ls;nsd;.
ehd; vd;d bra;jhYk; mJ cd; ed;ikf;Fjhd; kfns-. eP
xU ngij. ,e;j rpiwf;F tUtjw;F Kd; eP vg;goapUe;jha;
vd; W cdf; F epidtpUf; f pwjh> cd; d hy; epidt[ T u
KoahJ vd;W epidf;fpnwd; Vbddpy; mg;bghGJ cdf;F
3 taJ Tl epuk;gtpy;iy.
12 tUl=;fSf;F Kd;g[/ kpuhz;lh ehd;/ kpyd; ehl;od;
kd;ddhf ,Ue;njd;/ eP ,sturpahf vdJ xnu thhprhf
,Ue; j ha; . vd; f F xU jk; g p ,Ue; j hd; mtd; bgah;
Mz;ldpnah mtd; kPJ ehd; bghpa mstpy; ek;gpf;if
itj;jpUe;njd;. mjdhy; mtDf;F murDf;Fhpa vy;yh
mjpfhu=;fisa[k; tH=;fpndd;. Mdhy; mtnd jd;id
murdhf epidf; f j; bjhl=; f ptpl; l hd; . ehd; tH=; f pa
mjpfhuj;jhy; kf;fspilna gpugyk; mile;j mtd; vd;
ehl;ilna mgfhpf;f eidj;jhd;. vd; rf;jptha;e;j vjphp
negy; murdpd; cjtpa[ld; mij bra;a tpise;jhd;.
; tpll; hh;fsh>
``vd; kfns/~~ mth;fSf;F me;j mstpy; Jzpr;ry; ,y;iy.
kf; f s; v=; f s; kP J bfhz; l ghrk; mt; t st[ mjpfk; .
Mz;ldpnah ek;ik xU fg;gYf;F bfhz;Lte;jhd. ehk;
flypy; Rkhuhf 3 fy; bjhiytpy; ,Uf;Fk; bghGJ mtd;
ek;ik/ jLg;ghl;lk;/ gha;kuk; (m) fg;gy; gha;kuk; ,y;yhj
rpwpa glfpy; VWkhW tw;g[Wj;jpdhd; gpd; m=;nfna ek;ik
tpl;Lr;brd;why; ehk; mHpe;JtpLnthk; vd;w vz;zj;jpy;
mDg;gpdhd;. Mdhy; vd;id nerpj;j vd; ePjpkd;wj;jpy;
,Ue;j xU ,uf;fk; bfhz;l gpug[ nfhd;!nyh/ glfpy;
jz;zPh;/ kspifg; bghUs;fs;/ Mil kw;Wk; ehl;iltpl
mjpfkhf tpUk;gpa vd; g[j;jf=;fis mjpy; ahUf;Fk;
bjhpahky; itj;jpUe;jhd;.
 THE TEMPEST g[ay;
“O my father,” said Miranda, “what a trouble must I `X- vd; mg;gh~/ `me;jepiyapy; ehd; c=;fSf;F vt;tst[
have been to you then!” bghpa Jd;gkhf ,Ue;jpUg;ngd;~ vd;whs; kpuhz;lh.
“No, my love,” said Prospero, “you were a little angel
`,y;iy~/ `,y;iy vd; md;ng~ vd;whh;/ gpuh!;gnuh. eP jhd;
that did preserve me. Your innocent smiles made vd; Fl;o njtij vd;id mHptpy; ,Ue;J fhg;ghw;wpats;.
me bear up against my misfortunes. Our food lasted vd; Jujp!; l =; f is vy; y hk; jh=; F k; rf; j pia cd;
till we landed on this desert island, since when my fs;skpy;yh g[d;difna tH=;fpaJ. ,e;j iftplg;gl;l
chief delight has been in teaching you, Miranda, and jPit mila[k; tiu ek; czt[ ePoj;jJ. ,ijbay;yhk;
tpl ehd; Twpa tHpfhl;Ljy;fis bfhz;L gyd;bgw;w
well have you profited by my instructions.”
cd;ida[k/; cdf;F fw;gpjj
; jhy; fpilj;j re;njhrnk vdf;F
Kjd;ikahf ,Ue;jJ.
“Heaven thank you, my dear father,” said Miranda. `nfl;Fk; nghnj kpft[k; re;njhrkhf ,Uf;;fpwJ~ mg;gh.
“Now tell me, sir, your reason for raising this sea- `,g; b ghGJ TW=; f s; ma; a h~ `,e; j fly; g[ a iy
storm?” cUthf;fpajd; fhuzj;ij~ vd;whs; kpuhz;lh.
“Know then,” said her father, “that by means of this `gpwF bjhpe;Jbfhs;~ vd;whh; mtSila mg;gh. ,e;j g[ay;
