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Study the behaviour of cold form c-section purlins under bending

Article  in  International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology · May 2018

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 9, Issue 5, May 2018, pp. 964–968, Article ID: IJCIET_09_05_106
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=5
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

STUDY THE BEHAVIOUR OF COLD FORM C-

SECTION PURLINS UNDER BENDING
Kushalkumar Yadav
M.Tech (Structural Engineering),
Shri Ramdeobaba college of Engineering and Managment, Nagpur

Dr. Prashant D. Hiwase

Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering,
Shri Ramdeobaba college of Engineering and Management, Nagpur

Dr. Ramesh V. Meghrajani

Director, NEO Infrastructure Consultants Nagpur

ABSTRACT
Frames are the primary members in the buildings built using cold-formed sections and
Purlins are the secondary members offers a viable alternative solution for wide range
applications of social sectors like education housing etc. Design of cold formed sections
has obvious complexity in view of buckling of sections vis-à-vis stress in the compression
element, especially in flexure. In this study, using IS801 equations, effective section
properties of C section are calculated for wide range of configurations with different b/t
ratios for flange subjected to maximum allowable stress. Recourse is made to compare the
results with similar studies using AISI code. Deflection in the member is also has been
calculated with sag rod and without sag rod in ANSYS and comparison is done between
them.
Keywords: b/t ratio, Cold-formed steel (CFS), effective width, flexural strength,
slenderness limit.
Cite this Article: Kushalkumar Yadav, Dr. Prashant D. Hiwase and Dr. Ramesh V.
Meghrajani, Study the Behaviour of cold form C-section Purlins under bending,
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(5), 2018, pp. 964–968.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=5

1. INTRODUCTION
Pre Engineered Buildings are metal building systems in which the structural elements are
factory-made and then assembled at the site in accordance with the design. Pre-engineered
building elements are principally made of cold form steel. Primary attractions of cold form
steel are lightweight, less tolerances, economic, optimized, etc.

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 Study the Behaviour of cold form C-section Purlins under bending

A Pre Engineered Building (PEB) mainly consists of a steel frame as primary framing and
cold form purlins and sheeting for roof and walls as secondary framing. Purlins and girts are
roll formed C or Z section. Girts are beams subjected to irregular bending. These support
vertical dead load from the sliding and horizontal wind loads. Cold formed sections are thin
walled steel section. Cold formed sections has highly slender webs and flanges and used as a
primary & secondary structure for flexural and compression member. Cold formed sections
have various advantages such as high strength to weight ratio, high corrosion resistance, and
ease of fabrication. In case of cold formed sections, thickness is very less hence lateral &
torsional Buckling will occurs in such Sections due to impact of loads. The strength of
members made of such thin sections depends on their slenderness ratio. Higher strengths can
be obtained by reducing the slenderness ratio i.e. by increasing the moment of inertia of the
cross-section. Similarly, the strengths of beams can be increased, by increasing the moment of
inertia of the cross-section. And for given cross-sectional area, higher moment of inertia can
be obtained by making the sections thin-walled.

2. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
2.1. Assumptions
The whole study has been concentrated on following assumptions,
1. C-section with lips is considered for analysis.
2. Section is predominantly in flexure.
3. Only compression flange shall undergo buckling.
4. Though compression flange undergoes buckling, shift in neutral axis towards
tension
Flange is negligible. (Ref. figure 1)

2.2. Shifting of Neutral Axis

In case of flexure member only top flange buckle and area concentration shifts toward bottom
tension fiber and neutral axis shifts downward with small amount of eccentricity (δ) as shown
in following figure 1.

Figure 1 Stress distribution and shifting of neutral axis

2.3. Data considered for analysis

Sections considered for calculation of gross and effective sectional properties as,

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 Kushalkumar Yadav, Dr. Prashant D. Hiwase and Dr. Ramesh V. Meghrajani

Table 1 Configuration of sections

Web Depth Flange Width Lip Depth Thickness

(b) (t)
Mm mm mm mm
60 20 1.5
65 20 1.7
70 20 1.9
200 75 20 2.1
80 20 2.3
85 20 2.5
90 20
Internal radius of curvature (ri) = 3mm
Buckled area (A) to be deducted for calculation of effective sectional properties,

Figure 2 Element for calculation of sectional properties

• Effective properties of C-sections are calculated as per IS: 801-1975 and AISI-
2007.
• The structural parameters namely effective width to thickness, effective width to
gross width, effective moment of inertia to gross moment of inertia are calculated
for Indian codes IS:801-1975 and comparison are done with calculations as per
AISI- 2007.
• The various combinations of respective parameters for observing quick access of
design parameters are discuss further.

3. ANALYSIS
3.1. Graphical representation
The below mention graphs shows graphical representation of parameters of Indian code IS:
801-1975 and compared with AISI-2007.
a. Graph for effective flange width to gross flange width versus flange width to
thickness ratio for Indian standard code IS 801:1975 and AISI-2007.

Figure 3 be/b versus b/t for Indian code and American code

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 Study the Behaviour of cold form C-section Purlins under bending

The value have been calculated as per the methodology explain in Indian code and
American code and trend line equations are,
be/b = -0.010 * (b/t) + 1.230 …(1) ---for Indian code and
be/b = -0.013 * (b/t) + 1.467 …(2) ----for American code.

3.2. ANSYS Analysis

Section 200x60x1.5,
Lip=20mm,
Span=8m

Figure 4 Deformation without sag rod

Figure 5 Deformation with sag rod

Table 2 Indicates the deformation values with and without sagrod

Section :200x60x1.5x20 Span=8m
Deformation(m) Strain Stress (Pa)
Without sag rod 0.07789 0.0019083 3.8167e8
With sag rod 0.00025827 0.00037764 0.75528e8
Maximum allowable deformation=L/180 (IS800:2007 Table No.-6)
Maximum allowable Stress=345MPa
As the width of flange is increases the deformation get reduces. Deformation reduces due
to increase of Moment of Inertia.

Figure 6 Deformation Shapes for different width of flanges

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results of study give the ultimate load carrying capacity of a wide range of sections with
different values of flanges, slenderness ratio, web slenderness ratio and unbraced length ratio

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 Kushalkumar Yadav, Dr. Prashant D. Hiwase and Dr. Ramesh V. Meghrajani

which control the overall slenderness ratio of a structural member. The use of compact flanges
and webs is not advisable as in case of higher unbraced length ratios, the use of compact
section even has adverse effect. It is also observed from Figure 5 that the Deformation, Strain
and Stress decreases with the application of sag rod. And load carrying capacity is also get
increases. Deformation also can be controlled by increasing the width of the flanges as shown
in Figure 6.

5. CONCLUSION
• Figure 3 shows that with increase in b/t ratio of flange, effective width decreases
however values computed by AISI-2007 shows variation of approximately 10% on
higher side.
• For small unbraced length ratios the steel members with thick flanges are preferable
whereas for high unbraced length ratio where overall slenderness ratio of the members
governs the design, use of slender elements may lead to a good design with minimum
weight of the section.
• By the application of sag rod, decreases the deflection as well as stresses in the
member. Load carrying capacity of member also increases. And hence the design
member is safe for designed load or calculated load. The further study is required for
more specification.
• By observing Figure 4 & Figure 5, it is concluded that the deformation is decreases by
300 times and load carrying capacity increases by 5 times on the application of sag
rod.
• Figure 6 show that deformation get reduces with the increase in the Moment of Inertia.

REFERENCES
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