INDIAN Storm - Report - Nov - 2014 PDF

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES

INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT
NEW DELHI
No. ESSO/IMD/SMRC STORM Project-2014/01(2014)/03
THUNDERSTORMS 2014
A REPORT
(SAARC STORM PROJECT -2014)
Kamaljit Ray, B.K. Bandopadhyay, Bikram Sen, Pradeep Sharma, Arshad Warsi, M. Mohapatra,
B.P.Yadav, G.C Debnath, S.Stella, Sunit Das, M.Duraisamy, V.K.Rajeev , V.Barapatre,Surender
Paul, Himanshu Singh, K.C. Saikrishnan, Suman Goyal, A.K.Das, S.C.Bhan, D.R Sikka , Ajit
Tyagi, Someshwar Das and L.S.Rathore
NOWCAST UNIT,
DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL OF METEOROLOGY (SERVICES)
NEW DELHI
IMD Report Number: ESSO/IMD/SMRC STORM Project-2014/01(2014)/03
Government of India
Ministry of Earth Sciences
India Meteorological Department
Thunderstorms 2014
A Report
(SMRC STORM Project-2014)
(15 March to 15 June)
Kamaljit Ray1, B.K.Bandopadhyay1, Bikram Sen1, Pradeep Sharma1, Arshad Warsi1, M Mohapatra1,
B.P. Yadav1, G.C. Debnath3, S.Stella4, Sunit Das5, M. Duraisamy6, V.K. Rajeev7, V. Barapatre8,
Surender Paul6, Himanshu Singh9, K.C. SaiKrishnan1, Suman Goyal1, A.K.Das1, S.C.Bhan1, D.R
Sikka2 , Ajit Tyagi10, Someshwar Das1 and L.S.Rathore1
1. India Meteorological Department, Lodi Road, New Delhi

2. 40,Mausam Vihar, New Delhi
3. India Meteorological Department, RMC, Kolkata
4. India Meteorological Department, RMC Chennai
5. India Meteorological Department, RMC, Guwahati
6. India Meteorological Department, RMC, New Delhi
7. India Meteorological Department, RMC, Mumbai
8. India Meteorological Department , RMC Nagpur
9. Indian Air Force
10. MoES, New Delhi
i
NOVEMBER, 2014
INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT (IMD)
Report Number: No. ESSO/IMD/SMRC STORM Project-2014/01(2014)/03

Title of the report:
Thunderstorms 2014: A report (SMRC STORM Project-2014 )
Author(s)
Kamaljit Ray, B.K. Bandopadhyay, Bikram Sen, Pradeep Sharma, Arshad Warsi, M.
Mohapatra, B.P. Yadav, G.C Debnath, S. Stella, Sunit Das, M. Duraisamy, V. K. Rajeev, V.
Barapatre, Surender Paul, Himanshu Singh, K.C. SaiKrishnan, Suman Goyal, A.K. Das, S.C.
Bhan, D.R Sikka , Ajit Tyagi, Someshwar Das and L.S. Rathore
Type of Document
Scientific Report
Number of pages and figures
223
Number of references
4
Reviewing and approving Authority
Director General of Meteorology, IMD
Security classification
Unclassified
Distribution
Unrestricted
Date of publication
November, 2014
Abstract (100 words)
The “SAARC STORM Program” is a multidisciplinary nationally co-ordinated research and
development programme and it is carried out as a multi-year observational-cum modelling
campaign during the time frame 2008-2014. The Program Implementation committee headed
by Director General of Meteorology, IMD set up a Weather Advisory Group, whose main
task was to keep a watch on the development of daily weather situation over the STORM area
of interest during 15 March to 15 June, 2014. The committee advised the various
participating offices/agencies on the nature of observations required to be taken by them on
day to day basis and thrice in a week bulletin was issued regarding the convective weather. In
order to help researchers to relate their work to the prevailing weather situation, the WAC
group was entrusted with the task of preparing the document that would contain details of the
daily weather situation, weather charts, weather reports, case studies and storm bulletins.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The report was prepared with valuable inputs from various regional sub-offices of India
Meteorological Department (IMD). The authors express their sincere thanks to IAF and Navy
for the valuable data provided by them. As in the previous year this report was prepared by
Nowcasting Unit in the office of DDGM (Services), New Delhi. The officers and staff of the
Nowcasting unit provided full technical support.
Kamaljit Ray
Scientist, ‘E’
Nowcasting Unit
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PREFACE
The STORM program was conceived as a multidisciplinary nationally co-ordinated research and
development programme and has been carried out as a multi-year observational-cum modelling
campaign with an objective to build appropriate operational early warning systems for highly
damaging severe thunder storms over various parts of India. The Program Implementation
Committee (PIC) of the SAARC STORM Project was reconstituted by MoES in 2008. During the
pilot-phase of 2009, the domain was extended to include the neighbouring countries Nepal, Bhutan
and Bangladesh through a newly established lead partnership with the SAARC Meteorological
Research Centre (SMRC), Dhaka. In the SAARC STORM Project so far, four STORM Field
Experiments have been conducted in Phase-I focusing on Norwesters in pre-monsoon seasons during
2009-2012. In Phase-III of SAARC STORM Programme which started in 2013, the STORM Fields
Experiments covered the whole SAARC region. This year Storm field experiments covered whole
India. A Weather Advisory Group, established at the India Meteorological Department (IMD), New
Delhi was set up, whose main task was to watch the development of daily weather situation over the
STORM campaign area during March-June-2014, advice the various participating offices on the
nature and frequency of observations required to be taken by them on day to day basis and to issue a
bulletin every Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
The Weather Advisory Group was also assigned the task of preparing this document that contains
information on daily weather situation, important weather charts, severe weather events all through
the campaign period, case studies and the bulletins issued during the period. This report briefly
covers the background of the SAARC STORM programme and its implementation for the 2014 pre-
monsoon season. I hope that the document would prove a useful reference material for various
research groups. The report is an outcome of dedicated efforts of the project team of IMD. I
congratulate them for coming out with this important document. The spirit of coordination and
support extended by various organizations for the successful implementation of STORM Pilot
Experiment 2014 is greatly appreciated and duly acknowledged.
(L.S. Rathore)
Director General of Meteorology
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgements iii
Preface iv
1. Introduction 1
2. Frequency of Thunderstorm events during the SAARC Storm Period-2014 8
3. Thundersqualls recorded over India during the SAARC Storm Period-2014 48
4. Hail storms recorded over India during the SAARC Storm Period-2014 54
5. Thundersqualls vs Hailstorms during the SAARC Storm Period-2014 60
6. Thunderstorm Days during the SAARC Storm Period-2014 62
7. Case Study of Thunderstorm activity on 24 March, 2014 (East India) 70
8. Case Study of Thunderstorm activity on 7 and 8 April, 2014 76
(Northwest and Northeast India)
9. Case Study of Thunderstorm activity on 20 April, 2014 (West India) 88
10. Case Study of Thunderstorm activity on 7 & 8 May, 2014 (Southern Peninsula) 94
11. Case Study of Thunderstorm activity on 30 May, 2014 (Northwest and East India) 102
12. Verification of Intensive Observational Period declared during the SAARC Storm Period 116
13. Conclusion 135
References 138
Appendix I 139
(Bulletins issued during SAARC STORM Project-2014)
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1
INTRODUCTION
Thunderstorms are cloud masses from which electrical discharges create thunder. The cloud is
almost always cumulonimbus, in which individual cells produce rain, often copious, and sometimes
hail, strong winds and even tornadoes. “By International agreement a ‘thunderstorm day’ is defined
as a day on which thunder is heard, regardless of the actual number of thunderstorms” (WMO, 1953).
Usually, thunderstorms have the spatial extent of a few kilometres and life span less than an hour.
However multi-cell thunderstorms develop due to organized intense convection, may have a life span
of several hours and travel over a few hundreds of kilometres. Thunderstorms mainly originate over
the heated land masses that heat up the air above it and initiate convection. In India, these
thunderstorms reach severity when continental air meets warm moist air from ocean in the lower
troposphere. Thunderstorms in Eastern India are locally named as “Kal-Baisakhi” which means
calamities in the month of Baishakh. The lifecycle of thunderstorms is categorized into three phases
on the basis of growth of the thunderclouds. Cumulus stage marks the first stage of growth with the
updraft persisting throughout the cell. In the mature stage there is the presence of both the updraft
and the downdraft. The presence of upper level shear adds severity to the storm since it differentiates
the zone of the updraft from the zone of downdraft at this stage. It also extends the life time of the
cell. The third stage is the dissipating stage, marked only by the downdraft throughout the cell.
Severe thunderstorms are associated with thunder, squall lines, lightening and even hail that cause
extensive losses in agriculture, damage to structure and also loss of life. The casualty due to
lightening associated with thunderstorms in India is highest in the world. The strong wind produced
by the thunderstorm down draft after coming in contact with the earth surface spreads out laterally
and is referred as downbursts. These are real threat to aviation. The highest numbers of aviation
hazards are reported during occurrence of these thunderstorms. The hail associated with these severe
thunderstorms also cause huge damage to food, horticulture production & vegetable crops.
Sometimes it also causes destruction of wheat crop in the field particularly over North West India.
The main regions of high thunderstorm activity in our country during the Pre-monsoon season are:
1) The area stretching from Jharkhand, Bihar, Sub-Himalayan West Bengal, Gangetic West
Bengal, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Assam and adjacent states to east Madhya Pradesh, east
Vidarbha and adjoining Andhra Pradesh .
2) Southwest Peninsula.
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3) Northwest India outside Rajasthan.
Thunderstorm activity progresses from March onwards as the season advances. In March, the mean
number of days of thunderstorms is not more than 6 to 8 in any part of the country; it reaches 14 to
16 days in Assam and adjacent areas and in Kerala in May. Thunderstorm activity in the month of
March is highest in Northwest India, mostly in association with western disturbances.
The main features of the atmospheric conditions over the country (India) during Pre-monsoon
season are:
1) Intense insolation and large diurnal variation of many meteorological parameters.
2) Formation of a heat low over the interior of the country.
3) Weak to moderate lower tropospheric wind field overlain by a moderate to strong
westerly flow (except over the Peninsula where in the upper troposphere also the winds
are generally light to moderate).
4) High degree of latent convective instability in the atmosphere.
5) General lack of moisture, except in the lowest levels over some parts of the country
particularly eastern India and Southern part of Peninsular India.
The development of the thunderstorms is greatly governed by the overall synoptic scale disturbances
in which mesoscale processes & land surface processes play important role. The synoptic scale
disturbances create the conditions favourable for the occurrence of thunderstorms. The conditions
favourable for the occurrence of thunderstorms are:
a) Suitable synoptic conditions to cause low level convergence and upper level divergence
which will act as a trigger and release the instability present in the air mass.
b) A dynamical mechanism to release the instability present in the atmosphere due to some
upper air flow which by advecting warm air in the lower troposphere and cold air in the upper
atmosphere can increase the instability.
c) Day time heating and orography.
d) Adequate supply of moisture in the lower troposphere.
e) Conditional and convective instability in the atmosphere.
f) Mesoscale distribution of land surface features.
1.1 Background of thunderstorm studies in India
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Interest in tropical thunderstorm studies began in undivided India at the beginning of the 20th
Century, more than 100 years ago. By the end of 1920’s it was fairly well known that the most severe
thunderstorms occur over eastern India and northeast India, which at that time included Bangladesh
too as a part of undivided India. Hence most of the scientific studies and field programmes organised
by IMD between 1928 to dawn of freedom in India were focussed on understanding the severe local
thunderstorms in the pre-monsoon season over these parts of undivided India. Several important
features about the development, movement, and synoptic tools for the prediction of thunderstorms
were defined for over 50 years. . Even after India’s independence, synoptic data coverage and upper
air soundings and introduction and application of atmospheric dynamics research using weather
RADAR, focus remained in India over this region, although progressively, studies of thunderstorms
of other regions were introduced, Several Forecasting manuals of IMD, published during the period
1958-1964, addressed the problem of pre-monsoon thunderstorms over other regions of India too.
Tyagi etal (2007) have documented the history of pre-monsoon thunderstorms over Indian region,
particularly about Norwesters over eastern and Northeast India. As tremendous amount of
observational and research infrastructure were developed in India between 1950 to 2000, atmospheric
research community conceived a program called Severe Thunderstorm Observation and Regional
Modelling (STORM) in 2005, to carry out intensive observational research and apply mesoscale
dynamical models to understand and predict Norwesters. The program was funded by the Department
of Science and technology from 2006 to 2008, which was later supported by Ministry of Earth
Sciences under the aegis of IMD. The Program received the attention of SAARC Meteorological
Centre, Dhaka and with their effort a new program known as SAARC STORM was adopted. The
Program since 2013 covers all SAARC countries.
1.2 The SAARC STORM Programme
SAARC STORM Programme started in 2009, In Phase-I, STORM Field Experiments were
conducted jointly in Bangladesh, Bhutan, east and northeast India and Nepal. Based on the
recommendations of the Governing Board of SMRC, so far four STORM Field Experiments have
been conducted in Phase-I focusing on Norwesters in pre-monsoon seasons during 2009-2012.
In Phase-II of SAARC STORM Programme which started in 2012, STORM Field Experiments were
also carried out jointly in Afghanistan, northwest India and Pakistan focusing on deep convective
moist and dry storms during pre-monsoon season, 2012.
3
In Phase-III of SAARC STORM Programme which started in 2013, STORM Field Experiments were
also executed in southern peninsular India, Maldives and Sri Lanka to study maritime and continental
convective storms during pre-monsoon season of 2013. Therefore, the STORM Fields Experiments
covered the whole SAARC region in 2013. In the year 2014 as per recommendations of 6th Meeting
of International Programme Committee (IPC) of SAARC STORM Programme (Colombo, Sri Lanka,
20-21 December 2013) and 19th Meeting of Governing Board of SMRC (1 - 2 October, 2013), the
STORM Field Experiments were conducted in SAARC regions as per the following schedule.
STORM Phase I: (Bangladesh, Bhutan, east & northeast India and Nepal) - 01 April- 31 May 2014.
STORM Phase-II: (Afghanistan, northwest India and Pakistan) – 15 April-15 June 2014.
STORM Phase-III: (southern peninsular India, Maldives and Sri Lanka) - 15 March - 15 May 2014.
In order to have effective STORM Field Experiments, the Weather Advisory Committees (WACs) at
the Indian national level was constituted by Director General of Meteorology, India Meteorological
Department, who is also the chairman of WAC. To decide about Intensive Observation Period (IOP)
dates, the WAC members or the nominated members participated in the weekly meetings on each
Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 1600 hrs IST in NOC (National operating Centre), IMD, during
the period 15 March 2014 to 15 June, 2014 to assess the large scale synoptic and mesoscale
environment and decide about the beginning and cessation of IOPs.
During the Pre-monsoon season of 2014, Storm experiments were conducted in three regions of the
country as per the following schedule:
1) Northwest India and Central India. (15 April-15 June 2014)
2) East and Northeast India. (01 April- 31 May 2014)
3) Southern Peninsula. (15 March - 15 May 2014)
But the monitoring of thunderstorms was carried out uniformly from 15 March to 15 June, 2014
for entire India.
Indian states in Northeast India include