storm, my enemies, the King of Naples, and my @yk; vdJ vjphpfs;/ negypd; murd;/ vd; bfh#u jk;gp
cruel brother, are cast ashore upon this island.” midtUk; ,e;jjPtpd; fiuia mile;Jtpl;ldh;.
Having so said, Prospero gently touched his daughter vd;W Twpf;bfhz;nl jd; ke;jpuf;nfhyhy; jd; kfspd;
with his magic wand, and she fell fast asleep; for jiyia bkd; i kahf bjhl; l hh; . clnd kpuhz; l h
the spirit Ariel just then presented himself before J}=;fptpl;lhs;. Vhpay; mth;fs; Kd; njhd;wpaJ. MdhYk;
his master, to give an account of the tempest, and Vhpay; kpuhz; l htpd; fz; f Sf; F bjhpe; j njapy; i y.
how he had disposed of the ship’s company, and mth;fspd; fye;Jiuahly; btWk; fhw;Wld; elg;ggJnghy;
,Uf;Fk;.
though the spirits were always invisible to Miranda,
Prospero did not choose she should hear him
holding conversation (as would seem to her) with
the empty air.
“Well, my brave spirit,” said Prospero to Ariel, “how Vhpayplk; `ed;W vd; ijhparhyp Mtpna~ vd;w gpuh!;gnuh/
have you performed your task?” vg;go cd; ntiyia bra;jha;> vd;W nfl;lhh;.
Ariel gave a lively description of the storm, and of Vhpay; xU mHfhd tpthpgg; l[ d; me;jg;gaiyg; gw;wp TwpaJ.
the terrors of the mariners; and how the king’s son, fg; g ypy; ,Ue; j th; f spd; gak; nkYk; murdpd; kfd;
Ferdinand, was the first who leaped into the sea; and bgh;odd;l; jhd; Kjypy; fly; kPJ tPH;e;jtd. mtd; je;ij
his father thought he saw his dear son swallowed up jd; kfd; fly; miyfspy; tG=;fg;gl;L ,we;Jtpl;lhd;
by the waves and lost. “But he is safe,” said Ariel, “in vd vz;zpdhh;. Mdhy; mtdh; kfd; ghJfhg;ghf jd;
je;ijahd murdpd; ,wg;ig vz;zp mGJ g[yk;gpf;
a corner of the isle, sadly lamenting the loss of the
bfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhd;.
king, his father.
“That’s my delicate Ariel,” said Prospero. “Bring `mJ jhd; vd; bkdikahd Vhpay;~ vd;w gpuh!;gnuh.
him here: my daughter must see this young prince. mtid ,=;nf bfhz;L th. me;j ,sk; ,sturid vd;
Where is the king, and my brother?” kfs; ghh;f;f ntz;Lk;. v=;nf me;j murh; kw;Wk; vd; jk;gp>
 THE TEMPEST
“I left them,” answered Ariel, “searching for
Ferdinand, whom they have little hopes of finding,
thinking they saw him perish. Of the ship’s crew not
one is missing; though each one thinks himself the
only one saved: and the ship, though invisible to
them, is safe in the harbour.”
Ariel then went to fetch Ferdinand.
g[ay;
`ehd; mth; f is tpl; L tpl; n ld; ~ vd; w J Vhpay; . fg; g y;
JiwKfj; j py; ghJfhg; g hf ,Uf; f pwJ. fg; g ypy; cs; s
midtUnk jh=; f s; kl; L nk caph; gpiHj; j jhf
vz;zpbfhz;L rpwpa msthd ek;gpfi ; fa[ld; bgh;odd;il
njLfpd;wdh;.
Vhpay; bgh;odd;il bfhz;Ltu brd;wJ.

