Department

•
of Trade and Industry I
CONSTRUCTION 'MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION (�MDF)

BASIC MASONRY WORKS

I .
MASONRY- the art, trade, way of constructing structures. using stones, bricks or concrete
,
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I

Types ....

Dry Masonry- without paste material

Common Masonry - with paste material

Reinforced Masonry - with reinforcements,

Materials Used ...

Paste: cement+ water

Blocks: Stones, rocks, boulders, bricks, concrete {CHB), etc.

I. BASIC MASONRY TOOLS

1. Pipe bender 13. Sledge hammer

2. Bending jig 14. Claw hammer.
3. Hacksaw 15. Cross-cut saw
4. Digging bar 16. Chipping ·hammer
5. Clavv bar 17. Pull-push tape
6. Pointed trowel rs. Plier
7. Spirit level 19. Plumb bob
8. Level hose 20. L-square
9. Steel float
10. Spade
11. Nylon string
12. Wooden float

II. BASIC MENSURATION

Conversion
-=-=-:.: Table
Enalish to Metric Metric to English
1 inch 25.4 millimeter 1 meter 3.28084 feet
2.54 centimeter 1.05669 vard
1 foot 0.3048 meter '
1 vard 0.9144 meter '
1' meter = 1000 millimeter
= 100 centimeter
= 10 decimeter

1 foot = 12 inches
/ .;;(
,... ?.epartment of Trade and Industry ·
CONSTRUCTION MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION (~MDF) ·

III. CONCRETE PROPORTION ., .; ·.~

•J· l

Concrete Proportion per cubic meter using 40 kg bag of portland cement ..

class Proportion cement . isand gravel • ,
:·
A 1:2:4 8.20 ! 0.44 0.88
B 1:2.5:5 6.80 I 0.46 0.88
c 1:3:6 5.80 l 0.47 0.89
D 1:3.5:7 5.32 0.48 0.90

Class A: for beams, slabs, columns, and all other members subjected to bending stress
Class B: for all members not SUGjected to bending stress
Class C: for footing not under water

IV. · CHB lAYING & PlASTERING

Estimated Quantity of Materials per square meter of CHB Wall

Materials 4" CHB 6"CHB
A. Concrete Hollow Block 12.5 12.5
B. Cement 1.2 1.5 baqs
C. Sand 0.033 .056 cu.m.
D. Gravel .0166 .0198 cu.m.
E. Reinforcing bars 0.76 0.76 kq
F. Tie wire #16
- .032 kq
"
... .032 kq

Procedure in CHB Laying

1. Provide batter boards/guide posts on each side of proposed wall
2. Mark each leveled points on each guide post at 21 em and drove a nail
3. Put strings on its leveled points as a guide for the alignment 6f CHB wall
4 . Prepare materials needed for CHB laying
5. Mix cement, sand, water (1:2) as mortar mixture for setting and concrete mixture (1:2:4) for
filler
6. CHB spacing must be 12mm for both vertical and horizontal

Plastering Procedure
1. Verify the required minimum plaster for the CHB wall
2. Put concrete nail on each corner of the wall
3. Have the string attached to each nail, plumb and use it as a guide for the mortar to be
pasted
4. Check embedded materials such as electrical conduits or plumbing works
5. Prepare mortar with 1:2 proportion
6. Paste mortar on the wall in conformance with desired dimension
7. Apply cement after drying for plain cement finish

Pouring For Wall Footing

1.Establish the location of footing per plans and specification
2. Lay-out the desired control points in the batterboard
3. Establish elevation of wall footing
4. E:xcavate the desired width and depth of footing
5. Install the required reinforcement
6. Pour concrete
'7. Department of Trade and Industry
CONSTRUCTION MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION (CMDF)

STEEL REINFORCEMENT IN MASONRY /CONCRETE WORKS

Classes of Reinforcing Bars

Deformed Bars - most commonly used steel bars with lugs, ribs or protrusions rolled into the bar
to increase bonding with concrete

Plain Bars- are steel bars without protrusion and is basically used 'for slab on ground.

Cutting and Bending of Steel Bar

Per Standard SpecifiCation bars must conform to minimum bending requirements:

For 90 degrees bend:

Main bars for column and beams

Nominal Diameter (db) Diameter of finish bend-( D) Arc Lenqth (AL5
8-25 mm 6db S.Sdb
28-36 mm 8db 7.1db

Stirrups and t1es

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Nominal Diameter (db) Diameter of finish bend (D) Arc Lenqth (AL)
8-16 mm 4db 4db
20 25 mm 6db - .. S.Sdb

For 135 degrees bend:

For ties an d st1rrups

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Nominal Diameter (db) Diameter of finish bend (D) Arc Lenqth (AL)
8-16 mm 4db 6db
20 25 mm 6db 8.24db

For 180 deqrees bend use in footinq:

Nominal Diameter (db) Diameter of finish bend (D) Arc Lenqth ( AL)
8-25 mm 6db lldb
28-36 mm 8db 14.1db

Tying Rebars

Snap or single tie- normally used in flat horizontal work to secure reinforcement in position
against displacement · ·

Wrap and snap tie - normally used when tying wall reinforcement holding the bars securely in
position so that horizontal bars do not shift during construction progress or concrete placing.
·' ,~to'.

r Department of Trade and Industry

CONSTRUCTION MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

BASIC REBAR WORKS

Cutting length- the required length of any reinforcing bar (main bars or ties) as indicated in
the plans and specs in conformance with the prevailing codes and engineering practices

Cutting list- a detailed list of all the reinforcing bar requirements and schedule as indicated in
the plans and specs

CUTIING LENGTH {CL)

CL =X± HC
Where :
X- dimension of reinforcement based on plans less required concrete covering
HC - Hook/Bend Correction

Figure:

X' : : 'I

I~ X
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 ·"
SIZES FOR REINFORCING BARS

MARKS SIZE IN MM (NOMINAL DIAMETER) k1\)'QL- :

(NO. OF DOTS)
lnm
1 8 (,z ll\tn

q .GIY111'l
2 10 ct\lt1'{ :

3 12 ftl\ 'Kli.S .

4 16
5 20
6 25
7 28
8 32
9 36

A MANUFACTURERS
MARKING A

PNS GRADE MARKING

DASH

DASH METRIC ENGLISH

NO DAS H
GRAOE 230 33 KIPS I IN SQ.
(

1 DASH ·' GRADE275 40 KIPS I IN SQ.

2 DASH GRADE 415 60 KIPS /IN SQ.

'----
 FORMULA FOR STIRRUP

For D= 4db ( 8 - 16 mm diam.)

X
X- 6db
4 db

-< -< .
•
0>
0.
cr

(..J
0.
4 db

6 db 6 db y- 6 db 4 db X - 6 db 4 db X - 6 db 4 db y- 6 db 6 db 6 db

CUTTING LENGTH= 2X + 2Y + 12 db

ForD= 6db ( 20-25 mm diam.)

X
X- 8db
5.5 db

-< -<
co
0.
cr

5.5 db
..,.
6 db 6 db y- 8 db 5.5 d X- 8 db s.sdb X- 8 db 5.5 d y- 8db 6 db 6 db

CUTTING LENGTH= 2X + 2V + 1~ ~h ID

------
 FORMULA FOR COLUMN

FOR D =6db (8 - 25 mm dlam.)

~~

.0
-o
..q-
I

>- >-

11 ~ --~
5.5 db
4db X -4db

-- X
-
-....

y- 4 db 5.5 db X- 4db

CUTTING LENGTH =Y + X -2.5 db

FOR D = Bdb (26- 32 mm diem.)

>-

.n
U)

Sdb X - 5db

X
y- 5 db .. 7.1 db X- 5db

CUTTING LENGTH= Y +X -2.9 db

 FOR 0 = 10db (36 mm dlam.)

..0
"0
(.0

>- >-

6db X -6db

X
y- 6 db 8.63 db X -:-6db

CUTTING LENGTH =Y + X -3.37 db

FORMULA FOR FOOTING

4 db FOR 0 = 6db ( 8-25 mm 01am. ) 4db

11 db _J~ PJ,~ 11 db
4"db X- 8 db. 4db

A db 11 db X- 8 db 11 db 4 db

CUTTING LENGTH ::: X + 22 db

 FOR o~ 8db ( 28-36 mm Diam. )

4db 4db

14.3 .3db
X- 10 db 5db

. X

4 db 14.3 d ~ X- 10 db 14.3 db 4 db

CUTTING LENGTH = X + 26.26 db

MANUAL BENDING FOR STIRRUP

STEP # 1 : Bending of 135° Hook

6 db
Pipe bender
REBAR CUTTING LIST
Project N a m e : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lo c a t i o n : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
No. of
Type Figure Size Location No. of Pes. Cutting No. of Pes. Lengths Excess Remarks
(mm) Required Length per Lengttl Required
Main Bar- 25 FTG-1 ~ 1200 5 -2r ~ ··utilized excess from Col-1
FTG 76 16 1- 5000 Utilized to other structures
c:: -:-1 s~ ....
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Main Bar 25 Col1 56 1250 ...k' ~ 14- 1000 Utilized excess from Col 1-L
Cei".Straigbt 0 0 0 shape
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Main Bar- 25 Col1 56 3150 1 56 56-2850 Use 56-1250 for Col 1
Col- L
'

Col Ties-1
L 10 Col1 140 980 6 24 24- 120
straight bar
Use 56- 1200 for Footing
Waste 56-400
Waste

Main Bar
D 20 Beam 140 3500 1 140 140-2500
>

Utilized to other structures

Beam
~

Stirrups

u 10 Beam 1 120 750 8 15 0

Prepared by:

Resident Engineer t.... .

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