1

METRO MANILA COLLEGE

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE OF STUDIES

This chapter presents some local and foreign literature & studies

related smart-shaming. Relevance to present studies gave a big

picture why this literature and studies from local to foreign are used.

Literature. These are examined articles that were taken from

different websites, articles, memos, books, journals and magazines.

The pieces of information attained helped the researchers in their

study. Below are local and foreign literatures that the researchers

have used as basis of this study.

Local. According to an article Thesis on smart-shaming bags

Student Quill award (2018), being smart is somewhat a curse in

the Philippines. There is an increasing trend of smart-shaming,

wherein there is an opposition and mistrust in intellect and

intellectuals in the country.

According to Secillano (2016) smart-shaming or anti-

intellectualism is the act of mocking someone who is smarter

Our Your
Mission
 2

METRO MANILA COLLEGE

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

than others.

Foreign. Niose (2015) explained that anti-intellectualism was

the cause of social dysfunction in the United States.

Manalo (2016) used Miriam Defensor Santiago as an

illustration of a good president. He pinned the senator’s

accomplishments in her excelling academic record both in the

Philippines and abroad including the notable exception of not

topping the bar exam but the hardest licensure exams in the

country. And according to his article , Miriam is the only

presidential candidate who hold three branches of the

government. In line with this, she earned many awards and

critiques such as Asia’s equivalent to the Nobel Peace Prize and

Ramon Magsaysay award and she was elected as trial judge to

the International Criminal Court. Beside this achievement,

again, she is not exempted to the rumors about her health that

causes everybody to be confuse. Manalo mentioned that the

other accusations about her failed to ranked high in the

Our Your
Mission
 3

METRO MANILA COLLEGE

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Philippine Bar Exam came from smart-shame intelligent people.

Addedly, they also tell that she is suffering brain damage.

Even though she is one of the fiercest legislators the country

had, she is not exempted to the fact that even intelligent

people like her can experience smart-shaming not only from

the people but also to her co-workers. Therefore, no matter

what grades you have, how intelligent you are, you will

encounter smart-shmaing.

Studies

Study. Is a systematic research, examination, identification, and

understanding of the aspects or factors associated with an activity,

event, phenomenon, situation, etc. Often a report is produced at the

end of a study that summarizes its findings and may also include

recommendations on the next step(s) to be taken.

Local. Based on Dacian (2017) Smart shaming is way worse in the

province. While growing up I’ve observed bullying of smart kids

delete their intelligence. This sometimes become traumatic

Our Your
Mission
 4

METRO MANILA COLLEGE

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
experience that lead to those kids not voicing out his/her opinion

anymore. Sometimes they just being themselves who genuinely

what to voice their opinion but still , there is the one person or two

will take it negatively. In short , it’s a no go.

Local. “ Ikaw na Matalino , Kami na Hindi” “ Edi wow” “Ikaw na

Top 1” Smart shaming is the act of shaming other people for the

sole reason of being smart, or in some cases downgrading

themselves or someone else for being dumb this phenomenon is

slowly spreading and will continue to spread unless stopped Meriam

Webster dictionary defines it as an act of opposing or being hostile

to people wish an intellectual view or approach, to simply put it,

smart shaming is the act of contradicting the growth of ideas and in

turns the growth of intellectual conversation. Smart shaming

although not as profound as bullying, is a phenomenon that is slowly

spreading throughout the community, If not put into stop, would

eventually produce negative outcomes towards youth of the country.

It demotes the will of the people to strive for intelligent and above

all smart shaming only leads the youth of today to stop striving for

Our Your
Mission
 5

METRO MANILA COLLEGE

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
excellence for the sole reason of being smart, or in some cases

downgrading themselves or someone else for being dumb. This

cases students and people to not strive for intelligence and

information hence, the alliance of 6 founders of curious minds was

created to impose the stop smart shaming.

Foreign. According to Sta. Romana (2015). She said, she was

motivated to write about smart-shaming when someone said she

was “boastful” when she was talking about issues. “At first I was

pissed, but the incident also made me curious why we Filipinos do

that in our conversations while at the same time insisting that we

value education. It seemed contradictory to me” Sta. Romana said.