“O my young gentleman,” said Ariel, when he saw `X vd; ,sk; rPkhnd~/ vd;w Vhpay;. `ehd; cd;id tpiutpy;
him, “I will soon move you. You must be brought, ,=; f pUe; J Tl; o r; bry; y g; n ghfpnwd; / mHfpa bgz;
I find, for the Lady Miranda to have a sight of your kpuhz;lhit ghh;ff ; ,e;j mHfhd kdpjd; bfhz;Ltug;gl
pretty person. Come, sir, follow me.” ntz;Lk;. `thU=;fs; vd;id gpd; bjhlU=;fs;~ vd;wJ.
He followed in amazement the sound of Ariel’s Vhpaypd; Fuiy nfl; L Mr; r hpak; mile; j mtd;
voice, till it led him to Prospero and Miranda, who bghpa kuj; j pdoapy; mkh; e ; j pUe; j kpuhz; l hita[ k ;
were sitting under the shade of a large tree. Now gpuh!; g nuhita[ k ; re; j pf; F k; tiu gpd; bjhlh; e ; j hd.
Miranda had never seen a man before, except her kpuhz; l h j; d je; i jia jtpu ntW kdpjid Kd; g [
own father. ghh;j;jnjapy;iy.
“Miranda,” said Prospero, “tell me what you are `kpuhz;lh~/ mt;tplj;jpy; vd;d ghh;f;fpd;wha; vd nfl;lhh;.
looking at yonder.”
“O father,” said Miranda, in a strange surprise, “surely X- mg;gh/ vd;d tpe;ij. `mJ epr;rak; xU Mtpahfj;jhd;
that is a spirit. Lord! How it looks about! Believe me, ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;! flt[ns- mJ vg;goapUf;fpwJ vd
it is a beautiful creature. Is it not a spirit?” ghU=;fs;. vd;id ek;g[=;fs;. mJ kpft[k; mHfhd gilg;g[.
mJ Mtp ,y;iyah mg;gh>
“No, girl,” answered her father; “it eats, and sleeps, `,y;iy/ kfns. mJ rhg;gpLk;/ J}=;Fk; ek;ik nghynt
and has senses such as we have. This young man you mjw; F k; czh; t [ f s; cz; L. eP ghh; f ; F k; ,e; j kdpjd;
see was in the ship. He is somewhat altered by grief, jhd; eP fg;gypy; ghh;j;jJ jd; rfhfis ,He;J/ njoajhy;
or you might call him a handsome person. He has ftiyapy; bfh+;rk; khwpapUf;fpwhd;. eP mtid mHfd;
lost his companions, and is wandering about to find vd;nw miHf;fyhk; vd;W gjpy; Twpdhh;.
them.”
Miranda, who thought all men had grave faces kpuhz;lh midj;J Mz;fSk; jd; mg;ghit nghynt
and grey beards like her father, was delighted with bts; i s jhoa[ k ; / rtf; f isa[ k ; bfhz; l th; f shf
the appearance of this beautiful young prince; and ,Ug;ghh;fs; vd;W epidj;jhs;. Mdhy; mHfpa ,sk;
Ferdinand, seeing such a lovely lady in this desert ,sturdpd; njhw; w j; i j fz; L kfpH; r ; r paile; j hs; .
place, and from the strange sounds he had heard, bgh;odd;l;k; ,J nghd;w mHfpa bgz;iz ,g;go xU
tdhe;juj;jpy; fz;L mjprapj;jhd;. mjprakhd xypia
expecting nothing but wonders, thought he was
nfl;L ,e;jj; jPt[ khaj;jPt[ vd;Wk; ,=;Fs;s jPtpd; bgz;
upon an enchanted island, and that Miranda was flt[s; kpuhz;lh vd;Wk; epidj;J ngr Muk;gpj;jhd;.
the goddess of the place, and as such he began to
address her.
 THE TEMPEST g[ay;
She timidly answered, she was no goddess, but a ehd; rhjhuz bgz; . ehd; bgz; flt[ s ; ,y; i y vd
simple maid, and was going to give him an account jaf;fj;Jld; jd;idg;gw;wp kpuhz;lh brhy;Yk;nghnj
of herself, when Prospero interrupted her. He was gpuh!; g nuh mtis ,lkwpj; j hh; . mth; f s; ,UtUk;
well pleased to find they admired each other, but j=;fis jh=;fs; nghw;Wtij fz;L re;njhrkile;jhh;.
to try Ferdinand’s constancy, he resolved to throw MdhYk; bgh;odd;l; I nrhjpff ; epidj;J mtDf;F epiwa
nrhjidfis je;jhh;. fLikahd Fuypy; ,sturdplk;
some difficulties in their way: therefore advancing
ngrpdhh;. `eP xU csthsp~ ,e;j jPtpd; murdplkpUe;J
forward, he addressed the prince with a stern air, jpUor; bry;ynt ,=;F te;Js;sha; `vd;id gpd; bjhlh;~
telling him, he came to the island as a spy, to take vd;wth;. cd;id fGj;J/ ghjk; ,uz;ila[k; ,izj;J
it from him who was the lord of it. “Follow me,” fl;onghLfpnwd;/ eP fly; ePiuj;jhd; Fof;f ntz;Lk;. Xl;L
said he, “I will tie your neck and feet together. You kPida[k; fha;e;j ntiua[k;/ nrhsj;jpd; ckpiaa[k; kl;Lk;