a) Assam and Meghalaya
b) Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur and Tripura
c) Arunachal Pradesh
Indian states in East India include
a) West Bengal
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b) Sikkim
c) Odisha
d) Bihar
e) Jharkhand
Indian states in Northwest India include
a) Jammu and Kashmir
b) Haryana and Punjab
c) Rajasthan
d) Uttar Pradesh
e) Delhi
f) Himachal Pradesh
g) Uttarakhand
Indian states in Southern Peninsula include
a) Karnataka
b) Kerala
c) Tamil Nadu
d) Andhra Pradesh
Indian states in Central & West India include
a) Chhattisgarh
b) Madhya Pradesh
c) Maharashtra
d) Gujarat
e) Konkan & Goa
1.3 Implementation Plan for the STORM Project Phase (2014) I, II, III
1) The overall campaign was monitored and guided by a Weather Advisory Committee (WAC)
at IMD, New Delhi. In addition, communication conferencing and data exchange was
facilitated from this nodal cell. It was called the NOC. To decide about Intensive
Observation Period (IOP) dates, the WAC members or the nominated member
participated in the weekly meetings on Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 1600 hrs
IST in NOC (National operating Centre) IMD, New Delhi starting from 14 March 2014.
2) Field Operational Centre (FOC) were set up at:
a) Regional Meteorological Centre(RMC), Chennai
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b) Regional Meteorological Centre(RMC), New Delhi
c) Regional Meteorological Centre(RMC), Guwahati
d) Regional Meteorological Centre(RMC), Kolkata
e) Regional Meteorological Centre(RMC), Mumbai
3) The monitoring period was uniform for entire country from 15 March to 15 June 2014.
4) DDGM(UI), IMD provided an additional Radiosonde ascents at 0600 UTC in New

Delhi, Mohanbari, Nagpur, Chennai and Kolkata on 20 IOP days in April and May.
5) DDGM(UI), IMD ensured radar coverage from DWR Patna, Kolkata, Lucknow, New Delhi,
Vishakhapatnam, Machilipatnam, Chennai, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Agartala, Mohanbari during
the entire monitoring period.
6) DDGM (Sat Met), IMD provided half hourly day –time satellite coverage with effect from
15 March to 15 June (to be kept in archives in IMD website). Data of IPW for GPS receivers
installed in Chennai, New Delhi, Mumbai, Guwahati at 30 minute intervals. They
coordinated with IAF for overlaying lightening data over satellite Imageries every three
hourly.
7) DDGM (SI), Pune ensured the real time transmission of data from AWS stations to DDGM
(ISSD) Delhi in GTS mobile synop format.
8) DDGM (NWP) nominated officer to prepare an advisory based on NWP products and present
the same in the weekly meetings and send by email to NOC and FOCs. NWP division put
up a link on IMD website (STORM FDP) with all the model products generated every 6
hourly and less (WRF, ARPS etc).
9) DDGM (UI), New Delhi ensured necessary supplies like radio sonde, batteries, balloons, and
chemicals, stationeries for all RS/RW and PB stations of IMD well before the scheduled
time, and instructed DWR stations to submit every three hourly DWR report in the approved
format by email to nowcastnwfc@gmail.com.
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10) During the entire monitoring period (15 March to 15 June, 2014) of the STORM experiment
all the Field Operational Centres (FOC) were operational and prepared daily report on
Thunderstorms, squalls, hailstorm and rainfall activity and special reports during the IOPs.
The reports were kept on the respective websites of the RMCs and also an email of the report
was forwarded to NOC at New Delhi for Compilation and forwarding to SMRC as per the
format adopted in 2013.
11) Indian Air Force provided:

i) Thunderstorm data recorded at various Air Force stations during the entire monitoring
period.
ii) Mesoscale model WRF-NMM forecast output.
iii) Lightening data overlaid over the Satellite Imagery supplied by IMD
12) Indian Navy provided METAR data from Naval met offices located in Southern, East,
Northeast and Northwest India through email.
13) The Committee recommended that all Regional Met Centres (Kolkata, New Delhi and
Chennai) of IMD may keep event wise archival of DWR data and Sat Met division may do
that for Satellite Data during the Project period 2014.
14) The Committee also recommended that the data collected by various RMCs during the
STORM project may be utilized for in-depth case studies and all the results can be discussed
in a brainstorming Seminar, to be held in the post project period.
15) A report on STORM field experiments 2014 will be prepared by NOC in collaboration with
various WAC members after the experimental Period.
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2
FREQUENCY OF THUNDERSTORM EVENTS DURING
THE SAARC STORM PERIOD-2014

