EE322 LAB3 report

“MULTISTAGE AMPLIFIER”

Instructor: Thanh

Group 1: Nguyen Tuan Anh

Nguyen Hong Ky

Ta Quoc Khanh
Procedure 1 Differential amplifier

Using the solderless breadboard, construct the circuit shown in Fig. E3.1 using the following components:

R1 = 100 k 5% 1/4 W

R2 = 330  5% 1/4 W

R3 = 5 k potentiometer

Q1 = 2N3904 npn BJT

+10V +10V

R3
VDD
5k POT
PPS1

R2
330
OUTPUT SCOPE CH-2
V1
R1 Q1
Signal generator 2N3904
100k
GND GND SCOPE GND

INPUT SCOPE CH-1

Measurement 1:

Question 1:

a. From the measured VTC, is the npn common emitter stage inverting or non-inverting?
- the npn common emitter stage is inverting.
b. Explain why the VTC does not exhibit a saturation segment when the value of R2 + R3 is reduced
to below a certain point.
- Explain why R1 is needed in the circuit of Fig. E3.1. I.e., why can’t the lab transformer be directly
connected to the base of Q1? If this totally stumps you, short out R1 in the circuit and see what
happens; just be prepared to buy a new 2N3904 from the stockroom, along with some new
transformer fuses!
- The ac source itself has a certain internal impedance (about 50Ω), so we use R1 to make the
input resistance become higher. This will server 3 purposes:
- With high value of input resistance, when using the voltage division, we can see that almost
voltage from the ac source will be transferred to BJT, means that vsource ≈ vin.
- The power could be reduced, since:
2
𝑣𝑖𝑛
𝑃=
𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒 + 𝑅𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝐽𝑇

c. The lager the value of R is, the smaller the value of power is.
- Larger value of input resistance will make the current going to the BJT more stable.

Procedure 2 Active loads---a simple opamp

Set-Up Construct the circuit shown in Fig. E3.2 on your solderless breadboard using the following
components:

R1 = 10 k 5% 1/4 W

R2 = 100 k 5% 1/4 W

R3 = 1.0 k 5% 1/4 W

R4 = 1.0 kΩ trimpot (if needed to balance the amplifier)

R5 = 15 kΩ 5% 1/4 W

R6 = 43 kΩ 5% 1/4 W

R7 = 620 Ω 5% 1/4 W

R8 = 3.3 k 5% 1/4 W

Q1, Q2, Q3 = 2N3904 npn BJT

 Q4, Q5, Q6 = 2N3906 pnp BJT

+10V +10V

Q4 Q5 R5 R7
2N3906 2N3906
15k 620
VCC

Q6
PPS1 2N3906

VIN- Q1 Q2 VIN+ R6
2N3904 2N3904
43k
GND GND VOUT

R4 1k POT
R2

100k

VEE Q3
2N3904 R8

PPS2 3.3k
R1 R3

10k 1.0k

-10V -10V

Measurement 2:

Picture

Question 2:

a. From your measured data, calculate the differential-mode voltage gain of the amplifier in
decibells (dB).
𝑉𝑝𝑝 𝑜𝑢𝑡 15.8
𝐴𝑑𝑑 = = = 79 = 37.95 dB
𝑉𝑝𝑝 𝑖𝑛 0.2

b. From your measured data, calculate the common-mode voltage gain of the amplifier in decibells
(dB).

- The common-mode voltage gain Acc = 0.02 / 0.2 = 0.1 = - 20 dB

c. Calculate the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) for this amplifier, expressing the result in
decibells (dB).

𝐴𝑑𝑑 79
- 𝐶𝑀𝑅𝑅 = 𝐴𝑐𝑐
= 0.1 = 790

d. Explain what determines the clipping voltage levels.

- The DC supply voltage determines the clipping voltage levels. Normally, when the BJT be able to
amplifier the input voltage but the DC cannot supply enough power, the signal will be clipped. So
the high supply power, the high clipping level. In addition, this is only right when the BJTs and
other devices work well.
Calculate the gain-bandwidth product for this amplifier.

𝑐 79.3108
The gain-bandwith product 𝜔 = 𝐴𝑜 . 𝜔𝑐 = 79. 𝑓 = 16.4.103 = 1.445𝑀𝐻𝑧

Procedure 3 Complementary class-AB output stage

+10V +10V

R1
VCC 4.7k
Q1
TIP29
PPS1 + C1
10 uF Q3
2N3904
R3
D1
1N4148 5.0
GND GND VIN VOUT

D2 R4
R5 1N4148 RL
5.0
100k Q4 100
+ C2 2N3906
VEE 10 uF
Q2
TIP30
PPS2 R2
4.7k
-10V -10V

Measurement 3

Picture

Question 3:

(3a) Calculate the voltage gain for this output stage.

𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑡 4.80
𝐴𝑣 = = = 0.96
𝑣𝑖𝑛 5

(3b) Comment on any distortion that is seen in the output voltage waveform.

Answer: there is no distortion appears in the output voltage. In compare with the clas-A or B amplifiers,
each transistor in the class AB-amplifier conducts for more than the 1800 of the class-B amplifier but less
than the full 3600 of the class A-amplifier.
 (3c) Calculate the limited value of output current when the short-circuit protection becomes
active.
𝑉𝐵𝐸 0.7𝑉
Answer: 𝐼 = 𝑅
= 5
= 0.14𝐴