shall drink sea-water; shell-fish, withered roots, jhd; eP rhg;gpl ntz;Lk; vd;whh;. `,y;iy~/ `ehd; ,ij
and husks of acorns shall be your food.” “No,” said bra;akhl;nld;~ vd;W Twpagona jd; this cUtpdhd;.
Ferdinand, “I will resist this” and drew his sword; Mdhy; gpuh!;gnuh jd; ke;jpuf;nfhiy Ml;o mtid Xnu
but Prospero, waving his magic wand, fixed him to ,lj;jpy; Mlhky; epw;f bra;Jtpl;lhh;.
the spot where he stood, so that he had no power to
move.
Miranda hung upon her father, saying, “Why are kpuhz; l h jd; mg; g htpd; kP J rha; e ; J `Vd; ,t; t st[
you so ungentle? Have pity, sir; I will be his surety. fLikahf ele; J bfhs; f pwP h ; f s; ~ ,uf; f k; fhl; L =; f s; ~
This is the second man I ever saw, and to me he Iah vd Twpdhs;. ehd; ghh;j;j 2tJ kdpjd; kpft[k;
seems a true one.” cz; i kahdtdhf fhzg; g Lfpwhd; . ehd; mtDf; F
cWjpaspf;fpnwd; vd;whs;.
“Silence,” said the father: “one word more will `mikjp~/ `,d;Dk; xU thh;j;ij ngrpdhs; ehd; cd;id
make me chide you, girl! What! An advocate for foe;J bfhs;ntd;~ bgz;nz- vd;d> xU Vkhw;WfhuDf;fhf
an impostor! You think there are no more such thjhLfpwhah> eP fspgida[k; ,tida[k; ghh;j;J ntW
fine men, having seen only him and Caliban.” This ahUnk ey;yth;fs; ,y;iy vd;w Kotpw;F te;Jtpl;lhah>
he said to prove his daughter’s constancy; and she vd Twpdhh;. `mg;gh vd; md;g[ kpft[k; vspikahdJ vdf;F
ve;j xU rpwe;j bgha;fhuida[k; ghh;f;f Mirapy;iy~ vd
replied, “My affections are most humble. I have no
gjpyspj;jhs;.
wish to see a goodlier man.”
“Come on, young man,” said Prospero to the Prince; `th- ,s+nd~ vd;id kjpf;fhky; fPH;goahky; ,Uf;f
“you have no power to disobey me.” cdf;F rf;jpapy;iy~ vd Twpdhh; gpuh!;gnuh.
Prospero had commanded Ferdinand to pile up gpuh!; g nuh rpy fdkhd kuf; f l; i lfis Ftpf; F k; g o
some heavy logs of wood. Kings’ sons not being fl;lisapl;oUe;jhh;. murdpd; kfd; vd;gjhy; ,Jnghd;w
much used to laborious work, Miranda soon after fodkhd ntiyfis bra;J gHf;fk; ,y;iy. mjdhy;
found him almost dying with fatigue. “Alas!” said mtd; behe;J ngha;tpl;lij fz;l kpuhz;lh/ ma;nah-
,t;thW fodkhf ntiy bra;a ntz;lhk;. mg;gh goj;Jf;
she, “do not work so hard; my father is at his studies,
bfhz;oUf;fpwhh;. mth; tu 3 kzpneuk; MFk;. mJtiu
he is safe for these three hours; pray rest yourself.”
eP=;fs; Xa;btL=;fs; vd;whs;.
“O my dear lady,” said Ferdinand, “I dare not. I must vd; ,dpa bgz;nz- vdf;F ijhpakpy;iy. vdf;F je;j
finish my task before I take my rest.” ntiyia Xa; b tLg; g jw; F Kd; Koj; J tpl ntz; L k;
vd;whd; bgh;odd;l;.
 THE TEMPEST g[ay;
“If you will sit down,” said Miranda, “I will carry `eP = ; f s; bfh+; r k; cf; f hh; e ; J bfhz; l hy; ehd; c=; f s;
your logs the while.” But this Ferdinand would by fl;ilfis bfh+;rneuk; J}f;Fntd;~ vd;whs; kpuhz;lh.
no means agree to. ,g; b ghGJ xj; J f; b fhs; t ijj; jtpu ntWtHpapy; i y
bgh;odd;l;f;F.
Prospero, who had enjoined Ferdinand this task gpuh!;gnuh/ ,ij vy;yhk; fz;L kfpH;rrpaile;jhd;. mth;
merely as a trial of his love, was not at his books, as jd; gog;giwapy; ,y;yhky; mth;fs; fz;fSf;F bjhpahky;
his daughter supposed, but was standing by them kiwe;J epd;W mth;fs; ngRtij xl;L nfl;lhh;.
invisible, to overhear what they said.
Ferdinand inquired her name, which she told, bgh;oddl; mtsJ bgaiu nfl;lhd;. mg;ghtpd; fl;lisia
saying it was against her father’s express command kPwp mts; midj;ija[k; Twpdhs;.
she did so.
And then Ferdinand, in a fine long speech, told gpd; bgh;oddl; xU ePz;l ciuia Twp ehd; jhd; negypd;
the innocent Miranda he was heir to the crown of thhpR. eP jhd; vd; uhzp vd mg; g htp kpuhz; l htplk;
Naples, and that she should be his queen. Twpdhd;.
Prospero then appeared before them. gpuh!;gnuh gpd; mth;fs; Kd; njhd;wpdhh;.