The total number of thunderstorm events in a particular day was bifurcated depending upon
the time of occurrence over a particular region and this was counted as the frequency of
thunderstorms in a particular defined time period. The day was divided into five time periods as
defined by IMD i.e. Morning: 0400 to 0800hrs IST, Forenoon: 0800 to 1200hrs IST, Afternoon:
1200 to 1600hrs IST, Evening: 1600 to 2000hrs IST and Night: 2000 to 0400hrs IST. Monthwise
distribution of thunderstorm events over different time periods of the day and different states of the
particular region is depicted in various figures. Daily thunderstorm distribution for all the months of
the storm period as well as for entire Storm Period-2014 is discussed below:
2.1 Region wise:
(a) Northeast India (15 March to 15 June, 2014):
15 -31 March, 2014
The diurnal and state wise distribution of thunderstorms for second fortnight of March is shown in
Fig 2.1a and b. Maximum (50%) thunderstorms in the region were recorded in night, followed by
evening. Assam recorded highest number of thunderstorms (80%) as compared to other states. Fairly
widespread thunderstorm activity (15 Thunderstorms ) was recorded in the region on 19 March, 2014
due to the eastward moving westerly trough at 500 hPa and associated jet stream passing over NE
region at 200 hPa.
1-30 April, 2014
The diurnal and state wise distribution of thunderstorms for April is shown in Fig 2.2a and b.
Highest number of thunderstorms in the region were recorded in the night, followed by evening.
Assam recorded highest number of thunderstorms (60%) as compared to other states. Fairly
widespread thunderstorm activity (> 15 thunderstorms) was recorded in the region on 8 and 17 April,
2014 in association with the westerly trough over Jammu and Kashmir and adjoining H.P.
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1-31 May, 2014
The diurnal and state wise distribution of thunderstorms for May is shown in Fig 2.3a and b.
Highest number of thunderstorms in the region were recorded in the night, followed closely by
morning. Assam recorded highest number of thunderstorms (80%) as compared to other states. Fairly
widespread thunderstorm activity (> 15 thunderstorms) was recorded in the region on 3 and 7 May,
2014 in association with the westerly trough over Jammu and Kashmir and adjoining H.P and the
associated Jet core at 200 hPa, lying over Northeast India.
1-15 June, 2014
The diurnal and state wise distribution of thunderstorms for June (1-15) is shown in Fig 2.4a and b.
Due to the onset of Monsoon the thunderstorms in the region were recorded anytime in the day with
no particular diurnal variation. Assam again recorded highest number of thunderstorms (80%) as
compared to other states. Fairly widespread thunderstorm activity (> 15 thunderstorms) was not
recorded on any day and the frequency of thunderstorm activity also reduced considerably after the
onset of SW Monsoon over NE India.
Entire Storm Period (15 March -15 June, 2014)
The highest number of thunderstorms in each month of the Storm Period i. e. March, April, May and
June were recorded in Assam followed by Arunachal Pradesh in March, Meghalaya in April and
Tripura in May & June. No thunderstorm event was recorded in Manipur in April and Mizoram in
June. During the entire Storm period (15 March -15 June), the frequency was highest during night
(30%) followed by evening (21%) (Fig 2.5a). The frequency was least during forenoon (15%).
Similarly if we consider state wise, the frequency was highest in Assam with a total of 326(62%)
thunderstorms followed by Tripura with 70(13%) thunderstorms recorded during the entire Storm
Period (Fig 2.5b). The frequency was least for Manipur i.e. 19(4%). Taking month wise for entire
Storm Period (Fig 2.5c), the highest frequency of thunderstorms was observed in May i.e. 233 (44%)
which indicates that on an average more than 7 events were recorded per day in May. The next higher
frequency was observed in April i.e. 168 (32%). The least frequency was recorded in second quarter
of March i.e. 65(12%). The highest thunderstorm events on a single day were 23 recorded on 7 May
followed by 22 events recorded on 3 May.
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(b) East India (15 March to 15 June,2014):
15 -31 March, 2014
Fig 2.6a and b. Maximum (50%) thunderstorms in the region were recorded in evening, followed by
afternoon. West Bengal recorded highest number of thunderstorms (>80%) as compared to other
states. Fairly widespread thunderstorm activity (15 Thunderstorms ) was recorded in the region on 19
March, 2014 due to the eastward moving westerly trough at 500 hPa and associated jet stream
passing over Eastern region at 200 hPa ( Fig 2.6c).
1-30 April, 2014
Highest number of thunderstorms in the region were recorded in the evening, closely followed by
afternoon. West Bengal recorded highest number of thunderstorms (73%) and Odisha recorded the
remaining. Not much thunderstorm activity was seen over Bihar and Jharkhand. Fairly widespread
thunderstorm activity (> 15 thunderstorms) was recorded in the region on 8 and 17 April, 2014 in
association with the westerly trough over Jammu and Kashmir and adjoining H.P.
1-31 May, 2014
Highest number of thunderstorms in the region were recorded in the evening, closely followed by
night. West Bengal recorded highest number of thunderstorms (30%) and Odisha recorded next
highest (25%). Very less thunderstorm activity was seen over Bihar and Jharkhand. Fairly
widespread thunderstorm activity (> 15 thunderstorms) was recorded in the region on a number of
days (Fig 2.8c).
1-15 June, 2014
The diurnal and state wise distribution of thunderstorms in the first fortnight of June is shown in Fig
2.9a and b. Highest number of thunderstorms in the region were recorded in the night, closely
followed by evening. West Bengal recorded highest number of thunderstorms (70%) and Odisha
recorded next highest (28%). Very less thunderstorm activity was seen over Bihar and Jharkhand.
Fairly widespread thunderstorm activity (> 15 thunderstorms) was recorded in the region on 3 and 7
June (Fig 2.9c).
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The frequency of thunderstorms was highest during evening for March, April and May and during
afternoon in June followed by afternoon in March and April, night in May and evening in June.
Statewise, highest thunderstorm activity was observed over West Bengal followed by Odisha in all
the months. No thunderstorm activity was recorded in Bihar in March and in Jharkhand in April. In
May and June the least thunderstorm frequency was observed in Jharkhand. For storm period as a
whole {Fig 2.10a), the highest frequency was during evening (33%) followed by night (24%). The
frequency was least during forenoon (10%). Statewise (Fig 2.10 b), the highest number of
thunderstorms during the whole Storm Period were recorded in West Bengal i.e. 473(68%) which is
more than half of the total events, followed by Odisha i.e. 184(27%). Monthwise (Fig 7.10c), the
highest frequency of thunderstorms was observed in May {328 (47%)} which indicates that on an
average nearly 10 events were recorded per day in May. This was followed by April {160(23%)}.
The frequency was least for Jharkhand {12(02%)}. The highest thunderstorm events on a single day
were 33 on 3 May followed by 28 events recorded on 25 May.
(c) South Peninsular India (15 March to 15 June):
15 -31 March, 2014
Fig 2.11a and b. Very less number of thunderstorms occurred over the region in March. Out of total 5
thunderstorms 2 were recorded in the evening and two in afternoon. Kerala recorded four
thunderstorms on 22, 23 March and Karnataka recorded one 31 March (Fig 2.11c).
1-30 April, 2014
Highest number of thunderstorms in the region were recorded in the evening, followed by afternoon.
Kerala recorded highest number of thunderstorms (46%) and Karnataka recorded next highest
followed closely by Andhra Pradesh. Very less thunderstorm activity was seen over Tamil Nadu.
Fairly widespread thunderstorm activity (> 15 thunderstorms) was recorded in the region on 24 April,
2014 in association with the wind discontinuity at 0.9 km a.s.l. from Sub-Himalayan West Bengal &
Sikkim to Comorin area, which strengthened in association with the Jet stream with the core winds
>100 kts passing over central India at 200 hPa.
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1-31 May, 2014
Highest number of thunderstorms in the region were recorded in the evening, followed by night.
Andhra Pradesh recorded highest number of thunderstorms (43%) , Karnataka recorded next highest
(28%), Kerala recorded 21% and Tamil Nadu recorded the remaining 8% thunderstorms. Fairly
widespread thunderstorm activity (> 15 thunderstorms) was recorded in the region on a number of
days (Fig 2.13c).
1-15 June, 2014
2.14a and b. Highest number of thunderstorms in the region were recorded in the night, closely
followed by evening. Andhra Pradesh recorded highest number of thunderstorms (38%), Kerala next
highest (27%), Karnataka recorded 20% of the thunderstorms and Tamilnadu recorded least (15%).
Fairly widespread thunderstorm activity (> 15 thunderstorms) was recorded in the region on 6 June
(Fig 2.14c).
The frequency was highest during evening for April & May and during night in June followed by
afternoon in April, night in May and evening in June. In March the frequency was highest during
afternoon and evening followed by night. No Thunderstorm activity was observed in morning and
forenoon during March. State wise highest frequency was observed in Kerala followed by Karnataka
in March & April and over Andhra Pradesh in May & June followed by Karnataka in May and
Kerala in June. The least frequency was recorded over Tamilnadu in all the months. No
Thunderstorm was recorded in Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu in March. The highest frequency of
thunderstorms was 2 in March, 15 in April, 26 in May & 15 in June. For storm period as a whole (Fig
2.15a), the frequency was highest during evening (43%) followed by night (28%). The frequency was
least during forenoon (03%). Statewise for whole Storm Period (Fig 2.15b), the highest number of
thunderstorms were recorded in Andhra Pradesh i.e. 194(34%) followed by Kerala i.e. 168(30%).
The least frequency was observed over Tamilnadu i.e. 44(08%). Taking monthwise for storm period
as a whole (Fig 2.15c), the highest frequency of thunderstorms was observed in May i.e. 292 (52%)
which indicates that more than half of the total events occurred in May and on an average more than
9 events were recorded per day in May. The next higher frequency was observed in April i.e.
12
191(34%). The highest thunderstorm events recorded were 26 on 19 May followed by 17 on 29 and 5
May.
(d) Central India (1 April to 15 June-2014) :
1-30 April, 2014
Chhattisgarh recorded highest number of thunderstorms (53%) and Madhya Pradesh recorded next
highest (34%), followed by Vidarbha (13%). Scattered thunderstorm activity (> 10 thunderstorms)
was recorded in the region on 15, 17 & 18 April, 2014 in association with the wind discontinuity at
0.9 km a.s.l. passing from Vidarbha and which strengthened in association with the Jet stream
passing over central India at 200 hPa.
1-31 May, 2014
Chhattisgarh recorded highest number of thunderstorms (40%), Madhya Pradesh recorded next
highest (37%), and Vidarbha recorded the remaining 23% thunderstorms. Scattered thunderstorm
activity was recorded over the region on 4, 5 and 25 May with highest number of thunderstorms (16)
recorded on 25 May (Fig 2.17c).
1-15 June, 2014
2.18a and b. Highest number of thunderstorms in the region were recorded in the evening and night
with 23 thunderstorm events each. Madhya Pradesh recorded highest number of thunderstorms
(48%), Chhattisgarh next highest (31%) and Vidarbha recorded 21% thunderstorms. Scattered
thunderstorm activity was over the region on 14 June with 13 thunderstorm events (Fig 2.18c).
Entire Storm Period (1 April -15 June, 2014)
The frequency was highest during evening for April and May followed by night. In June, the
frequency was equal during evening and night followed by afternoon. The frequency was least in
forenoon in April & June. In May the frequency was least during forenoon and morning with 5
thunderstorm events each. Statewise highest frequency of thunderstorms was recorded over
13
Chhattisgarh in April & May and Madhya Pradesh in June followed by Madhya Pradesh in April &
May and Chhattisgarh in June. Highest frequency of thunderstorms was 20 in April, 16 in May and
13 in June. For Storm Period as a whole {Fig 2.19(a)}, the frequency was highest during evening i.e.
119(40%) followed by night 88(30%). Least frequency of 10(03%) was observed in forenoon.
Statewise {Fig 2.19(b)}, the highest number of thunderstorms during the whole Storm Period were
recorded in Chhattisgarh i.e. 127(43%) followed by Madhya Pradesh i.e. 113(38%). Vidarbha
recorded the least number of thunder storms i.e. 55(19%). Taking monthwise for the entire Storm
Period (Fig 2.19c), the highest frequency of thunderstorms was observed in April i.e. 117(40%)
followed by May i.e. 113(38%). The frequency was least in June i.e. 65(22%). On a single day the
highest thunderstorm events recorded were 20 on 18 April followed by 16 on 17 April.
(e) West India (15 April to 15 June):
15-30 April, 2014
The diurnal and state wise distribution of thunderstorms for April is shown in Fig 2.20 a & b. Highest
number of thunderstorms in the region were recorded in the evening, followed by night. Maharashtra
recorded highest number of thunderstorms (7) and Gujarat and Konkan & Goa recorded one each.
Two to three were the highest number of thunderstorms recorded in the region on 20 and 22 April, in
association with the induced circulation, due to the approaching western disturbance over Northern
India (Fig 2.20c).
1-31 May, 2014
Gujarat recorded highest number of thunderstorms (22), Maharashtra recorded next highest (12). The
thunderstorm activity was isolated over the region with the highest number of thunderstorms (6)
recorded on 10May (Fig 2.21c).
1-15 June, 2014
2.22a and b. Highest number of thunderstorms in the region was recorded in the evening, closely
followed by night and morning. Konkan & Goa recorded highest number of thunderstorms (6)
,Maharashtra next highest (5) and Gujarat recorded four thunderstorms . The thunderstorm activity
14
was isolated over the region with the highest number of thunderstorms (4) recorded on 15 June (Fig
2.22c).
Entire Storm Period (15 April -15 June, 2014)
The frequency was highest during evening for April and May followed by night in both months .In
June, the frequency was highest & equal during morning, evening and night followed by forenoon.
No thunderstorm activity was observed in forenoon during April and in morning & forenoon during
May. In June, the frequency was least in afternoon. Statewise, the frequency was highest in
Maharashtra in April, Gujarat in May and Konkan and Goa in June. The highest frequency was 3 in
April, 6 in May and 4 in June. For Storm Period as a whole {Fig 2.23(a)}, the frequency was highest
during evening i.e. 27(45%) followed by night i.e. 18(30%). Least frequency of 2(03%) was observed
in forenoon. Statewise (Fig 2.23b), the highest number of thunderstorms during the whole Storm
Period were recorded in Gujarat i.e. 27(45%) followed by Maharashtra i.e. 26(43%). Konkan & Goa
recorded the least frequency of 07(12%).Taking monthwise for the entire Storm Period (Fig 2.23c),
the highest frequency of thunderstorms was observed in May i.e. 36 (60%) followed by June i.e.
15(25%). The highest thunderstorm events recorded on a single day were 6 on 10 May followed by 4
events on 6 May, 18 May and 15 June.
(f) Northwest India (15 March to 15 June):
15 -31 March, 2014
Fig 2.24a and b. Maximum thunderstorms in the region were recorded in night, followed by evening.
Haryana and Punjab recorded highest number of thunderstorms (60%) as compared to other states.
Fairly widespread thunderstorm activity (15 Thunderstorms) was recorded in the region on 17&18
March, 2014 due to the westerly trough at 500 hPa and the induced cyclonic circulation over Punjab
and adjoining area (Fig 2.24c).
1-30 April, 2014
Highest number of thunderstorms in the region were recorded in the night, followed by morning.
Rajasthan recorded highest number of thunderstorms (80) followed by Punjab,Jammu and Kashmir
and Uttar Pradesh. Fairly widespread thunderstorm activity (> 30 thunderstorms) was recorded in the
15
region on 16, 17 and 18 April, 2014 in association with the westerly trough approaching Jammu and
Kashmir and Jet stream lying over the region at 200hPa.
1-31 May, 2014
The diurnal and state wise distribution of thunderstorms for May is shown in Fig 2.26 a and b.
Highest number of thunderstorms in the region were recorded in the evening , followed by morning.
Jammu and Kashmir recorded highest number of thunderstorms (32%) followed by Rajasthan (22%).
Fairly widespread thunderstorm activity (> 50 thunderstorms) was recorded in the region on 4 and 13
May, 2014 in association with the westerly trough located at 500 hPa along long 700 N and North of
lat. 300 on 4 May with Induced cyclonic circulation over Punjab and adjoining. In upper level (200
hPa) strong subtropical westerly jet stream was located over Northwest India with core speed of 100
Kts on 13 May (Fig 2.26c).
1-15 June, 2014
The diurnal and state wise distribution of thunderstorms for June (1-15) is shown in Fig 2.27 a and
b. Highest number of thunderstorms in the region were recorded in the evening, followed by
morning. Jammu and Kashmir again recorded highest number of thunderstorms as compared to other
states. Fairly widespread thunderstorm activity (> 70 thunderstorms) was recorded in the region on 1
June (Fig 2.27c).
The frequency was highest during night for March & April and during evening in June followed by
evening in March, morning in April and night in May & June. Statewise, the highest number of
thunderstorms were recorded over Haryana (22) in March, Rajasthan (77) in April and J & K in May
(250) and June (161) followed by Punjab in March (21) & April (55), Rajasthan (195) in May and
U.P. (47) in June. The least thunderstorm activity was observed over Delhi (0) in March, Delhi and
Uttarakhand (11each) in April and Uttarakhand in May (23) and June (6). The highest thunderstorm
frequency on a single day was 17 in March, 61 in April, 66 in May and 75 in June. For Storm Period
as a whole (Fig 2.28a), the frequency was highest during night i.e. {446(30%)}) followed by evening
i.e. {435(30%)}. The frequency was least during forenoon i.e. 114(08%). Statewise (Fig 2.28b), the
frequency was highest in Jammu & Kashmir with a total of 369(25%) thunderstorms followed by
Rajasthan 322(22%) thunderstorms during the entire Storm Period. The frequency was least for
Uttarakhand 44(03%). Taking monthwise for entire Storm Period (Fig 2.28c), the highest frequency
16
of thunderstorms was observed in May 857 (58%) which indicates that on an average more than 27
events were recorded per day over the region in May. The next higher frequency was observed in
April 300 (20%). The least frequency was observed in March 80(06%). The highest thunderstorm
events on a single day were 75 reported on 1 June followed by 66 events 13 May.
2.2 Country as a whole:
The total of 3608 thunderstorm events were recorded over the country during the entire Storm
Period-2014. Time period wise (Fig 2.29a) for entire country, the thunderstorm events were highest
during evening i.e. 1161(32%) followed by night i.e. 1033(29%) and least during forenoon i.e.
294(08%). Regionwise for entire country (Fig 2.29b), the frequency was highest in Northwest India
1469 which accounted for 41% of the total thunderstorm events followed by East India i.e.
691(19%). West India recorded only 60(02%) of the total thunderstorm events. Taking statewise for
the entire Storm Period (Fig 2.29c), the highest frequency of thunderstorm events was observed over
West Bengal i.e. 473 (13%) followed by J & K which recorded 369 (10%) events of thunderstorm.
The least no. of Thunderstorm events were recorded over Konkan & Goa i.e. 7 (less than 1%)
followed by Jharkhand which recorded 12 thunderstorm events. The highest number of thunderstorm
events on a single day in entire country were 114 reported on 4 May followed by 113 events reported
on 17 April. Northwest India recorded the highest thunderstorm activity of 75 on a single day on 1
June. It was noticed that the peak thunderstorm activity on a single day was recorded in May for all
the regions except Central India in which peak thunderstorm activity was recorded in April. The
study shows that the major areas of thunderstorm activities are Northwest India, East India, South
Peninsular India and Northeast India.
As the frequency of thunderstorm activity was highest during evening hours followed by
night, the number of thunder storm events occurred during evening and night hours over different
regions were compared (Fig 2.29d). It was observed that for East India, South Peninsular India, West
India and Central India the frequency was higher in evening hours while for Northeast and Northwest
India the frequency was more during night hours. Also, it was noticed (Fig 2.29e) that in all the
months except March for country as a whole the frequency of thunderstorm events was highest in
evening hours followed by night hours. For March, the frequency was highest during night hours
followed by evening hours.
17
Fig2.1a No. of events of Thunderstorms over Northeast India in various time periods of a day during
the month of March, 2014
Fig 2.1b No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded in different states of Northeast India during the
month of March, 2014
Fig 2.1c Datewise events of Thunderstorms recorded over Northeast India during the month of
March, 2014
18
Fig 2.2a No. of events of Thunderstorms over Northeast India in various time periods of a day during
the month of April, 2014
Fig 2.2b No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded in different states of Northeast India during the
month of April, 2014
Fig 2.2c Datewise events of Thunderstorms recorded over Northeast India during the month
of April, 2014
19
Fig 2.3a No. of events of Thunderstorms over Northeast India in various time periods of a day
during the month of May, 2014
Fig 2.3b No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded in different states of Northeast India during
the month of May, 2014
Fig 2.3c Datewise events of Thunderstorms recorded over Northeast India during the month
of May, 2014
20
Fig 2.4a No. of events of Thunderstorms over Northeast India in various time periods of a day
during the month of June, 2014
Fig 2.4b No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded in different states of Northeast India during
The month of June, 2014
Fig 2.4c Datewise events of Thunderstorms recorded over Northeast India during the
month of June, 2014
21
Fig 2.5a No. of events of Thunderstorms over Northeast India in various time periods of a
day during the entire Storm Period-2014
Fig 2.5b No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded over different states of Northeast India
during the entire Storm Period-2014
Fig 2.5c No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded over Northeast India during different
months of Storm Period-2014
22
Fig 2.6a No. of events of Thunderstorms over East India in various time periods of a day
during 2nd fortnight of March, 2014
Fig 2.6b No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded in different states of East India during
2nd fortnight of March, 2014
Fig 2.6c Datewise events of Thunderstorms recorded over East India during 2 nd fortnight
of March, 2014
23
during the Month of April, 2014
Fig 2.7b No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded in different states of East India during the
Fig 2.7c Datewise events of Thunderstorms recorded over East India during the month of
April, 2014
24
Fig 2.8a No. of events of Thunderstorms over East India in various time periods of a day during
The month of May, 2014
Fig 2.8c Datewise events of Thunderstorms recorded over East India during the month of
May, 2014
25
during 1 st fortnight of June, 2014
1st fortnight of June, 2014
Fig 2.9c Datewise events of Thunderstorms recorded over East India during
26
Fig 2.10b No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded over different states of East India during
the entire Storm Period-2014
Fig 2.10c No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded over different states of East India during
different months of Storm Period-2014
27
Fig 2.11a No. of events of Thunderstorms over South Peninsular India in various time periods
of a day during the month of March, 2014
Fig 2.11b No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded in different states of South Peninsular
India during the month of March, 2014
Fig 2.11c Datewise events of Thunderstorms recorded over South Peninsular India during
the month of March, 2014
28
of a day during the month of April, 2014
Fig 2.12b No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded in different states of South Peninsular India
during the month of April, 2014
the month of April, 2014
29
Fig 2.13a No. of events of Thunderstorms over South Peninsular India in various time periods of a day during
Fig 2.13b No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded in different states of South Peninsular India
30
of a day during 1st fortnight of June, 2014
Fig 2.14(b) No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded in different states of South Peninsular
India during 1st fortnight of June, 2014
31
Fig 2.15a No. of events of Thunderstorms over South Peninsula India in various time periods of a
day during the entire Storm Period-2014
Fig 2.15b No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded over different states of South Peninsular
India during the entire Storm Period-2014
Fig 2.15c No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded over different states of South Peninsular
India during different months of Storm Period-2014
32
Fig 2.16a No. of events of Thunderstorms over Central India in various time periods of a
day during the month of April, 2014
Fig 2.16b No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded in different states of Central India
Fig 2.16c Datewise events of Thunderstorms recorded over Central India during the
33
Fig 2.17a No. of events of Thunderstorms over Central India in various time periods of a day
Fig 2.17c Datewise events of Thunderstorms recorded over Central India during the
month of May, 2014
34
during 1st fortnight of June, 2014
Fig 2.18c Datewise events of Thunderstorms recorded over Central India during
35
Fig 2.19b No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded over different states of Central India
Fig 2.19c No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded over Central India during different
36
Fig 2.20a No. of events of Thunderstorms over West India in various time periods of a day
during 2nd fortnight of April, 2014
Fig 2.20b No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded in different states of West India during
2 nd fortnight of April, 2014
Fig 2.20c Datewise events of Thunderstorms recorded over West India during 2nd fortnight
of April, 2014
37
The month of May, 2014
Fig 2.21c Datewise events of Thunderstorms recorded over West India during the month
of May, 2014
38
Fig 2.22c Datewise events of Thunderstorms recorded over West India during
39
Fig 2.23b No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded over different states of West India
Fig 2.23c No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded over West India during different months
of Storm Period-2014
40
Fig 2.24a No. of events of Thunderstorms over Northwest India in various time periods of a
day during the month of March, 2014
Fig 2.24b No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded in different states of Northwest India
during the month of March, 2014
Fig 2.24c Datewise events of Thunderstorms recorded over Northwest India during the
month of March, 2014
41
day during the month of April, 2014
42
day during the month of May, 2014
month of May, 2014
43
Fig 2.27a No. of events of Thunderstorms over Northwest India in various time periods
of a day during the month of June, 2014
during the month of June, 2014
month of June, 2014
44
Fig 2.28a No. of events of Thunderstorms over Northwest India in various time periods of
a day during the entire Storm Period-2014
Fig 2.28b No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded over different states of Northwest India
Fig 2.28c No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded over Northwest India during different
45
Fig 2.29a No. of events of Thunderstorms over Entire India in various time periods of a day
during whole Storm Period- 2014
Fig 2.29b Statewise events of Thunderstorms recorded over Entire India during whole
Storm Period-2014
Fig 2.29c No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded over different Indian regions during
entire Storm Period-2014
46
Fig 2.29d No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded over different Indian regions during
evening and night hours for entire Storm Period-2014
Fig 2.29e No. of events of Thunderstorms recorded in different months distributed over
different time periods for entire country
47
3
THUNDER SQUALLS RECORDED OVER INDIA DURING
A number of thunderstorms over the country were associated with squalls. As per the
available data, a total of 44 thunder squalls were recorded over the country during the period from 15
March to 15 June. Table 3a, b, c & f give the details of thunder squall events over Northeast, South
Peninsular and Northwest India respectively during the period 15 March to 15 June, 2014. Table 3d
represents the details thunder squall events over Central India during the period 1 April to 15 June,
2014 and Table 3e gives details of thunder squall events over West India during the period 15 April
to 15 June, 2014.
Table 3a Thunderstorm with Squall recorded over Northeast India during Storm Period 2014
S. No. Date Met Sub State Station Realised Duration (IST)

