SLOT 1 : COMMON FORMULA OF IONS IN SPM CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS

Write The Formula Of Ions.

Cation (Positive Ions)
Sodium ion Ammonium ion

Potassium ion Zinc ion

Lithium ion Iron(II) ion

Silver ion Copper(II) ion

Copper(I) ion Manganese(II) ion

Hydrogen ion Lead(II) ion

Ammonium ion Nickel(II) ion

Silver ion Iron (III) ion

Magnesium ion Aluminium ion

Calcium ion Chromium (III) ion

Barium ion Tin(II) ion

Cation (Positive Ions)

Fluoride ion Oxide ion

Chloride ion Sulphide ion

Bromide ion Sulphate ion

Iodide ion Sulphite ion

Hydroxide ion Carbonate ion

Nitrate ion Thiosulphate ion

Nitrite ion Chromate(VI) ion

Ethanoate ion Dichromate(VI) ion

Manganate(VII) ion Phosphate ion

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SLOT 2 : COMMON CHEMICAL FORMULAE IN SPM CHEMISTRY
SYLLABUS
Write The Chemical formula for given chemical substance.

Ionic Formula

Chemical Substance Chemical Formula Chemical Substance Chemical Formula

Hydrochloric acid Zinc hydroxide

Nitric acid Calcium carbonate

Sulphuric acid Sodium carbonate

Methanoic acid Potassium bicarbonate

Ethanoic acid Potassium nitrate

Phosphorus acid Lead(II) nitrate

Carbonic acid Sodium nitrate

Hypochlorous acid Lead(II) iodide

Potassium hydroxide Silver chloride

Sodium hydroxide Magnesium sulphate

Calcium hydroxide Sodium thiosulphate

Ammonia Copper(II) oxide

Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium oxide

Copper(I) hydroxide Zinc oxide

Aluminium hydroxide Sodium oxide

Iron(II) hydroxide Aluminium oxide

Iron(III) hydroxide Iron(III) oxide

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Molecular Formula

Chemical Substance Chemical Formula Chemical Substance Chemical Formula

Carbon monoxide Anmonia

Carbon dioxide Water

Nitrogen monoxide Hydrogen chloride

Nitrogen dioxide Tetrachloromethane

Sulphur dioxide Glucose

Sulphur trioxide Hydrogen bromide

Fluorine Hydrogen iodide

Bromine Hydrogen sulphide

Chloride Nitrogen

Iodine Nitrogen dioxide

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SLOT 3 : IDENTIFY TYPE OF PARTICLES AND COMPOUND
State type of particles and compounds for given chemical substance.

Chemical
Particles Chemical Substance Compound
Substance

Chlorine, Cl2 Water, H2O

Calcium carbonate, Magnesium oxide,

CaCO3 MgO
Sodium chloride,
Zinc chloride, ZnCl2
NaCl
Tetrachloromethane,
Naphthalene, C8H10
CCl4
Ethanoic acid,
Carbon dioxide, CO2
CH3COOH
Hydrogen chloride,
Zinc chloride, ZnCl2
HCl

Sulphur, S Naphthalene, C8H10

Ethanoic acid,
Helium, He
CH3COOH
Copper(II) oxide,
Chlorine, Cl2
CuO
Calcium carbonate,
Butane, C4H10
CaCO3

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SLOT 4 : CONSTRUCT AND BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
1. Complete the chemical equations below.

a) ____ Na + ____ Cl2  _____ NaCl

b) ____ Mg + ____ HNO3  _____ Mg(NO3)2 + ____H2

c) ____ C2H4 + _____ O2  _____ CO2 + _____H2O

d) ____ Cu + _____ AgNO3  _____ CuSO4 + ____ Ag

2. Write a balances chemical equation for each of the following reactions:

a) Sodium oxide + water  sodium hydroxide

_____________________________________________________________________

b) Silver nitrate + sodium chloride  silver chloride + sodium nitrate

_____________________________________________________________________

c) Sodium thiosulphate + Sulphuric acid  sodium sulphate + sulphur + sulphur dioxide+ water

_____________________________________________________________________

d) Magnesium metal reacts with the chlorine gas to form solid magnesium chloride.

_____________________________________________________________________

e) Solid calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride, water
and carbon dioxide.

_____________________________________________________________________

f) Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to form sodium sulphate
and water.

_____________________________________________________________________

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SLOT 5 : RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS (RAM) AND RELATIVE MOLECULAR
MASS (RMM)

A. RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS (RAM)

Relative Atomic Mass =

B. RELATIVE MOLECULAR MASS (RMM)

Calculate the relative molecular mass for following substance below.