“Fear nothing, my child,” said he; “I have overheard,
and approve of all you have said. And, Ferdinand,
if I have too severely used you, I will make you
rich amends, by giving you my daughter. All your
vexations were but trials of your love, and you
have nobly stood the test. Then as my gift, take my
daughter.”
When Prospero left them, he called his spirit Ariel,
who quickly appeared before him, eager to relate
what he had done with Prospero’s brother and the
King of Naples. Ariel said he had left them almost
out of their senses with fear, at the strange things
he had caused them to see and hear. When fatigued
with wandering about, and famished for want of
food, he had suddenly set before them a delicious
banquet, and then, just as they were going to eat, he
appeared visible before them in the shape of a harpy,
a voracious monster
with wings, and the feast vanished away. Then, to
their utter amazement, this seeming harpy spoke
to them, reminding them of their cruelty in driving
Prospero from his dukedom, and leaving him and
his infant daughter to perish in the sea; saying, that
for this cause these terrors were suffered to afflict
them.
`gag; g l ntz; l hk; ~ / `FHe; j ha; ~ ehd; eP = ; f s; ngrpa
midj;ija[k; nfl;nld;. mij mDkjpff ; pnwd;. bgh;odd;l;
ehd; cd;id fLikahf elj;jpapUe;jhy; vd; kfis
cdf; F je; J mjw; F <Lfl; L fpnwd; . ,t; t hW cd; i d
elj;jpaJ cd; fhjiy gw;wp bjhpeJ ; bfhs;snt. ghpli ; rapy;
eP njwp tpll; ha;. ,Jjhd; vd; ghpR/ vLj;Jf;bfhs; vd; kfis
vd;whh; gpuh!;gnuh.
mth;fis tpl;L brd;w gpd; gpuh!;gnuh jd; Kd; njhd;wpa
Mtp Vhpaiy miHj; J gpuh!; g nuhtpd; jk; g pf; F k; /
vjphpf; F k; vd; d MdJ vd; g ij mwpe; j hh; / Vhpay;
mth;fis gaj;jpy; jd; Raepidtpid kwf;Fk; epiyapy;
tpl;Ltpl;ljhft[k;/ grpahy; thLk; mth;fs; fz;Kd; rhg;ghL
njhd;Wk;goa[k;/ jpObud nfl;Fk; xypfs; @ykhft[k;/
mth; f s; rhg; g pl bjhl=; F k; n ghJ ,wf; i f Kisj; j
uhl;rrd; totpy; mth;fs; Kd; njhd;wp tpUe;ij kiwa
itj;jJld; FHe;ijahd kuhz;lhita[k; mth; je;ij
gpuh!;gnuhita[k; flypy; mHpe;Jnghf mth;fs; bra;j
ghtj;ij epidt{lo; ngrpaija[k; TwpaJ. me;j ghtk;jhd;
mth;fis ,e;jepiyf;F bfhz;L te;Jtpl;ljw;F fhuzk;
vd;gij g[hpaitj;jJ.
 THE TEMPEST g[ay;
The King of Naples, and Antonio the false brother, negypd; murDk; me;j bgha;ahd jk;gpak
[ ; gpuh!;gnuht[fF
;
repented the injustice they had done to Prospero. bra;j mePjpf;F tUe;jpdh;.
“Then bring them here, Ariel,” said Prospero. `mth;fis ,=;nf bfhz;L th~/ Vhpay; vd;whh; gpuh!;gnuh.
Ariel soon returned with the king, Antonio, and old Vhpay;/ murd;/ gpuh!;gnuhit g[j;jfk;/ czt[/ cil je;J
Gonzalo. This Gonzalo was the same who had so fhg;ghw;wp cjtpa fhd;!nyh/ jpwe;j glfpy; mHpal;Lk; vd
kindly provided Prospero formerly with books and flypy; tpl;l jPa jk;gp Mfpnahiu miHj;Jte;jJ.
provisions, when his wicked brother left him, as he
thought, to perish in an open boat in the sea.
Grief and terror had so stupefied their senses, that JaUk;/ tUj;jk; ,jdhy; NHg;gl;l mth;fshy; Kjypy;