Division Weather
1. 22-03-2014 NMMT Tripura Agartala Thunder with TS: 22/2050 - 22/2255,
Squall Squall: 22/2135 - 22/2137; SW’ly
dir. with max wind speed 68
Kmph.
2. 26-04-2014 Assam and Assam Silchar Thunder with TS: 26/1830 - 27/0020. Squall:
Meghalaya Squall 26/1932 - 26/1934.
3. 29-04-2014 NNMT Tripura Agartala Thunder with TS : 29/1855 - 30/0040, Squall:
Squall 29/2235 - 29/2236.
4. 08-05-2014 NMMT Tripura Agartala Thunder with TS : 08/1405 to 08/2150, Squall
Squall at 08/1808.
5. 14-05-2014 Assam and Assam North Thunder with TS: 14/1930 to 14/2010, 14/2110
Meghalaya Lakhimpur Squall to 14/2245.
Squall: 14/2015 to 14/2020
Table 3b Thunderstorm with Squall recorded over East India during Storm Period- 2014
S. No. Date Met Sub State Station Realised Weather Duration (IST)
Division
1. 25-03-2014 West Bengal GWB Alipore Thunderstorm Squall: 25/1531 - 25/1532, NW dir.
With Squall with max wind speed 58 Kmph
2. 11-04-2014 West Bengal GWB Digha Thunder Squall Thunder Squall : 11/1814-
11/1815, SW’ly dir. with max wind
speed 55 Kmph.
3. 12-04-2014 West Bengal GWB Digha Thunder Squall Thunder Squall : 12/1710-
12/1713, NW’ly dir. with max
wind speed 76 Kmph.
4. 16-04-2014 Bihar BIHAR Gaya Thunderstorm TS: 16/1920- 16/1922,
With Squall Squall:16/1920- 16/1922, W’ly
dir. with max wind speed 64 Kmph
5. 02-05-2014 West Bengal GWB Dumdum Thunderstorm TS: 02/1950 – 02/2100,
48
With Squall Squall:02/2025- 02/2026, NW’ly
Kmph.
6. 03-05-2014 West Bengal GWB Alipore Thunder Squall Thunder Squall: 03/1906 –
03/1907, NW’ly dir. with max
wind speed 45 Kmph.
7. 04-05-2014 West Bengal GWB Alipore Thunder Squall TS: 04/1935 – 04/0140,
Squall:04/2015- 04/2016, NW’ly
Kmph.
8. 30-05-2014 West Bengal GWB Malda Thunderstorm TS: 30/0440 – 30/0740,
With Squall Squall: 30/0505 – 30/0506, SW’ly
Kmph.
9. 31-05-2014 West Bengal GWB Alipore Thunderstorm TS: 31/0910 – 31/1500,
With Squall Squall: 31/0855 -31/0856, NW’ly
Kmph.
10. 07-06-2014 West Bengal GWB Alipore Thunder Squall Squall: 07/2022 – 07/2023, From
NW’ly dir. with max wind speed
58 Kmph.
11. 08-06-2014 Odisha ODISHA Gopalpur Thunderstorm TS: 08/2135 – 08/0045, Squall:
With Squall 08/2138 – 08/2143, N’ly dir. with
max wind speed 60 Kmph.
12. 11-06-2014 West Bengal GWB Alipore Thunderstorm TS: 11/1855 – 11/2040, Squall:
With Squall 11/1848 – 11/1849, NW’ly dir.
with max wind speed 54 Kmph.
13. 12-06-2014 West Bengal GWB Alipore Thunder Squall Squall: 12/1813 – 12/1815, NW’ly
Kmph.
14. 12-06-2014 West Bengal GWB Dumdum Thunderstorm TS: 12/1800 – 12/1900, Squall:
With Squall 12/1820 – 12/1821, NW’ly dir.
15. 14-06-2014 West Bengal GWB Alipore Thunder Squall Squall: 14/1622 – 14/1623, NW’ly
Kmph.
16. 15-06-2014 West Bengal GWB Alipore Thunder Squall Squall:15/1515 – 15/1516, NW’ly
Kmph.
Table 3c Thunderstorm with Squall recorded over South Peninsular India during Storm Period- 2014

