Possessive Nouns: These show ownership.

The 8 Parts of Speech Ex: Dad's car, the student's book, Marc's hat

A. Nouns name people, places, things, or ideas. B. Pronouns take the place of nouns.
There are many different types of nouns; There are many different types of pronouns;

*Common: These name general, nonspecific people, places, *Personal Pronouns

things, or ideas. They start with a lowercase letter unless they
Here are the personal pronouns.
begin a sentence.
I, me, we, us, you, she, her, he, him, it, they, them
Ex: writer, city, park, religion
For each of these pronouns, we can tell the...
*Proper: These name specific people, places, things, or ideas.
They always start with a capital letter. • Person (Who is speaking?)
• Number (Is the pronoun singular or plural?)
Ex: Victor Hugo, Paris, Disneyland, Christianity
• Gender (Is the pronoun masculine, feminine, or
*Abstract: These are the opposite of concrete. They name neuter?)
something that you cannot perceive with your five senses -
* Relative Pronouns
something that does not physically exist.
These little guys introduce relative clauses (dependent
Ex: happiness, freedom, Christianity
adjective clauses).
*Concrete: These name something that you can perceive with
Ex: who, whom, whose, that, which
your five senses - something that physically exists.
This is the cookie that I want to eat
Ex: cat, chocolate, Martha
* Demonstrative Pronouns
*Countable: Yep. You guessed it. These can be counted, and
they use both the singular and the plural forms. Anything that There are only four demonstrative pronouns. We use
you can make plural is a countable noun. them to point out particular people or things.

Ex: clock/clocks, David/Davids, poem/poems Ex: this, that, these, those

*Uncountable: These guys cannot be counted. Since they Sometimes, those words are used before nouns. In
cannot be counted, they only use the singular form. those cases, they are adjectives, not pronouns. (Remember,
adjectives describe nouns.)
Ex:milk, rice, water, luggage
Bring me that book. (adjective)
*Compound: These are made up of two or more smaller
words. Bring me that. (pronoun)

Ex: tablecloth, haircut, applesauce * Indifinite Pronouns

*Collective Nouns: These are singular nouns that refer to a The prefix in- means not. Indefinite pronouns are not
group of things as one whole. definite. We don't know whom or what these refer to!

Ex: class, audience, swarm Ex; anyone, something, all, most, some

*Singular: These refer to one person, place, thing, or idea. Someone yelled my name.

Ex: box, face, road, ball (Who? We don't know.)

*Plural: These refer to more than one person, place, thing, or Everyone looked at me. (Who exactly? We don't know.)
idea. They generally end with an s.
When indefinite pronouns are used before nouns,
Ex: boxes, faces, roads, balls they are actually acting as adjectives, not pronouns.
 Both people smiled at me. (adjective) These verbs make sense without having to transfer
action anywhere.
Both smiled at me. (pronoun)
Ex; Cats drink. Clocks tick. Buses move.
* Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns

These two types of pronouns end in -self or -selves.

himself, herself, myself, itself

Those words have different names depending on how they are

being used.

A reflexive pronoun is used to refer to the subject of the

sentence.

I will go to the school myself. (reflexive)

An intensive pronoun is used to emphasize another noun.

He himself visited the school. (intensive)

* Interrogative Pronouns

These are pronouns that are found in questions.

Another name for a question is an interrogative sentence.

Interrogative pronouns often begin interrogative sentences.

what, whom, whose, who, which

Who stole the cookie from the cookie jar?

Which jacket should I wear?

* Possessive Pronouns

Possessive Pronouns show ownership. Another word for

ownership is possession.

his, hers, your, theirs

When possessive pronouns are used before nouns, they are

actually being used as adjectives, not pronouns.

Our family has vacation next week. (adjective)

That car is ours. (pronoun)

C. Verbs show actions or states of being. Linking verbs,

action verbs, and helping verbs are described on the page
above.

* Intransitive Complete Verbs

These guys are action verbs, so we know that they
show action.

This type of verb does not transfer its action to

anyone or anything.