Prediction of temperature rise Introduction

C660 - Prediction of the early-age temperature rise in concrete

This model provides a basis for the comparative assessment of early-age temperature rise and temperature differentials in concrete
The model is based on the numerical method of Ross and Bray (1949) and is described in detail in Appendix A2
Background data on heat generation were provided by the University of Dundee (Dhir et al, 2006) obtained using semi-adiabatic testing to EN196-9:2003
Data are input on pages 2 and 3. The model enables the following factors to be investigated;

PAGE 2 ADIABATIC TEMPERATURE

The binder is the total content of cementitious material, including CEM I and CEM I in combination with either
Binder content kg/m3
fly ash or ground granulated blast-furnace slag, ggbs
Binder type Three binder options are available from a drop-down menu CEM I, fly ash, ggbs
Concrete mix
Percent addition % The percent of either fly ash or ggbs by weight of binder
details
Density kg/m3 The wet density of the concrete
The early-age value when the concrete is only partially hydrated. A value of 1 kJ/kgoC should be used unless
Specific heat kJ/kgoC
more reliable data are available

Temperature drop T1 This is calculated in page 3 but shown on page 2 to enable the effect of changes in the concrete mix to be
observed directly. Input on section geometry, formwork etc, is on page 3

PAGE 3 TEMPERATURE CALCULATIONS

Section thickness mm
Section and Formwork type Three options are available from a drop-down menu, Steel, 18mm plywood, 37 mm plywood
formwork
details Wind speed m/s Assumed to be 4 m/s for typical UK conditions
Formwork removal time hours The time after casting
Concrete mix Thermal conductivity W/m C o
Assumed to be 1.8 W/moC (see Appendix A2 for values for concrete using difference aggregates)
details Density and specific heat These values are used in the calculation but copied from page 2
This is the temperature of the concrete when placed into the form. This is not necessarily the same as the
Placing temperature concrete temperature at the mixing plant. When no data are available assume that the placing temperature is 5
o
C above the mean ambient temperature
Placing
conditions Constant or variable (based on a sinusoidal variation). Min. mean and max. values are required. For a
Ambient temperature o
C
calculation assuming a constant ambient temperature, these vales should all be the same
Placing time o
C Based on a 24 hour clock

CIRIA C660 PAGE 1

Prediction of temeprature rise Adiabatic temperature

Adiabatic temperature rise

H e a t g e n e r a te d ( k J /k g )
Cells for input data

Binder content 400 (kg/m3)

Binder type ggbs
Addition 50 (%) 400.0

Density 2400 (kg/m3) 300.0

Specific heat 1 kJ/kgoC 200.0 Reference curve

100.0

Temperature drop T1 31 C
o 0.0
0 12 24Time
36 (Hours)
48 60 72 84 96
Tem perature (oC)

Adiabatic temperature rise for concrete

90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00 Reference curve at 20oC
30.00 Adjusted for temperature
20.00 Modelled
10.00
0.00
0.00 24.00 48.00
Time (Hours) 72.00 96.00

CIRIA C660 Page 2

Prediction of temperature rise Temperature calculation

TEMPERATURE RISE AND DIFFERENTIALS

Tem p eratu re (o C )
Cells for input data

Element details 60.0

Pour thickness 500 mm Peak
Formwork type 18mm plywood 50.0 Surface
Wind speed 4 m/s Differential
40.0 Formwork removal
Surface conductance 5.2 W/m2K
Formwork removal 36 hours 30.0

Concrete properties 20.0

Thermal conductivity 1.8 W/moC
10.0

Temperature
0.0
Placing temperature 20 o
C 0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0
Time (hours)

Te m p e ra tu re (o C )
Minimum 15 o
C
Ambient
MEAN 15 o
C
temperature
Maximum 15 o
C
Placing time (24 hour clock) 12 hours 60.0

50.0
Temperature OUTPUT
Maximum temperature 46 o
C 40.0

at time 28 hours 30.0

at maximum diffentail
at peak temperature
Maximum differential 17 o
C Column S
20.0
at time 39 hours
Temperature drop T1 31 o
C 10.0

0.0
0 100 Thickness
200 300
(mm)400
500 600

CIRIA C660 Page 3