Division Weather
1. 22-05-2014 South Kerala CWC Thunder With TS: 22/1800 - 22/1810,
Peninsula Visakhapatn Squall Squall: 22/1824-22/1826, NE'ly
am dir. with max wind speed 115
Kmph.
Table 3d Thunderstorm with Squall recorded over Central India during Storm Period- 2014
S. No. Date Met Sub State Station Realised Weather Duration (in IST)
Division
1. 22-04-2014 Central India Madhya Gwalior Squall Squall at 22/2105, NW'ly dir.
Pradesh with max wind speed 46 Kmph.
49
2. 22-04-2014 Central India Madhya IAF Gwalior Squall Squall at 22/2110.
Pradesh
3. 24-05-2014 Central India Madhya Gwalior Thunder with TS: 24/2130 - 24/2215, 24/2345 -
Pradesh Squall 25/0040,
Squall at 24/2120, NW'ly dir. with
4. 31-05-2014 Central India Madhya Gwalior Thunder with TS: 31/1710 - 31/1915,
Pradesh Squall Squall at 31/1720, W'ly dir. with
Table 3e Thunderstorm with Squall recorded over West India during Storm Period- 2014

Division Weather
1. 06-05-2014 West India Gujarat M.C. Thunderstorm TS: 06/1755 - 06/2100,
Ahmadabad With Squall Squall: 06/1830 - 06/1835, SW’ly dir.
with max. wind speed 68 Kmph.
Ahmadabad with Squall Squall: 10/1908 - 10/1918, S’ly dir.
Ahmadabad with Squall Squall: 13/2005 - 13/2015 , SW’ly dir.
with max. wind speed 48 Kmph,
4. 02-06-2014 West India Gujarat M.C. Thunderstorm TS: 02/0045,
Ahmadabad with Squall Squall at 02/0003 , NNE’ly with max.
wind speed 50 Kmph,
Table 3f Thunderstorm with Squall recorded over Northwest India during Storm Period- 2014

Division Weather
1 17-04-2014 Northwest Delhi MO Thunderstorm TS: 17/2245-18/0115,
India Safdarjung with Squall Squall from WSW’ly dir. with max
wind speed 78 Kmph.
2 18-04-2014 Northwest Delhi MO Thunderstorm TS: 18/0415- 18/0645,
India Safdarjung with Squall Squall: 18/0505- 18/0507, SW’ly dir.
3 26-04-2014 Northwest Delhi MO Thunderstorm TS: 26/2245-27/0115,
India Safdarjung with Squall Squall: 26/2153- 26/2155, SW’ly dir.
4 02-05-2014 Northwest Haryana Chandigarh Squall Squall from NW’ly dir. with max. wind
India (IAF) speed 65 Kmph.
5 03-05-2014 Northwest Delhi MO Squall Squall: 03/1824-03/1825, W’ly dir.
India Safdarjung with max. wind 44 Kmph.
6 04-05-2014 Northwest Haryana Chandigarh Squall SQUALL: PERIOD, NW’ly dir. with
India (IAF) max. wind speed 65 Kmph.
7 05-05-2014 Northwest Delhi Safdarjung Thunderstorm TS: 05/1554-05/1640,
India with Squall Squall: 05/1552-05/1554, S’ly dir. with
max. wind speed 84 Kmph.
8 08-05-2014 Northwest Delhi Safdarjung Thunderstorm TS: 08/1820-08/2020, Squall: 08/1825-
India with Squall 08/1826, SW’ly dir. with max. wind
speed 100 Kmph.
India with Squall SQUALL: 10/1658-10/1659, S’ly dir.
50
10 25-05-2014 Northwest Delhi Safdarjung Squall Squall: 25/2025-25/2027, N’ly dir.
India with max. wind speed 60 Kmph.
11 25-05-2014 Northwest Delhi AMO Palam Thunderstorm TS: 25/2000- 25/2035,
India with Squall Squall: 25/2035-25/2036, N’ly dir. with
12 30-05-2014 Northwest Delhi Safdarjung Thunderstorm TS: 30/1721- 30/1735,
India with Squall Squall: 30/1658-30/1703, NW’ly dir.
13 30-05-2014 Northwest Delhi AMO Palam Thunderstorm TS: 30/1720- 30/1850,
India with Squall Squall: 30/1654-30/1655, N’ly with
India With Squall Squall: 01/2139-01/2140, SW’ly dir.
3.1 Regionwise & Statewise Distribution
Taking regionwise (Fig 3a), it was observed that the highest thunder squall events were recorded over
East India (16) followed by Northwest India (12). South Peninsular India recorded the least number
of thunder squalls (1). Statewise (Fig 3b), West Bengal recorded maximum number of thundersqualls
(14) followed by Delhi (12). The states Mizoram, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya,
Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Konkan & Goa, Vidarbha, Chhattisgarh, Jammu
& Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh did not record any
thunder squalls during the Storm Period.
Fig 3a Regionwise distribution of Thunder squalls recorded over the country during Storm Period-2014
51
Fig 3b Statewise distribution of Thunder squalls recorded over the country during Storm Period-2014
3.2 Diurnal Occurrence of Thundersqualls:
Distribution based upon time series (Fig 3c) shows that the highest thunder squall events were
recorded during evening hours (45%) followed by night hours (41%) i.e about 86% thunder squalls
occurred during evening and night (1600 to 0400hrs IST). Least thundersquall activity (02%) was
recorded during forenoon hours.
Fig 3c Diurnal distribution of Thunder squalls recorded over the country during Storm Period-2014
3.3 Distribution based on Maximum Speed and Direction:
The thunder squalls were analysed based on maximum wind speed and direction of approach. It was
observed (Fig 3d) that 47% of the total squalls fell in the wind speed range 22-30Kts followed by
52
31% in the range 31-40Kts i.e. about 78% of the total thunder squalls were in the speed range 22-
40Kts. Least thunder squalls were within speed range 51-60Kts (03%). No thunder squall was
recorded with max wind speed range greater than 62-70Kts. The thunder squall with highest
maximum wind speed of 115Kmph (62Kts) was recorded over AMO Palam, New Delhi on 30 May.
Direction wise, it was noticed (Fig 3e) that 45% of the total thunder squalls approached from
Northwest direction followed by 26% from Southwest direction i.e. both the directions accounted for
71% of the total thunder squalls. No thunder squall approached from Easterly and South-easterly
direction.
Fig 3d Distribution of Thunder squalls based upon max wind speed
Fig 3e Distribution of Thunder squalls based upon direction of approach during
Storm Period-2014
53
4
HAILSTORMS RECORDED OVER INDIA DURING
Hail is precipitation in the form of small balls or irregular lumps of ice with diameter ranging
from 5 to 50mm or even more. Hail forms in strong thunderstorm clouds also called Cumulonimbus
(Cb) clouds, particularly those with intense updrafts, high liquid water content, great vertical extent,
large water droplets, and where a good portion of the cloud layer is below freezing 0 °C. The general
atmospheric conditions under which hailstorms occur are as follows:
1) High instability, with Cb clouds growing to very high levels.

