ANALYSIS OF GENDER STEREOTYPE DEPICTED IN PICTURE

ON ENGLISH TEXTBOOKS OF THE BRIDGE ENGLISH

COMPETENCE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter includes background of study, research problem, objective of

the study, and Scope and limitation of the study. And definition on key terms.

A. Background of Study

Book is an important thing in education. By means of books we can transfer

information and material. From books the students can get knowledge and

experience. One kind of book that plays imprtant roles in education is textbook.

Textbook is a book that contains material and exercise. Textbook is also a

standard book use a particula branch of study. It also contains the picture that can

make the student motivated in teaching-learning activity. Garine state that a textbook

can show the different purpose of teaching learning, one of them is as a core resource

in teaching-learning1. The succes of teaching-learning activities depends on how

teachers can select the textbook based on the curriculum. This means that the role of

the content must followed the syllabus and the purposes of the teaching materials.

That is also a function of curriculum.

To support the teaching-learning activities, teacher should choose textbooks

that contain of many media. This means that a tool that use for teaching-learning

activities that can make the students receive the materials. There are many media that

can use by the teacher such as written text and picture/visual media.

1
Rindawati , et all , An Analysis On English Textbook “Bahasa
Inggris: When English Rings The Bel,( English Education Study Program of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
of Tanjungpura University ) page 2

1
 Written text means that the media consist of written. It consist of reading text,

a dialogue, monologue, and ect. Picture is a visual illustration illustrate the activities

that has been doing at the tine and it’s form of the picture is an image illustration.

To show the picture needs some consideration. .This means that when the

author of the book wants to include the picture, he must consider what picture that

wants to include, what is the content of the picture, what is the relationship between

the picture and the role of education and the sensitive thing is what the picture has

followed the gender representation.

Gender representation means that how the writer show the reeepppresentative

kinds of gender that implemented in the story and the picture2.With knowing them the

writer also introduce the different of gender by showing the appearence, the atitide the

social control and position showing the appearence, the atitide the social control and

position the job and etc.

Using picture represents the people in doing activity and also represents

gender representation. From looking the picture of the persons we can also look the

social live and the profession of the person and, from the observation of the picture

we can also determmine what kind of gender representation and what the people are

doing

Gender stereotype is one of the the approach of analysing gender in the book.

The means of gender stereotype is the human’s assumpsion about the genderin the

document or recording on the data. This means that in the textbooks we just know use

our prespectives what the people has done by using the spexific theory.

2
:
Abdullah Gharbavi, et all, A Content Analysis of Textbooks Investigating Gender Bias as a Social
Prominence in Iranian High School English Textbooks, (English Department of Linguistics and Foreign Languages
Khoramshahr Payam-e-Noor University, Iran) Page1

2
 One the ways to know hender stereotype is using picture. This means that fron

the ways to know our prespective, we just see the picture of what the poeple do, what

is the meaning behind of the picture and etc.

One of the way to knows the gender stereotype in the textbooks is using

Anshari Ali’s theory that consist of three ways of looking gender prespectives such as

gender representation in occupation, gender potrayed in activities and gender- role in

activities.

The source that i use to analyse the gender stereotype is the textbooks of The

Bridge Of English Competence. I use this book because the books consist of the

picture that include of gender stereotype in the Anshari Ali’s theory.

Previous study of gender stereotype uses of Ashari Ali’s theory done by Ashari

Ali’s research did in Iran ‘s textbook of Right Path to EnglishI and II. This study

analyse about the gender analysis on writen text of reading passage, dialogue, exercise

and illustration. This research also did by Burhanuddin Syaifullah in Indonesian

textbooks of English in Focus. He analysed about the gender based the visual

representation in those textbook. Therefore, i use the theory to analyse the picture in

the textbooks in The Bridge of English Competence in grade of 7 to 9.

Here the researcher wants to analyse gender stereotype use in picture on

english textbooks of the bridge English Competence for junior high school.

B. Research Question

Based on my explanation, the research question are

a. How is gender depicted in visual ilustration of junior high school English

Textbook?

b. In what way does the gender sterotype in visual illustration of junior high

school English textbook differ among the grade ?