they did not know Prospero. He first discovered gpuh!;gnuhit milahsk; fhz Koatpy;iy/ mth; jd;
himself to the good old Gonzalo, calling him the thH;it fhg;ghw;wpatnu vd fhd;!hnyhit miHj;jhh;.
preserver of his life; and then his brother and the mjd; gpwnf mth;jhd; gpuh!;gnuh vd;gij czh;e;jdh;.
king knew that he was the injured Prospero.
Antonio with tears, and sad words of sorrow and true cz;ikapy; kdk; jpUe;jpa gpuh!;gnuh jd; fz;zhP ; kw;Wk;
repentance, implored his brother’s forgiveness and nrhfkhd thh;j;ijfshy; jd; mz;zdplk; kd;dpg;g[
Prospero forgave them; and, upon their engaging to nfl;lhd;. jd; ehl;ila[k; jpUk;gjUtjhf Twpdhd;. `negypd;
restore his dukedom, he said to the King of Naples, murdplk; c=;fSf;Fk; vd;dplk; ghpR cs;sJ ~vd;W Twpa
“I have a gift in store for you too;” and opening a gpuh!; g nuh fjit jpwe; J kpuhz; l ht[ k ; bgh; o dd; l ; k ;
rJu=;fk; tpisahLtij fhl;odhh; gpuh!;gnuh.
door, showed him his son Ferdinand playing chess
with Miranda.
Nothing could exceed the joy of the father and flypy; @H;fp ,we;Jtpl;ljhf fUjpa mg;ght[k; kfDk;
the son at this unexpected meeting, for they each vjphg; huhky; re;jpjJ
; f; bfhz;ljpy; bgUkfpHr; r; p mile;jdh;.
thought the other drowned in the storm.
The King of Naples was almost as much astonished negypd; murd;/ kpuhz;lhtpd; mHifa[k; espdj;ija[k;
at the beauty and excellent graces of the young fz;L tpae;jhh;. ahh; ,e;j bgz;> vd; kfDld; ,Ue;jts;/
Miranda, as his son had been. “Who is this maid?” vd nfl; l hh; . ,ts; j hd; ,e; j gpuh!; g nuhtpd; kfd;
said he; “She is the daughter to this Prospero, who is g[fH;bgw;w kpydpd; murd; vd;W nfs;tpgl;L ,d;Wtiu
the famous Duke of Milan, of whose renown I have ghh;j;pjlhj gpuh!;gnuhtpd; kfs; mtuhy;jhd; ehd; ,d;W
xU g[jpa thH;it mile;Js;nsd;. jd; kfis vd;fF
heard so much, but never saw him till now: of him
je;J vdf;F ,d;bdhU je;ijahf cs;shh; vd bgh;odd;l;
I have received a new life: he has made himself to Twpdhd;.
me a second father, giving me this dear lady,” said
Ferdinand
“No more of that,” said Prospero: “let us not `mjw; F nky; ntz; l hk; ~ / `ek; i k Jd; g [ W j; j pa fle; j
remember our troubles past, since they so happily fhyj; i j epidf; f ntz; l hk; ~ vd; w gpuh!; g nuh ehd;
have ended.” And then Prospero embraced his ,d;W re;njhrkhf ,Uf;fpnwhk; vd;W Twp jd; jk;gpia
brother, and again assured him of his forgiveness. fl;o jGtpdhh;. mth; jk;gpia kd;dpj;jij kWgoa[k;
cWjpgLj;jpdhh;.
Prospero now told them that their ship was safe in gpuh!;gnuh mth;fspd; fg;gy; JiwKfj;jpy; gj;jpukhf
the harbour, and the sailors all on board her, and ,Uf;fpwJ vd;Wk; ehis fhiy mth; mth; kfSld; cld;
that he and his daughter would accompany them tUthh; vd;Wk; Twpdhh;.
home the next morning.
 THE TEMPEST g[ay;
Before Prospero left the island, he dismissed Ariel me; j jP i t tpl; L fpsk; g [ k ; Kd; gpuh!; g nuh ,dpa
from his service, to the great joy of that lively little re;njhrkhd Fl;o Vhpaiy mjd; gzpapypUe;J tpLtpjj; hh;.
spirit.