In her article, Sta. Romina pointed out to our politicians and our

movies and tv shows as examples of this pervasive embrace of anti-

intellectualism, and noted how science and math skills are valued in

other countries compared to the Philippines.

Our Your
Mission
 6

METRO MANILA COLLEGE

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Citing the late psychologist Virgilio Enriquez’s discussion of “kapwa”

at the core of Filipino psychology Sta. Romana posits in her article

that the Philippine Culture of anti-intellectualism exists not because

we value ignorance, but because we value camaraderie with each

other and we are a nation where “only 42% finished high school and

more than 25% live below poverty line”.

“Sadly, the common Filipino, more often than not, is uneducated

and in poverty”.

She emphasizes the urgent need for more Filipinos to be given the

opportunity to receive education. “Filipinos must be given means to

help them rise over poverty so they can focus on finishing

education’. The solution looks so simple on paper, but it’s not easy

to fix”.

Sta. Romana said that we need to use “kapwa” to raise ourselves

and each other up. “kapwa” or togetherness is wonderful construct,

it makes us who we are. But we can’t keep using it as an excuse to

Our Your
Mission
 7

METRO MANILA COLLEGE

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
celebrate mediocrity and ignorance. If we take the time to look at

the Filipinos achievements, it’s obvious that we can do more and it’s

time for us to expect more from ourselves”.

CHAPTER 3

METHODS OF RESEARCH

This chapter presents the methods and procedures of research

applied to gather the needed data. It contains the research design,

selection of co-researchers, research instruments, and the treatment

of the data.

Research Design

The researchers used phenomenological research method for

this is the most appropriate process of evaluating the lived

experiences of Honor Students in Secondary Education from Smart-

Shaming.

To define Phenomenological Research, Bayne and Montague

(2011) stated that Phenomenological is the study at structures of

consciousness as experienced from the first person point of view.

Our Your
Mission
 8

METRO MANILA COLLEGE

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
The central structure of an experience is its intentionality, its being

directed toward something, as it is experience about some subject.

An experience is directed toward an object by virtue of its content or

meaning (which represents the subject) together with appropriate

enabling conditions.

Selection of co-researchers

The participants of the study are three (3) Honor Students in

Secondary Education who are experiencing Smart-Shaming and was

chosen through purposive sampling technique. A purposive is a non-

profitability sample that is selected based on characteristics of

population and the objective of the study. Purposive sampling is also

known as judgmental, selective or subjective sampling. This type of

sampling can be very useful in situations when you need to reach a

targeted sample quickly and where sampling for proportionality is

not the main concern.

In addition to, Purposive sampling based on changingminds.org

starts with a purpose in mind and the sample is thus selected to

include people of interest and exclude those who do not suit the

Our Your
Mission
 9

METRO MANILA COLLEGE

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
purpose. It is non-profitability and hence can be subject to bias and

error.

Research Instrument

The materials and instruments to be used for gathering data are

interview protocol, voice recording, and pictures.

Interview Protocol

The interview protocol will be used to gather data. Interview

provide information which may be confidential that may not

ordinarily be given in writing. Based on Patton (2015), interview

protocol is an interview guide lists the questions or issues that are

not to be explored in the course of an interview. An interview guide

is prepaid to ensure that the same basic lines of inquiry are pursued

with each person interviewed. The guide provides topics or subjects

areas within which the interview and illuminate that particular

subject.

Voice Recorder

Voice recorder is used in meetings, conferences, and judicial

proceedings all benefit from the use of a recording device. They

Our Your
Mission
 1
0

METRO MANILA COLLEGE

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
have the ability to take statements, quickly and effectively without

losing valuable time or valuable information. Voice recorder in the

research is used for recording the information from the participant

and serve as an evidence of the study.

Picture

As cited in Collins English Dictionary, picture is a particular

image or reality as portrayed in an account or description; depiction;

version. Pictures are used for capturing the participants’ image.

Treatment of Data

In the data analysis, the researchers listened to the records

several times, transcribed the stories, and manually evaluated the

transcripts to derive with the appropriate and relevant themes.

Our Your
Mission