2) Presence of large vertical currents inside the clouds. Large vertical current is associated
with large thermal instability. The hail size is proportional to the updraft velocity in the
thunder cloud.
3) High moisture content in the atmosphere. The greater the moisture content, the larger is
the size of the hailstorms.
4) Lower freezing level is conducive to hailstorms. One of the factors favourable for
hailstorms in north and central India in winter and early spring is the lower freezing
levels. Large hails are generally reported with wet bulb Zero heights in the rage of 2 to 3
Km.
5) Earlier analysis of upper tropospheric conditions on the days of hailstorms show that the
occurrence of hails over central and southern Peninsula was generally associated with
deep upper tropospheric westerly trough and the associated STJ core coming down to
lower latitudes.
During Storm Period-2014, hailstorms were also associated with a number of thunderstorms.
As per the available data, a total of 68 hailstorms were recorded over the country during the period
from 15 March to 15 June. Table 4a ,b, c & e depict the details of hailstorm events recorded over
Northeast, East, South Peninsular and Northwest India respectively during the period 15 March to 15
June, 2014. Table 4d represents the details of hailstorm events over Central India during the period
15 April to 15 June, 2014.
54
Table 4a Thunderstorm with Hail recorded over Northeast India during Storm Period- 2014

Division Weather
1. 20-03-2014 Assam and Assam Tezpur Thunderstorm TS: 20/1945 - 20/2050,
Meghalaya with Hail Hail: 20/2010 -20/2013
size =2cms.
2. 21-03-2014 NMMT Manipur Imphal Hail Hail: 21/0215-21/0235,
3. 23-03-2014 Assam and Meghalaya Shillong Thunderstorm TS: 23/ 0930 - 23/1245,
Meghalaya with Hail Hail: 23/1055 - 23/1120,
size= 0.4cm,
4. 04-04-2014 Assam and Meghalaya Shillong Thunderstorm TS: 04/0345 - 04/0545, 04/1515 -
Meghalaya with Hail 04/2330,
Hail: 04/1605 - 04/1620 having
hail size 12mm to 15mm.
5. 07-04-2014 NNMT Tripura Agartala Thunderstorm TS: 07/2320 - 08/0145.
with Hail Hail: 07/2340 - 08/0000 having
diameter 3cm.
6. 08-04-2014 Assam and Meghalaya Barapani Thunderstorm TS: 09/0510 - 09/0640, 08/1250-
Meghalaya with Hail 08/1350, 08/1450-08/1650.
Hail: 08/1550 -08/1602.
7. 03-05-2014 Assam and Meghalaya Barapani Thunderstorm TS: 03/1350 to 03/1700,
Meghalaya with Hail Hail: 03/1315 to 03/1325
having diameter 1 cm.
Table 4b Thunderstorm with Hail recorded over East India during Storm Period- 2014

Division Weather
1. 19-03-2014 West Bengal SHWB & Gangtok Hailstorm Hail Storm: 19/1302 – 19/1306,
SIKKIM Diameter Not Mentioned
2. 19-03-2014 West Bengal SHWB & Tadong Hailstorm Hail Storm: 19/1400 – 19/1405
SIKKIM With Estimated Diameter 01 Cm
3. 19-03-2014 West Bengal SHWB & Darjeeling Hailstorm Hail Storm: 19/1730 – 19/1735
SIKKIM With Estimated Diameter 0.5 Cm
4. 22-03-2014 West Bengal GWB Sriniketan Hailstorm Hail Storm: 22/1750 - 22/1800
With Approx. Diameter 1.5 Cm.
5. 23-03-2014 West Bengal GWB Pet Canning Hailstorm Hail Storm: 23/1830 - 23/1930
With Approx. Dia-1.0 Cm
6. 24-03-2014 West Bengal GWB Rampurhat Hailstorm Hail Storm: 24/1310- 24/1320
With Approx. Dia-1.5 Cm.
7. 11-04-2014 Odisha ODISHA Balasore Hailstorm Hail Storm : 1620- 1625, Dia-0.4
Cm (Approx.).
8. 14-04-2014 West Bengal SHWB & Gangtok Thunder With Hail TS: 1520 – 1730,
SIKKIM Hailstorm :1620 - 1622
9. 17-04-2014 West Bengal SHWB & Tadong Thunder With Hail TS: 1215 – 1335, 1545 – 1732,
SIKKIM Hail Storm : 1315- 1317,
10. 19-04-2014 West Bengal SHWB & Gangtok Thunder With Hail TS: 1520 – 1945,
SIKKIM Hail Storm: 1650 - 1652
11. 19-04-2014 West Bengal SHWB & Tadong Thunder With Hail TS: 1415 – 1525, 1545 – 1915,
SIKKIM Hail Storm: 1831- 1833, Dia –
Less Than 01cm.
55
12. 26-04-2014 West Bengal SHWB & Gangtok Thunder With Hail Ts: 1215– 1630,
SIKKIM Hail Storm: 1355 – 1402
13. 01-05-2014 West Bengal SHWB & Gangtok Thunder With Hail TS: 0715 – 0845, 1345 – 1930,
SIKKIM Hail Storm:1431 – 1434,
14. 01-05-2014 West Bengal SHWB & Gangtok Thunder With Hail TS: 0715 – 0845, 1345 – 1930,
SIKKIM Hail Storm: 1454 – 1457
15. 01-05-2014 Odisha ODISHA Jharsuguda Thunder With Hail TS: 1900 - 2250 ,
Hail Storm: 1918 – 1920 IST With
Dia-01 Cm (Approx)
16. 03-05-2014 West Bengal GWB Sriniketan Hail Storm Hail Storm: 0935 – 0940, With
Dia. Approx. 01.5 Cm
17. 06-05-2014 West Bengal SHWB & Malda Hail Storm Hail Storm Occurred At Some
SIKKIM Places (As Per Media Report)
18. 06-05-2014 West Bengal GWB Birbhum Hail Storm Hail Storm Occurred At Some
Places (As Per Media Report)
19. 07-05-2014 West Bengal SHWB & Malda Hail Storm Hail Storm: 1438 – 1444, With
SIKKIM Approx. Dia. 1.8 Cm
20. 07-05-2014 West Bengal SHWB & Coochbehar Hail Storm Hail Storm: 2035 – 2038,
SIKKIM
21. 14-05-2014 West Bengal SHWB & Gangtok Hail Storm Hail Storm: 1540 – 1543, 1550 –
SIKKIM 1552
Table 4c Thunderstorm with Hail recorded over South Peninsular India during Storm Period- 2014

Division Weather
1. 15-04-2014 South Karnataka Haveri Thunderstorm TS With Hail: 15/1745- 15/1830,
Peninsula With Hail Diameter Measuring 1.5 Cm
2. 27-05-2014 South Karnataka Gulbarga Thunderstorm TS : 27/1240- 27/1740,