TEXTUAL GLOSSARY

Word Glossary
tormenting (v) making someone suffer or worry a log
dreadful (adj.) extremely bad or unpleasant
duke (n) a man of very high social rank in some European countries; a king
deprive (v) to take something important or necessary away from someone
resistance (n) the act of fighting against something
fatige (n) extreme tiredness
vexation (n) worry or anger
famished (adj.) extremely hungry
voracious (adj.) very eager for something
repent (v) to be very sorry for something bad you have done

A. Choose the correct answer.

1. ______________ was the chief of all spirits.
a) Sycorax b) Caliban c) Ariel d) Prospero Ans: c)
2. ______________ raised a dreadful storm.
a) Ariel b) Prospero c) Miranda d) Sycorax Ans: b)
3. Miranda was brought to the island ___________ years ago.
a) fourteen b) ten c) twelve d) five Ans: c)
4. Prospero ordered Ariel to bring ___________ to his place.
a) Gonzalo b) Ferdinand c) King of Naples d) Antonio Ans: b)
5. ______________ had provided Prospero formerly with books and provisions.
a) Antonio b) Ferdinand c) Gonzalo d) Antonio Ans: c)
6. The second human being that Miranda saw on the island was _____________.
a) Ariel b) Prospero c) Ferdinand d) Gonzalo Ans: c)

B. Identify the character or speaker.

1. He imprisoned the spirits in the bodies of large trees. - Sycoran
2. He was the chief of all spirits. - Ariel
3. It seems to me like the recollection of a dream. - Prospero
 4. I was Duke of Milan, and you were a princess. - Prospero
5. What a trouble must I have been to you then! - Miranda
6. Now pray tell me, sir, your reason for raising this sea-storm? - Miranda
I will soon move you. - Ariel
7.
8. I will tie you neck and feet together. - Prospero
9. I must finish my task before I take my rest.” - Ferdinand
10. He repented and implored his brother’s forgiveness. - Antonio

C. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

1. Who were the inhabitants of the island?

Prospero an old man and his daughter, Miranda, a very beautiful young lady.