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C. Objective of the Study

Based on the research problem, it can conclude the ovjectives of the study are

a. To know how is gender depicted in visual ilustration of junior high school

English Textbook

b. To know in what way does the gender sterotype in visual illustration of

junior high school English differ among the grade

D. Scope And Limitation of The Study

The study of the research explain about the gender stereotypes and the

limitation of the study tells that the writer will analyse the gender representation

use Ashari’s theory that tells about gender representation in occupation, gender

potrayal in activities and gender-role in activities in the textbooks of the bridge

English competence in junior high school.

E. Definitions On Key Terms

To make the reader understand the term that always appears in the topic, the

researcher needs to define the key term that always appears. There are threetopic that

always shows in the article there are gender representation, equallity and inequallity.

Gender Role : Role of the human’s being(means that female or

male)in general and social enviromment

Gender Stereotype : The human’s preceprion about the gender and sex

around the enviromment

Gender Role on Occupation : The role of the job that for a feminism and masculism

Textbook : A particular book that consist of a brach of study

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 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

A. The Important of English Language

English is the important part of language. It means that English is used in

everything. Such as in technology, transportation knowledge and a part of another

langguage. Therefore, it needs to teach English from the earlier education level.

Teaching English is needs some consideration. This means that the teacher

should make students understand about what the teacher say in the procces of

teaching-learning activities. It needs some tools to make the students more easier to

understand about the materials

One of the tools of the teaching materials is a media. Media is a toolsthat

materials. This is contain of written and picture media.

Written media means that this media is full of written text. This means that

the book is fulll of the reading expression, written expressing text and etc. Picture

media means that the media contains of visual media that support of teacing materials.

This means it shows the materials that contains of the picture that support of teaching-

learning purposes.

One of the media that contains of the both of media is a textbook or a

coursebook. This means that the book is contains of the materials and the exercise so

that the students make more easier to understanding the content of the materials.

B. The Important Of Textbook In Teaching Procces

Textbook is a book contain of material and also exercise. This means that the

materials ad also exercises should based on the indicators that appears on the first

page of the competence or unit.

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 a. The Main Component Of Textbook

A good textbook should suit with the syllabus and some aspects of teaching-

learning activities. This means that when you want to arrange the materials, you must

consider the main purposes what materials that you want to choose and is it suitable

with the syllabus. One of the main component of the syllabus is indicators

Indicators means that the planing of the ability that should be had by the

students after learning this unit. This means that the students should understand well

about the materials before they go on on the next competence with other materials.

Indicators is too general to describe but the derivationn of indicators is competence.

Conpetence means that the ability that should the students have after learning

the unit that explaining by the teacher. This means that the competence sould based

on the syllabus that have by some teachers. Competence is more spesific rather than

an indicators. Indicators fills the hint of skills that teacher can plan into some learning

activities. Competence fills the spesific skills that can plan for the teacher in the

textbook. There are two kind of competence, such as main competence and also basic

competence.

Main competence means that the materials that should learn with every

students at one unit. This means that the main competence consist of some materials

on the syllabus. After that the teacher can develop the materials into some skills that

can teach in several meeting.

Basic competence means some skills and materials derived in several number

of indicators of succesful learning on basic competence and it will derive into some

meeting of teaching-learning activities. This competence fill of skills that contain of

speaking, reading, writing and also listening.

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 For example of the main competence

8. Understanding the meaning on the transactional conversation using varioous

expression to the teaches and friends

9. State the meaning of the transactional expression using various expression

to the teachers and also the friends

For example of basic competence

8.1 the studennts should know the transactional conversation used to the

teacher and friends

8.2 The students can state the transactional conversation used to the teachers

and friends

9.1 the students can respond the transactional conversation used to the

teachers and firends

b. The Content of The Materials

Arranging the materials should suit with the lecvel of the educations. This

means that when you arrange the materials that you need, you should provide the

materials that based on the level of the students. This materials should consider

the level of the education from introduction of the education to the advanced level

of educations.

Introduction of educations means that the materials should explain the basic or

the introduction of fuction of the materials. This materials appears shortly and

briefly and also should appears clearly. Usually the students in the introduction of

the educations is an elementary and junior high school.

Intermediate level means that the materials should explain breeftly and also

deeply understanding rather than the educational level before. It will tell about the

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 other content of the materials that is needing to understand more than educationals

level before.

Advanced level means that the learning materials explains the deepest

understanding about the materials and skills so that they can solve the problem

more complex rather than the previous level. This level is the top of levels in

language educational background and it is the most complex theory that shoud be

learned.