Peninsula With Hail Hail: 27/1310- 27/1320
Table 4d Thunderstorm with Hail recorded over Central India during Storm Period- 2014
S. No. Date Met Sub State Station Realised Weather Duration (IST)
Division
1. 16-04-2014 Central India Chhattisgarh Pendra Road Thunderstorm with TS: 16/1425 - 16/1540
Hail HAIL: 16/1435 - 16/1445,
2. 02-06-2014 Central India Madhya Satna Thunderstorm with TS: 02/2045 - 02/2345,
Pradesh Hail HAIL: 02/2045 - 02/2115
3. 02-06-2014 Central India Madhya Satna Thunderstorm with TS: 02/2045 - 02/2345,
Pradesh Hail HAIL: 02/2340 - 03/0030,
4. 03-06-2014 Central India Chhattisgarh Jagdalpur Thunderstorm with TS: 03/1815 - 03/2300,
Hail HAIL: 03/1820 - 03/1825,
Note: No. Hailstorm event was recorded in West India during Storm Period-2014
Table 4e Thunderstorm with Hail recorded over Northwest India during Storm Period- 2014
S. No. Date Met Sub State Station Realised Duration (IST) Dura
Division Weather
1. 18-03-2014 Northwest Himachal M. O. ShimlaThunderstorm with TS: 18/1220-18/1245, 18/1417-
India Pradesh Hail 18/1725, Hail: 1245- 1246 with
dia 0.1 cm
2. 18-03-2014 Northwest Himachal M. O. ShimlaThunderstorm with TS: 18/1220-18/1245, 18/1417-
56
India Pradesh Hail 18/1725, Hail: 1415-1417 with
dia 0.5 cm,
3 18-03-2014 Northwest Himachal AMS Shimla Hail Hail: 18/1357-18/1400 with
India Pradesh dia 0.9 cm,
4 18-04-2014 Northwest Uttrakhand M. C. Thunderstorm with TS: 18/0345 - 18/0910,
India Dehradun Hail Hail: 19/0555 - 18/0557,
5 22-03-2014 Northwest Himachal M. O. ShimlaThunderstorm with TS: 22/1605 - 22/1740,
India Pradesh Hail Hail: 22/1745- 22/1746 with
dia 0.2 cm,
6 07-04-2014 Northwest Himachal M. O. ShimlaThunderstorm with TS: 07/1310 - 07/1800,
India Pradesh Hail Hail: 07/1358-07/1400 with
dia 0.2 cm.
7 07-04-2014 Northwest Himachal M. O. Thunderstorm with TS: 07/1310 - 07/1800,
India Pradesh Shimla Hail Hail: 07/1723-07/1725 with
dia 0.2 cm,
8 07-04-2014 Northwest Himachal AMS Thunderstorm TS: 1615-1616, 1710-1740,
India Pradesh Kangra with Hail Hail: 1615-1616 with dia 1.3 cm,
9 18-04-2014 Northwest Punjab Amritsar Thunderstorm TS: 18/0320-18/0520, 18/0558-
India with Hail 18/0830, 18/1700-18/2130,
Hail: 18/1752- 18/1811, with
dia 0.3 cm
10 19-04-2014 Northwest Himachal M. O. Thunderstorm TS: 19/1240-19/1300,
India Pradesh Shimla with Hail Hail: 19/1240-19/1242 with dia
0.1 cm
11 25-04-2014 Northwest Jammu & Batote Thunderstorm TS: 25/1625-25/1910,
India Kashmir with Hail Hail: 25/1700-25/1702,
12 25-04-2014 Northwest Jammu & Pahalgam Thunderstorm TS: 25/1800-25/1830,
India Kashmir with Hail Hail: 25/1752- 25/1811, with
dia 0.3 cm
13 02-05-2014 Northwest Uttar Pradesh IAF Thunder with TS: 02/2040-02/2300;
India Bareilly Hail Hail: 02/2125-02/2135,
14 04-05-2014 Northwest Jammu & Banihal Thunderstorm TS: 04/1600-04/1930,
India Kashmir with Hail Hail: 04/1635-041640, with
dia 0.5 cm
15 04-05-2014 Northwest Himachal PBO Thunderstorm TS: 04/1648-04/2255,
India Pradesh with Hail Hail: 04/1707-04/1711, with
Sundernagar dia 0.36 cm
16 05-05-2014 Northwest Himachal AMS, Thunderstorm TS: 05/1326-05/1422,
India Pradesh Shimla with Hail Hail: 1418-1422 with dia 0.3 cm,
17 07-05-2014 Northwest Jammu & Kokernag Thunderstorm TS: 07/11350-07/1610, 07/1815-
India Kashmir with Hail 07/1905, Hail: 07/1500-07/1503,
with dia 0.3 cm
18 10-05-2014 Northwest Jammu & Qazigund Thunderstorm TS: 10/1230-10/1530,
19 13-05-2014 Northwest Rajasthan Ajmer Thunderstorm TS: 13/1915-13/2230,
India with Hail Hail: 13/2035-13/2036,
India Kashmir with Hail Hail: 14/1520-14/1530, with dia
0.5cm
0.3cm
with dia 0.2cm
0.2cm
57
24 19-05-2014 Northwest Jammu & Kokernag Thunderstorm TS: 19//1510-19/1545,
India Kashmir with Hail Hail: 19/1725-19/1727, , with
dia 0.2cm
India Kashmir with Hail Hail: 20/1234-20/1237
India Kashmir with Hail Hail: 20/1303-20/1310, with
dia 0.1cm
India Kashmir with Hail Hail: 22/2003-22/2006
28 23-05-2014 Northwest Jammu & Batote Hail Hail: 23/2003-23/2006, with
India Kashmir dia 0.5cm
29 23-05-2014 Northwest Rajasthan Churu Thunderstorm TS: 23/1520-23/1610, Hail:
India with Hail 23/1535-23/1540, with dia 0.4 cm
30 24-05-2014 Northwest Delhi Safdarjung Thunderstorm TS: 24/0200-24/0300, 24/1832-
India with Hail 24/2100, Hail: 24/1903-24/1915,
with dia 1.0 cm
31 30-05-2014 Northwest Jammu & Pahalgam Thunderstorm TS: 30/1920-30/1950, Hail:
India Kashmir with Hail 30/1935-30/1940, with dia 1.0 cm
32 01-06-2014 Northwest Jammu & Pahalgam Thunderstorm TS: 01/1600-1630, Hail: 01/2135-
India Kashmir with Hail 01/2150, with dia 1.0 cm
33 01-06-2014 Northwest Jammu & Katra Thunderstorm TS: 01/0330-01/0610, 01/1240-
India Kashmir with Hail 01/1310, 01/1710-01/1920,
Hail: 01/1740-01/1745, with
dia 0.5cm
34 01-06-2014 Northwest Himachal Shimla Thunderstorm TS: 1640-1709,
India Pradesh with Hail Hail: 1709-1719, with dia 1.0 cm
4.1 Regionwise & Statewise Distribution:
It was observed (Fig 4a) that the highest hailstorm events were recorded over Northwest India (34) followed
by East India (21) which both accounted for about 81% of the total hailstorm events over the country. No
hailstorm event was recorded over West India during the Storm Period-2014. Statewise (Fig 4b), West Bengal
recorded maximum number of hailstorms (21) followed by Jammu & Kashmir (15). No hailstorm was
recorded in the states Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamilnadu,
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Konkan & Goa, Vidarbha and Haryana.
Fig 4a Region wise distribution of Hailstorms recorded over the country during Storm Period-2014
58
Fig 4b State wise distribution of Hailstorms recorded over the country during Storm Period-2014
4.2 Diurnal Occurrence of Hailstorms:
Diurnal distribution of hailstorm events was studied for the storm period (Fig 4c). It was observed
that the highest hailstorm events were recorded during afternoon hours (41%) followed by evening
hours (39%) which indicates that most (80%) of the total hailstorms were recorded between 1200 to
2000hrs IST. Least hailstorm activity (02%) was recorded during morning hours.
Fig 4c Diurnal distribution of Hailstorms recorded over the country during Storm Period-2014
59
5
THUNDER SQUALL VS. HAILSTORM DURING
A comparative analysis of the thunder squall and hailstorm events was done. Fig 5a gives the
comparative diurnal occurrence of hailstorms and thunder squalls. It shows that the highest hailstorm
activity occurred during afternoon hours followed by evening hours, while highest thunder squall
activity was recorded during evening hours followed by night hours. Most of the thunder squalls
(85%) occurred during evening and night hours (1600 to 0400hrs IST), the hailstorm events occurred
mostly (80%) in afternoon and evening hours (1200 to 2000hrs IST). The least thunder squall
occurred during forenoon hours while least hailstorms were recorded during morning hours. Fig 5 b
& c depict region wise & state wise comparison of hailstorm and thunder squall events respectively.
It was observed that the highest thunder squall activity was recorded over East India followed by
Northwest India but for hailstorm events the scenario was reversed. Northwest India topped the tally
followed by East India. Least squall activity was recorded over South Peninsular India while least
hailstorm activity was over West India where no hailstorm was recorded during the entire storm
period. State wise, West Bengal recorded highest thunder squalls as well as hailstorms.
Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh recorded 15 and 13 hailstorm events respectively during
the storm period and no thundersqualls were reported. Also, hailstorm events were more than the
thunder squalls for all regions except West. All the thunder squall events over West Bengal were
recorded over Gangetic West Bengal while 74 % of the total hailstorms over West Bengal were
recorded in SHWB (Fig 5d).
Fig 5a Diurnal comparative distribution of Hailstorm &Thunder squall events for Storm Period-2014
60
Fig 5b Region wise comparative distribution of Hailstorm &Thunder squall events for
Storm Period-2014
Fig 5c State wise comparative distribution of Hailstorm &Thunder squall events for
Storm Period-2014
Fig 5d Distribution of Thunder squalls & Hailstorms over West Bengal
61
6
THUNDERSTORM DAYS DURING THE
SAARCSTORM PERIOD-2014
The day with one or more thunderstorm over a station was considered as the thunderstorm
day as per IMD convention. Out of total 93 storm days from 15 March to 15 June 2014 over the
country, thunderstorm was observed on 91 days. The no. of thunderstorm days were also calculated
for different stations for each region. Fig 6a to j represent stationwise distribution of thunderstorm
days for each region and Fig 6k gives comparative no. of thunderstorm days over East, Northeast,
South Peninsular and Northwest India during the same period i.e. from 15 March to 15 June, 2014.
The following observations were made:
11.1 Regionwise:
(i) Northeast India: A total of 80 thunderstorm days were observed over Northeast India during
the storm period-2014 (15 March to 15 June). IAF Chabua and Silchar both recorded a
maximum 33 thunderstorm days during the Storm Period followed by IAF Tezpur with 30
thunderstorm days. Dibrugarh and Jorhat recorded minimum 4 thunderstorm days each (Fig
6a).
(ii) East India: Fig 6b represents the stationwise thunderstorm days over West Bengal & Sikkim
whereas Fig 6c gives stationwise thunderstorm days over Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha. East
India recorded a total of 82 thunderstorm days during the storm period-2014 (15 March to 15
June) with maximum of 37 thunderstorm days at Gangtok followed by 34 thunderstorm days
each at IAF Hasimara and IAF Kumbhigram. Bagdogra, Basirhat, Bhirbhum, Darjeeling,
Hirakud, Pat Canning, Rampurhat and Ranchi recoded a minimum 1 thunderstorm day each.
(iii)South Peninsular India: Fig 6d represents the distribution of thunderstorm days over
different stations of Andhra Pradesh & Karnataka and Fig 6e depicts the distribution of
thunderstorm days over different stations of Kerala and Tamilnadu. 76 thunderstorm days
were observed in total over South Peninsular India during the storm period-2014 (15 March to
15 June) with a maximum of 27 thunderstorm days recorded at IAF Hakimpet followed by 24
thunderstorm days over IAF Dundigal. The least no. of thunderstorm days were recorded over
62
AMS Calicut, AMS Kozhikode, MO Kozhikode, Chikkanahallian, Dharwad, Kanyakumari,
Kanyakumari, Kochi Airport, MO Tuni, Palakkad, PBO Chennai, Pondicherry, Punalur,
Tuticorn, Vellanikkara and Vellore with 1 thunderstorm day each.
(iv)Central India: Central India recorded a total of 61thunderstorm days during the storm
period-2014 (1 April to 15 June) with maximum 29 thunderstorm days over Jagdalpur
followed by 27 thunderstorm days over Nagpur. MO Bairagarh recorded only 1 thunderstorm
day during the entire storm period (Fig 6f).
(v) West India: Only 30 thunderstorm days were observed over West India during storm period-
2014 (15 April to 15 June) out of which 15 thunderstorm days were recorded over IAF Pune
followed by 7 thunderstorm days over MC Ahmadabad. AMS Diu, AMS Vadodara and
Rajkot each recorded 1 thunderstorm day (Fig 6g).
(vi)Northwest India: Fig 6h gives the distribution of thunderstorm days over different stations of
Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Chandigarh whereas Fig 6i depicts
distribution of thunderstorm days over different stations of Haryana, Delhi, Punjab and
Uttrakhand and Fig 6j represents distribution of thunderstorm days over Uttar Pradesh.
Northwest India recorded a total of 79 thunderstorm day at all during the storm period-2014
(15 March to 15 June) with maximum of 30 thunderstorm days over PBO Sundernagar
followed by 29 thunderstorm days over Pahalgam. The stations Aligarh, Allahabad, Banda,
Bareilly, Bhiwani, Bhunter, Churk, Etawah, Gazipur, Hamirpur, Muzzafarnagar, Nazibabad,
Pilani, Shahjahanpur, Udaipur and Varanasi Airport each received only 1 thunderstorm day
during the entire storm period.
11.2 Comparison of Thunderstorm Days:
A comparison of thunderstorm days observed over Northeast, East, South Peninsular and
Northwest India was made for the same period i.e. 15 March to 15 June(total 93 days) (Fig
6k). It was observed that East India recorded a maximum of 82 thunderstorm days followed
by Northeast India with 80 thunderstorm days. Northwest India recorded a total of 79
thunderstorm days while south Peninsular India recorded 76 thunderstorm days. It was
noticed that all the days of May month were thunderstorm days for Northwest India.
63
Fig 6a No. Thunderstorm days observed over different stations of Northeast India during
Entire Strom Period -2014
Fig 6b No. Thunderstorm days observed over different stations of West Bengal and Sikkim
states in East India during entire Strom Period -2014
64
Fig 6c No. Thunderstorm days observed over different stations of Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha
states in East India during entire Strom Period -2014
Fig 6d No. Thunderstorm days observed over different stations of Andhra Pradesh and
Karnataka states in South Peninsular India during entire Strom Period -2014
65
Fig 6e No. Thunderstorm days observed over different stations of Kerala and Tamilnadu
states in South Peninsular India during entire Strom Period -2014
Fig 6f No. Thunderstorm days observed over different stations of Central India during
entire Strom Period -2014
66
Fig 6g No. Thunderstorm days observed over different stations of West India during entire
Strom Period -2014
Fig 6h No. Thunderstorm days observed over different stations of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal
Pradesh, Punjab and Chandigarh states in Northwest India during entire Strom Period -2014
67
Fig 6i No. Thunderstorm days observed over different stations of Uttrakhand, Haryana, Delhi
and Rajasthan states in Northwest India during entire Strom Period -2014
Fig 6j No. Thunderstorm days observed over different stations of Uttar Pradesh state in
Northwest India during entire Strom Period -2014
68
Fig 6k Comparison of Thunderstorm days observed over North East, East, South Peninsular and
Northwest India during the same period i.e. 15th March to 15 th June 2014.
69
7
CASE STUDY OF THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY ON 24 MARCH, 2014
(EAST INDIA)
Thunderstorm activity was fairly widespread over eastern India on 24 March due to the
passage of western disturbance and the induced circulation over eastern India.
Synoptic features:- A westerly trough was seen at 500 hPa along long 70 0 N and North of lat 300
(Fig 7d). Induced cyclonic circulation lay over central Pakistan and neighbourhood; Odisha,
Jharkhand and adjoining Gangetic west Bengal, Rajasthan and adjoining West Madhya Pradesh
between 925 hPa and 850 hPa levels (Fig 7b & 7c). The coastal winds over Odisha and Gangetic
west Bengal were from south westerly direction 10-15 Kts. In upper level (200 hPa) strong
subtropical westerly jet stream was located over Northwest India with core speed of 100 Kts (Fig 7e).
Kolkata Radar analysis:- Isolated echoes developed around 100-200 Kms west of Kolkata and
oriented in a squall line in east-west direction at 1200 UTC of 24 March. The squall line crossed
Kolkata by 1230 UTC and continued moving in south easterly direction before weakening at 1400
UTC (Fig 7a).
Fig 7a Reflectivity in DWR Kolkata starting from 0809 UTC to 1239 UTC on 24 March, 2014
70
INSAT 3D Satellite analysis:- Isolated convection was observed over Gangetic west Bengal at 1130
UTC. It became intense by 1230 UTC and covered adjoining areas (CTT-40°C) and thereafter it
started weakening (Fig 7g).
Realised weather:- Thunderstorms were recorded at a number of places over Gangetic West Bengal,
Hailstorm was reported at Rampurhat with diameter of 1.5 cm at 1310-1320 hrs of 24 March (Table
7a).
Table 7a Thunderstorms recorded over Eastern India.
24-03-2014 Alipore Thunderstorm TS: 24/1705 – 24/1835
24-03-2014 Canning Thunderstorm TS: 24/1830 – 24/1930
24-03-2014 Diamond Harbour Thunderstorm TS: 24/1855 – 24/1945
24-03-2014 Haldia Thunderstorm TS: 24/1935 – 24/2010
24-03-2014 Bankura Thunderstorm TS: 24/1550 – 24/1635
24-03-2014 Sriniketan Thunderstorm TS: 24/1515 – 24/1615,