1. O2

2. CO2

3. NaCl

4. AgNO3

5. C2H4

6. Cu(OH)2

7. Fe2O3.5H2O

8. Mg(NO3)2

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SLOT 6 : MOLE CONCEPTS

TEST YOURSELF :

1 Diagram 1.1 shows a syringe filled with carbon dioxide gas, CO2 at room temperature and
pressure.

Syringe Piston

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
cm3

Carbon dioxide gas

Diagram 1.1

[Relative atomic mass of C = 12 , O = 16, Molar volume = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room

temperature and pressure]

1. Calculate the number of moles of carbon dioxide gas in the syringe.

[2 marks]

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2. Calculate
(i) the number of carbon dioxide molecules in the syringe.
[Avogadro Constant = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 ]

[1 mark]
(ii) the number of atoms in the syringe.
[Avogadro Constant = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 ]

[1 mark]
3. Diagram 1.2 shows 25 g of calcium carbonate, CaCO3 .
[Relative atomic mass of C = 12, O = 16, Ca = 40]

25 g of calcium carbonate

Diagram 1.2
Calculate
(i) The relative formula mass of calcium carbonate.

[1 mark]
(ii) the number of moles of calcium carbonate.

[1 mark]
(iii) the percentage of oxygen by mass in calcium carbonate.

[1 mark]

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(d) A closed glass bottle contains 4 mol molecules of oxygen, O2.
Given that the Avogadro constant is 6.02 x 1023 mol-1.

(i) What is the number of oxygen molecules in the bottle?

[1 mark]
(ii) How many oxygen atoms are there in the bottle?

[1 mark]

(e) Find the number of moles of atoms in a sample containing 9.03 × 1020 atoms of
copper.
Given that the Avogadro constant is 6.02 × 1023 mol-1.

[1 mark]

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SLOT 6 : EMPIRICAL AND MOLECULAR FORMULAE

1. DEFINATION

Empirical
formula
Molecular
formula

2. EMPIRICAL FORMULA

A. Magnesium Oxide

DIAGRAM:

BEFORE HEATING
Clean the magnesium ribbon with sand
paper.
DURING HEATING
When the Mg start burning, closed the
crucible with the lid
Open the lid intervals

AFTER HEATING
Make sure all Mg is fully oxidized/
completely react
OBSERVATION

CHEMICAL EQUATION

B. Copper (II) Oxide

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DIAGRAM:

BEFORE HEATING
Materials to produce H2 gas.
Material used to dry H2 gas.
Flow the H2 gas for few minutes
before heating

Make sure that other air have been

removed

DURING HEATING
Why burn the excess H2 gas.

AFTER HEATING
Continue flow the H2 gas / Let the
hot metal Cu cool in the flow of H2
Make sure all CuO is fully reduced/
completely react

OBSERVATION

CHEMICAL EQUATION

Why this method cannot be used to determine empirical formula of magnesium oxide?

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TEST YOURSELF
1. 0.64 g of metal X combine with 0.71 g of non-metal Y. What is the empirical formula of
this compound? [RAM : X = 64; Y=35.5]

2. 2.24g of iron combines chemically with 0.96g of oxygen to form an oxide. What is the empirical
formula of the oxide? [ RAM : O = 16, Fe = 56 ]

3. The empirical formula of a compound is CH2. If the relative molecular mass of the
compound is 84, what is its molecular formula?
[Relative atomic mass of H = 1, C = 12]

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SLOT 7 : SOLVING NUMERICAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING CHEMICAL
EQUATIONS – STOICHIOMETRY

Calculation steps :
S1 : Write a balance chemical equation.
S2 : Write the information from the question above the equation.
S3 : Write the information from the chemical equation below the equation.
(information about the number of moles of reactants/products)
S4 : Change the information in s2 into moles by using method shown in the chart below.
S5 : Use the relationship between number of moles of substance involved in S3 to
find the answer
S6 : Change the information to the unit required using the chart below.

TEST YOURSELF : Solve the following problems by using chemical equations.

(a) What is the volume of carbon dioxide releases when 5 g of calcium carbonate reacts
with hydrochloric acid at room condition?
[RAM : C = 12; O = 16; Ca = 40; 1 mol of gas occupied 24 dm3 mol-1 at room
condition]

(b) 5.0 g of hydrated copper (II) sulphate, CuSO4.5H2O, is heated to remove its water
vapour.
CuSO4.5H2O  CuSO4 + 5H2O
Calculate the mass of water vapour removed.
[ RAM : H = 1; O =16; S = 32; Cu = 64]

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(c) 3.1g of sodium oxide is formed when the sodium metal is burnt completely in oxygen at
STP. Calculation the volume of oxygen used.
[RAM : O = 16; Na = 23 ; molar volume = 22.4 dm3 mol-1 at STP]

(d) 0.8g of copper (II) oxide powder is added to excess dilute nitric acid and heated. Find
the mass of copper (II) nitrate produced?
[RAM : N = 14; O = 16; Cu = 64]

(e) 0.46g of sodium is burn completely in chlorine gas at room condition.

Find the volume of chlorine gas.
[ RAM : Na = 23; Cl =35.5; molar volume = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room condition]

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