C. The Gender Stereopype Representations

One of the consideration of including the picture should consider about the gender

stereotype conditions. This means that the human’s preception about the role of human in

the society as a feminism and masculism3. This is also the important thing to consider

which picture that should be included as a media in the textbook.

Now the questions are what is the meaning of Feminism and also Masculinism?

And also how is it important in education expesially including the picture? Those

questions is very basic and important questions. Feminism means the movement to

provide the opportunities the woman in politics, socials and culture as the opportunities

that have had by the man4. Another definitions of the feminism is the movement

organized aroound belief of the social, economic and also the politic equality of sexes5.

3
UNESCO/UNICEF : Educating Girls and Women in Africa : 1999
4
Oxford Dictionary , Oxford Press
5
The Americal Heritary Pockect

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 This means that the opportunities between male and also female in every aspects is the

same.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN

This chapter consist of research method, research instrument, data

sources and also data analysis

a. Research Method

This research use qualitative research of document. Qualitative method

means that to investigate the quality of relationship, activities, situations or

materials6. Document is analysing and interpreting recorded material

within its own context. The materials include a public record, textbooks,

letters, films, tapes, diaries, themes, reports and so on7 . The writer wants

to identifies and collects the relevant materials (textbooks) , makes

suitables catagories and identifies visual illustarion of gender

representation.

b. Research Instrument

Research instrument is a tool to get the data. This means that it is a

way analyse the data. Beside that he instrument can help the researcher get

the data and also begin to analyse the data. Research instrument in this study

is a human instrument. This means that the researcher itself has been an

instrument.

c. Data Collection

6
Fraenkel, J, R &Wallen ,N, E, (2006)
, How to design and evaluate research in education: Boston :Mc Graw-Hill
7
Ary, Donald, et al, Introduction to Research Method in Education,(united of America, United States) 27

9
 The means of data collection is how the researcher can gather the main

data and also the secondary data8. These method contains of some criteria

that use for the researcher to gain the data. The main data that sue in this

research is the pictures of the textbook that contains of gender

representaion.

d. Data Sources

The main source that use in this study is the picture in the English

textbooks (grade 7 to 9) for junior high school in Indonesia. These books

published by Yudhistira in the form of printed data.

e. Data Analysis

The data that colected in this study are analized using content analysis

method. According to Krippendorff content analisys means we analyse use

the interpertative data9. It means that the data gets from the source

inferring from the contextual phenomena. It means that the research

technique uses to measure the document and conclude the document uses

the content of itself10 from the sudy, the researcher use the theory from

Anshari Ali that derived the gender stereotype into three part such as

gender representation in occupation, gender potrayal in activities and

gender-role stereotypes.

8
Ibid 28
9
Krippendorff, K, (2003), Content Analysis, An introduction to its methodology, (2nd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage
10
Burhanudin, S.,gender representation in the visual illustration of indonesian hih school English Textbook,
Journal , Indonesia p. 4

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 References
Ary, Donald, et al, Introduction to Research Method in Education,
(United of Amerika,United States)

Burhanudin, S.,gender representation in the visual illustration of indonesian high school

EnglishTextbook, TEFLIN Journal , Indonesia

Faenkel, J, R &Wallen ,N, E, (2006), How To Design And Evaluate Research In

Education: Boston :Mc Graw-Hill

Gharbavi, A., Seyyed, A., M.,, A Content Analysis of Textbooks: Investigating Gender
Bias as a Social Prominence in Iranian High School English Textbooks, (English
Department of Linguistics and Foreign Languages Khoramshahr Payam-e-Noor
University, Iran)

Gailea, N. , Rasyid,Y, A Study Of The English Textbooks For Senior High School In Four
English Skills On Gender Equality In Serang City – Banten, Language
Teaching/Applied Linguistics Study Program of Graduate Program of Universitas
Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia,

Helena I,R et all, Bahasa Inggris Kelas XI, pusat kurikulum dan pembukuan ,
Balitbang, Kemendikbud, 2014

Krippendorff, K, (2003), Content Analysis, An introduction to its methodology, (2nd ed).

Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

Rindawati , Ikhsanuddin, Wardah , An Analysis On English Textbook “BahasaInggris:

When English Rings The Bel, (English Education Study Program of Teacher Training and
Education, Faculty of TanjungpuraUniversity)

www.ijllaw.com

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