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Qspider Software Testing Full Notes

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1 |P a g e
SDLC :-
Software
Developme
nt Life Cycle
It is a procedure
to develop the
software.It is a
process of
creating or
altering systems
and the models
and
methodologies
that people use
to developthese
systems.Any
SDLC should
result in a high
quality system
that meets or
exceeds
customer
expectations,
reachescompleti
on within time
and cost
estimates,
works
effectively and
efficiently and is
inexpensive to
maintainand
cost effective
to enhance.Diffe
rent procedures
/ models are
available
to develop a
software
namely,
1) Waterfall
model
It is a traditional
modelIt is a
sequential
design process,
often used in
SDLC, in which
the progress is
seen as flowing
steadilydownwa
rds ( like a
waterfall ),
through the
different phases
as shown in the
figure,
REQUIREMENTS
COLLECTIONFEAS
IBILITY STUDY /
ANALYSISDESIGN
CODING /
PROGRAMMINGT
ESTINGINSTALLA
TIONMAINTAINE
NCE
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2 |P a g e
Requirements
Collection :-
- done by
Business
Analysts and
Product
Analysts-
gathering
requirements-
translates
business
language into
software
language
For ex,
let us consider
the example of a
banking
software.
Feasibility
Study :-
- done by
software team
consisting of
project
managers,
business
analysts,
architects,
finance,
HR,developers
but not testers-
architect
–
is the person
who tells
whether the
product can
be developed
and if yes, then
which
technologyis
best suited to
develop it.- here
we check for,-
technical
feasibility-
financial
feasibility-
resource feasibi
lity
Design :-
There are 2
stages in
design,HLD
–
High Level
DesignLLD
–
 Low Level
DesignHLD
–
gives the
architecture of
the software
product to be
developed and
is done by
architects and
seniordeveloper
sLLD
–
done by senior
developers. It
describes how
each and every
feature in the
product should
work andhow
every
component
should work.
Here, only the
design will be
there and not
the code.
For ex,
let us consider
the example of
building a house.
Coding /
Programming :-
- done by all
developers
–
 seniors, juniors,
freshers- this is
the process
where we start
building the
software and
start writing the
code for the
product.
Testing :-
- done by test
engineers- it is
the process of
checking for all
defects and
rectifying it.
3 |P a g e
Installation :-
- done by
installation
engineers-
to install the
product at a
client‟s place
for using after
the software
has been
developed and
tested.

For ex,
consider the
example of
a software to be
developed and
installed
at Reliance
petrol bunk.
Maintenance :-
- here as the
customer uses
the product, he
finds certain
bugs and
defects and
sends the
product back
forerror
correction and
bug fixing.- bug
fixing takes
place- minor
changes like
adding, deleting
or modifying
any small
feature in the
software
product100 %
testing is not
possible
–
 because, the
way testers test
the product is
different from
the way
customersuse
the product.
Service
–
based
companies
and Product
–
based
companies
Service
–
 based
companies : -
They provide
service and
develop softwar
e for other
companies
They provide
software which
is and specified
as per the client
company‟s
requirement
and never keep
the
code of the
developed
product and
does not
provide the
software to any
other company
other than
theclient
company.Ex
–
Wipro, Infosys,
TCS, Accenture
Product
–
based
companies :-
The develop
software
products and
sell it to many
companies
which may need
the software and
makeprofits
for themselvesT
hey are the sole
owners of the
product they
develop and the
code used and
sell it to other
companieswhic
h may need
the software.Ex
–
Oracle,
Microsoft
Drawbacks of
Waterfall
Model :-
In waterfall
model,
backtracking is
not possible i.e,
we cannot back
and change
requirements
once thedesign
stage is reached.
Thus the
requirements
are freezed once
the design of
the software
product
isstarted.
Change
in requirements
–
leads to change
in design
–
thus bugs enter
the design
–
which leads
tochange in
code which
results in more
bugs. Thus the
requirements
are freezed once
the design of
theproduct is
started.Advanta
ge of
requirements
freezing is we
get a stable
product because
there is no
change in
design andcode.
4 |P a g e
Drawback of
requirements
freezing
–
 the customer
may not be
satisfied if the
changes he
requires is
notincorporated
in the product.
The end result
of waterfall
model is not a
flexible
product.Major
drawback of
waterfall model
–
testing is a
small phase
which is done
after coding.
Requirement is
nottested,
design is not
tested, if there is
a bug in the
requirement, it
goes on till the
end and leads to
lot of re-work.
Advantages of
waterfall
model
–
requirements
do not change
nor does design
and code, so we
get a
stableproduct.
Applications of
waterfall
model
:-Used in
–
 developing a
simple
application- for
short term
projects-
whenever we
are sure that the
requirements
will not change
For ex,
waterfall model
can be used in
developing a
simple
calculator as the
functions of
addition,subtrac
tion etc and the
numbers will
not change for a
long time.
2 ) SPIRAL
MODEL
The spiral
model is shown
in the figure in
the next
page.Ra-
requirements
analysis of
module A.
Similarly with
Rb, Rc, Rd.Da
–
design of
module A.
Similarly with
Db, Dc, DdCa
–
coding of
module A.
Similarly with
Cb, Cc, CdTa
–
testing of
module A.
Similarly with
Tb, Tc, TdIn
Spiral model, the
software
product is
developed in
small modules.
Let us consider
the figure
shownbelow in
developing a
s/w product X. X
is built by
integrating A,B,C
and D.The
module A
–
requirements of
the module is
collected first
and then the
module is
designed. The
codingof
module A is
done after
which it is
tested for
defects and
bugs.The
module B
–
 once module A
has been built,
we start the
same process
for module B.
But while
testingmodule
B, we test for 3
conditions
–
a)test module B
b)test
integration of
module B with A
c)test module
A.The module C
–
 after building
module A,B, we
start the same
process for
module C. Here
we test for
thefollowing
conditions
–
 1) test module
c, b, a 2) test for
integration of C
and B, C and A, A
and B.And thus
the cycle
continues for
different
modules. Thus
in the above
example,
module B can be
built onlyafter
module A has
been built
correctly and
similarly for
module C.
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