2. What flowers did Prospers posses?

Prospero could comman the winds and the waves of the sea.

3. Who was Caliban? What was he employed for?

Caliban was the son of Ariel's old enemy, Sycorax. He was employed like a slave to fetch wood, and do
the most laborious offices.

4. Who were on the ship? How were they related to Prospero?

i) Antonio - Prospero's younger brother
ii) King of Naples
iii) Ferdinand - King's son
iv) Gonzalo - Lord in Prospero's court

5. Why had propero raised a violet storm in the sea?

Prospero raised a violent storm in the sea so that his enemies could be cast ashore upon the island.

6. How did Miranda feel when her father raised the storm to destroy the ship?
Miranda felt very sad and requested her father to have pity on those people in the ship.

7. What was Ariel ordered to do with the people on the ship?

Ariel was ordered to dispose of the ship's company and create terror among the mariners.

8. Give two reasons why Miranda was so concerned about ferdinand.

Miranda was so concerned about Ferdinand because he was the second man sh had ever seen and he
seemed to be a true person according to her.

9. Why dis Prospero set ferdinand a severe task to perform?

Prospero set Ferdinand a sever task to perform to check if Ferdinand was constant in his love for Miranda.

10. How was Gonzalo helpful to Prospero when he left Milan?

Gonzalo loved Prospero. He had privately placed in the boat water, provisions, apparel and some books
which Propero had valued much.
D. Answer the questions in a paragraph of about 100 – 150 words.

1. Write a detailed character sketch of Prospero.

PROSPERO - THE PROTAGONIST
Prospero is the main character in 'The Tempest'. At times Prospero is a sympathetic character who
is mistreated by his brother, Antonio; at other times, he is an unsympathetic character because the uses
magic to control other people. Prospero in sister that other listen to him even when they do not want to.
A SKILLFUL MAGICIAN
Prospero is skilled magically and uses magic to create storms, provide entertainment, manipulate
others and exercise power and control over the lives of others. He enjoys knowledge and learning.
A DOMINANT PERSONALITY
Prospero wants to control those around him. He commands Ariel, his magical agent, to conjure
tempest and cause the ship to crach. He also order caliban to be his slave. He tasts ferminand to find if
her is constant in his love.
REVENGEFUL BUT MERCIFUL
With his magic power he creates a storm by which Antonio and others suffer in the sea but he shows
his benevolence when he forgives them when whey repent.
LOVING AND KING
Prospero was kind to his daughter Miranda. He doesnot wish to inflict much pain on antonio and
others in the ship. Though he is stern with Ferdinand he is affectionate to him.

2. Narrate how Prospero made his enemies repent to restore his dukedom.
Prospero had mastered the art of magic with the magical power he could order the god spirits.
With their help Prospero could command the winds and the waves of the sea. By his orders they raised
a violent storm. He wanted the King of Naples and Antonio, his cruel brother, to be cast ashore upon his
island. Ariel, the chief of the spirits, Ferdinand, king's son, jumped into the sea but was safe in the corner
of the island. He lamented the loss of the king, his father. On the otherhand his father thought that his
son had been swallowed up and lost in the sea. Ariel had caused tremendous sufferings to the enemies.
They were terribly frightened to see and hear strange things. They were very hungry and famished for
want of food. Ariel set a before them a delicious banquet and appeared before then as a happy. When
they were about eat the feast vanished. This was done to make them realise their cruelty to Prospero.
The king of Naples and Antonio repented the injustice they had done.

E. Rearrange the following sentences in coherent order.

4 He ordered Ariel to torment the inmates of the ship.
6 Miranda was attracted by Ferdinand and had more concern towards him.
1 Prospero and Miranda came to an island and lived in a cave.
10 Prospero forgave them and restored his dukedom, Milan.
3 He raised a violent storm in the sea to wreck the ship of his enemies.
7 Prospero wanted to test Ferdinand and gave a severe task to perform.
2 Using his powers, Prospero released the good spirits from large bodies of trees.
9 The King of Naples, and Antonio the false brother, repented the injustice they had done to Prospero.
5 Ariel was instructed to bring Ferdinand, the prince of Naples to his cave.
8 Ferdinand was the second human whom Miranda had seen after her father.