Tugasan 2: Penulisan pernyataan masalah, tujuan, objektif, soalan dan hipotesis

kajian, definisi, operasional pembolehubah kajian & senarai rujukan mengikut gaya
UKM
Article 1: The Impact of Using Music On Teaching English Poetry In Jordanian
Universities.

1. Problem statement: Lack of empirical research papers using music in foreign

language teaching especially in teaching English poetry.

2. Purpose: To investigate the effect of using music on third year students’ performance
in English language poetry.

3. Objective:
To make sure that the use of music for teaching English can improve the third year
students’ performance in English Language poetry.

4. Research Question(s):
- Are there any statistically significant differences (α≤0, 05) in the third year students'
performance in English Language poetry due to the teaching strategies they are
exposed to (using music and traditional way)?
-Are there any statistically significant differences (α≤0, 05) in the third year students'
performance in English Language poetry due to gender?

5. Research Hypothesis:
- Using music for teaching English poetry enhances students to study poems with
entertainment and actually it improves their level in literature as they gain the skills of
analysis and criticism in general.

6. Operational definition of the study variables:

The effect of using music on third year students’ performance in English poetry.

7. Reference(s): Dima Hijazi & Amal Al-natour. 2012. The Impact of Using Music On
Teaching English Poetry In Jordanian Universities. Journal of International Education
Research 8(3): 295-302.
Article 2: Effects of Using Songs on Adult EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Learning

1.Problem statement:
There were some religious and political considerations in Iran which restraint the teachers
from tapping into almost all kinds of foreign songs. They have no choice but to use bookish
songs such as Top Notch Pop Songs which have been granted for class use by Iran Ministry
of Culture and Islamic Guidance. In addition, women are prohibited from singing in this
country therefore this investigation has only focused on male students. The other factor
would be students’ personality characteristics or social status. Some introvert students might
feel shy to sing in front of others.

2.Purpose: To investigate the effect of music on the acquisition of English vocabulary in two
groups of male adult Persian learners of English at intermediate level.

3.Objective:
- To show that the students are more engaged in learning when they were given a chance to
listen to music accompanied with poems.

4.Research Question(s):
- How is the effectiveness of using English songs in vocabulary learning for intermediate male
adult language learners in Iran?

5.Research Hypothesis:
- Using English songs are effective to improve vocabulary learning for Iranian intermediate
male adult language learners.

6.Operational definition of the study variables:

-There is a significant difference between tapping into song listening and prose listening
which indicates the effectiveness of using songs on adults’ vocabulary learning.

7.Reference(s): Azim Javadi-Safa. 2018.effects of Using Songs on Adult EFL Learners’

Vocabulary Learning. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research 5(3): 101-112.
Article 3: Contextualizing Young Learners’ English Lessons with Cartoons.

1.Problem statement:

Traditional methods show that teacher is the central role and the learners became passive’
role. It is not appropriate for the characteristics and needs of young learners and teachers.
The methods, strategies and materials used are not inadequate. These studies also show that
most language teachers do not appeal to young learners’ characteristics and cannot cater for
the need to contextualize language instruction.

2.Purpose:
To evaluate the effectiveness of authentic animated cartoon series “The Simpsons” in teaching
grammar and vocabulary to young Turkish learners of English compared to traditional teaching
sessions in a primary school setting.

3.Objective:
To investigate the effectiveness of authentic animated cartoons in teaching grammar and
vocabulary to young Turkish learners of English.

4.Research Question(s):
1. Is using authentic animated cartoons in language teaching effective?
2. Is there any significant difference between the test scores of the experimental group and
the control group?

5.Research Hypothesis:
Using animated cartoons offer an invaluable way of contextualizing and introducing
authentic language by providing audio visual input.

6.Operational definition of the study variables:

-The experimental group outperformed the control group in learning target grammar points
and vocabulary items.

7.Reference(s): Arfa Arokana & Hayriye Ulau Taraf. 2010. Contextualizing Young Learners’
English Lessons with Cartoons. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2(2): 5212-
5215
Article 4: The Effects of Self-esteem, Age and Gender on the Speaking Skills of
Intermediate University EFL Learners

1.Problem statement:
-There are factors that can inhibit or enhance the process of learning among normal child. the
self-esteem, age and gender might become one of the crucial factors that can determine
success in academic performance.
2.Purpose:
- Aimed at investigating the relationship between self-esteem, age and gender on the one
hand and speaking skills on the other hand.

3.Objective:
- The level of learners' self-esteem has a significant effect on the fluency of learners' speaking.

4.Research Question(s):
- Is there any significant relationship between self-esteem and speaking skills among
intermediate Persian EFL learners?
- Is there any significant relationship between males and females in terms of speaking skills
among intermediate Persian EFL learners?
- Is there any significant relationship between age and speaking skills among intermediate
Persian EFL learners?

5.Research Hypothesis:
- There is no significant relationship between self-esteem and speaking skills of EFL learners.
- There is no relationship between gender and speaking skills among EFL learners.
- There is no relationship between age and speaking skill among Persian EFL learners.

6.Operational definition of the study variables:

-The implication of self-esteem, age and gender on the speaking skills among EFL learners.

7.Reference(s): Bahareh Koosha, Saeed Ketabi & Zohreh Kassaian. 2011. The Effects of
Self-esteem, Age and Gender on the Speaking Skills of Intermediate University EFL
Learners. 2011. Theory and Practice in Language Studies 1(10): 1328-1337
Article 5: Developing EFL Learners’ Narrative Writing Through Using Short Stories-The Case
of Al-Baha University Students

1.Problem statement:

Students have problems with writing narrative essays and stories attributed to different learning
factors or teaching environments.

2.Purpose:

To show the significance of teaching short stories in developing students narrative writing.

3.Objective:

To explore different ways to enhance students narrative writing skills rather than relying on
existing traditional methods.

4.Research Question(s):

-To what extent teaching short stories develops students' narrative writing?
-To what extent teaching short stories promotes the correct use of elements of the story?
-To what extent teaching short stories helps students to relate events chronologically in their
writing?

5.Research Hypothesis:

-Teaching short stories positively contributes to enhancing students' narrative writing of essays
and stories.
- Since teaching short stories focuses on characterization, plot, point of view, themes and other
elements it can add to students' knowledge of these elements.
- Teaching stories help students to relate events as they happen because almost all fictions
relate events chronologically.

6.Operational definition of the study variables:

-The implications of teaching short stories in developing students’ narrative writing.

7.Reference(s): Ahmad Abdalla Saeed. 2015. Developing EFL Learners’ Narrative Writing
Through Using Short Stories-The Case of Al-Baha University Students. European Journal of
English Language and Literature Studies 3(4): 1-8