24/1720 – 24/1800
24-03-2014 Rampurhat Hailstorm Hail Storm: 24/1310- 24/1320
with approx. Dia-1.5 cm.
Mesoscale analysis:-
a) Thermodynamic parameters as obtained from RS/RW ascent at 0000 UTC from

Kolkata on 24 March, 2014
1. Vertical totals index: 31.30
2. Totals totals index: 53.60
3. Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE): 2576.27
4. Precipitable water [mm] for entire sounding: 40.12
The wind field indicated mesoscale convergence in the lower levels over Eastern India. The
mesoscale enhancement was marked by very strong CAPE (2500-3500 J/Kg) and high Total-Total
Index in the 0000 UTC ascent over Kolkata.
71
30 N
20 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 7b Wind analysis at 925 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 24 March, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
30 N
20 N
90 E
70 E 80 E
Fig 7c Wind analysis at 850 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 24 March, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
72
30 N
20 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 7d Wind analysis at 500 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 24 March, 2014(IMD-GFS)
30 N
20 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 7e Wind analysis at 200 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 24 March, 2014(IMD-GFS)
73
Fig 7f Daily Indian precipitation analysis formed from merger of IMD Rain-gauge data with the
TRMM TMPA satellite-derived rainfall estimates on 25 March (Source: IMD+NCMRWF)
74
24 March, 2014 1130 UTC 24 March, 2014 1200 UTC
Fig 7g CTT images at different hours on 24 March, 2014 (INSAT-3D)

75
8
CASE STUDY OF THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY ON 7 & 8 APRIL, 2014
(NORTHWEST & NORTHEAST INDIA)

Thunderstorm activity was fairly widespread over Assam and Meghalaya, Jammu and
Kashmir and adjoining Punjab on 7 and 8 April (Fig 8i & 8j).
Synoptic Features:-
On 7 April a deep trough in mid latitude westerlies was seen at 500 hPa level (Fig 8c) with an
induced circulation over Punjab and adjoining Pakistan at 925 hPa (Fig 8a). The sub tropical jet
stream with core speed of 100 kts was located over Punjab and adjoining Jammu and Kashmir. The
Northwest-southeast oriented trough in lower levels extended from Punjab to Gangetic West Bengal
and adjoining Odisha (Fig 8d). On 8 April the trough moved eastwards and lay over Jammu and
Kashmir and adjoining Himachal Pradesh. The Subtropical jet stream with core speed of 110 kts was
located over west U.P and adjoining area (Fig 8h).
Radar analysis:-
DWR Agartala Radar showed development of echoes at 1500 UTC of 7 April. These echoes
expanded and moved south eastwards towards Agartala. The reflectivity was around 60 dBz with a
cloud ht of 14 Km at 1751 UTC (Fig 8k). On 8 April also strong convective cells developed to the
North of Agartala (150Km N) at 1500 UTC and were arranged in east-west oriented squall line which
moved from NW to SE till 1700 UTC & then broke up into two cells moving in southeast direction.
INSAT 3D Satellite analysis:-
Convective cloud with CTT -40° C was observed over Jammu and Kashmir and adjoining
Punjab at 0300 UTC of 7 April. It continued to expand till 1000 UTC and then moved away in
Northeasterly direction. On the same day isolated convection was observed over NE India (Agartala)
at 1600 UTC. It became intense at 2200 UTC and covered Tripura (CTT-40° C). It continued to
expand till 0030 UTC of 8 April. By 0100 UTC the convection had started weakening (Fig 8n).
Realised Weather on 7 April:-

Precipitation was recorded at a number of places in Assam and Meghalaya and Tripura. Hail was
reported in Agartala at 2340 hrs IST of 7 April. The thunderstorms reported on 7 April over North
76
east India are shown in table 8a. The thunderstorms recorded over NW India are shown in Table
8b.Thunderstorm with Hail was reported in Himachal Pradesh in Shimla and Kangra stations.
Table8a Thunderstorms reported over Northeast India on 7 & 8 April, 2014
07-04-2014 Assam IAF Tezpur Thunderstorm TS: 07/2300-07/2400;
TS: 07/2030 - 07/2100. , 07/2230 -

07-04-2014 Assam Silchar Thunderstorm
08/0030.
Thunderstorm TS: 07/2320 - 08/0145. Hail: 07/2340 -

07-04-2014 Tripura Agartala
with Hail 08/0000 having diameter 3cm.
TS: 08/0140 - 08/0210, 08/0645 -

08-04-2014 Assam Guwahati Thunderstorm 08/0710, 08/0905 - 08/0912, 08/1350 -
08/1650.
08-04-2014 Assam Silchar Thunderstorm TS: 08/1110 - 08/2000.
08-04-2014 Assam Dhubri Thunderstorm TS: 08/1740 - 08/2400.
TS: 08/1020 - 08/1110, 08/1600 -
08-04-2014 Assam Tezpur Thunderstorm
08/1630.
08-04-2014 Assam IAF Tezpur Thunderstorm TS: 08/1630-08/1700; 08/1730-08/1800.
08-04-2014 Assam IAF Jorhat Thunderstorm TS: 08/0930-08/1000.
TS from 08/0730 to 08/0815 and 08/1420
08-04-2014 Meghalaya Shillong Thunderstorm
to 08/1600.
TS: 08/0720-08/0820, 08/0920-08/1120,
Thunderstorm
08-04-2014 Meghalaya Barapani 08/2340 - 09/0110. Hail: 08/1020 -
with Hail
08/1032.
08-04-2014 Mijoram Lengpui Thunderstorm TS: 08/1800 - 08/2130.
Table8b Thunderstorms reported over Northwest India on 7 April, 2014
07-04-2014 Himachal M. O. Shimla Thunderstorm TS: 07/1310 - 07/1800, Hail: 07/1358-

Pradesh with Hail 07/1400 with dia 0.2 cm, 07/1723-
07/1725 with dia 0.2 cm,
07-04-2014 Himachal PBO Thunderstorm TS: 0000-0040, 1317-1815,
Pradesh Sundernagar
07-04-2014 Himachal AMS Kangra Thunderstorm TS: 1615-1616, 1710-1740, Hail: 1615-
Pradesh with Hail 1616 with dia 1.3 cm,
07-04-2014 Punjab Amritsar Thunderstorm TS: 07/ 0655- 07/1136
07-04-2014 Punjab Patiala Thunderstorm TS: 07/0730-07/0835,
07-04-2014 Haryana Chandigarh Thunderstorm TS: 07/1340-1415,
07-04-2014 Haryana Hissar Thunderstorm TS: 07/0300-07/0330, 07/0800-0900,
77
T- Ø gram analysis (7 April):-
a) Thermodynamic parameters as obtained from RS/RW ascent at 0000 UTC from Delhi
on 7 April, 2014
b) Thermodynamic parameters as obtained from RS/RW ascent at 0000 UTC from
Guwahati on 7 April, 2014
c) Thermodynamic parameters as obtained from RS/RW ascent at 0000 UTC from
Dibrugarh on 7 April, 2014
T- Ø gram analysis (8 April):-
b) Thermodynamic parameters as obtained from RS/RW ascent at 0000 UTC from Delhi
on 8 April 2014
Dibrugarh on 8 April 2014
78
d) Thermodynamic parameters as obtained from RS/RW ascent at 0000 UTC from
Dhaka on 8 April 2014
The Total-Total Index was very high over Northwest India (Delhi RS/RW station) on 7 April and
over Northeast India (Dibrugarh & Dhaka RS/RW Station) on 8 April. The total Precipitable water
was very high and favourable over Northeast India (Guwahati, Dibrugarh & Dhaka RS/RW stations)
on 7 and 8 April.
79
30 N
20 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 8a Wind analysis at 925 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 7 April, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
30 N
20 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 8b Wind analysis at 850 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 7 April, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
80
30 N
20 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 8c Wind analysis at 500 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 7 April, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
30 N
20 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 8d Wind analysis at 500 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 7 April, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
81
30 N
20 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 8e Wind analysis at 925 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 8 April, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
30 N
20 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 8f Wind analysis at 925 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 8 April, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
82
30 N
20 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 8g Wind analysis at 500 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 8 April, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
30 N
20 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 8h Wind analysis at 200 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 8 April, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
83
Fig 8i Thunderstorms recorded at 0600 UTC of 7 April, 2014
Fig 8j Thunderstorms recorded at 1500 UTC of 8 April, 2014
84
Fig 8k Reflectivity in Agartala Doppler Weather Radar on 7 April, 2014 at 1751 UTC
Fig 8l Reflectivity in Agartala Doppler Weather Radar on 8 April, 2014 at 1631 UTC
85
Fig 8m Daily Indian precipitation analysis formed from merger of IMD rain-gauge data
with the TRMM TMPA satellite-derived rainfall estimates on 8 & 9 April, 2014
(Source: IMD+NCMRWF)
86
0300 UTC of 7 April over J & K and adjoining 1000 UTC of 7 April over North J & K
Punjab
7 April 1700 UTC over Tripura 7 April 2030 UTC over Tripura and adjoining
area
7 April 2300 UTC over Tripura 8 April 0100 UTC over Tripura
Fig 8n CTT image at different hours on 7 & 8 April, 2014 (INSAT-3D)

87
9
CASE STUDY OF THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY ON 20 APRIL, 2014
(WEST INDIA)
Synoptic Features
A cyclonic circulation lay over North Gujarat at 850 & 925 hPa level (Fig 9b & 9a). The winds at
925 hPa and 850 hPa were South easterly over North Gujarat and adjoining Rajasthan. The winds at
500 & 200 hPa were south westerly to westerly (Fig. 9c & 9d). The subtropical westerly jet stream
was passing across Gujarat to Central India.
T-Ø gram analysis (Ahmadabad) 19 April & 20 April:-
The T-Ø gram analysis indicated potential instability on both days. The cape values were very high.
It was 2515.25 & 3067.44 Joules/Kg at 00UTC of 19 and 20 April respectively.
INSAT 3-D Satellite analysis:- Scattered convection started appearing over Gujarat and adjoining
Southeast Rajasthan at 0945 UTC. It continued to expand and intensify till 1500 UTC (CTT-50 0C).
By 1615 UTC the convection started weakening (Fig 9g).
Realised weather:- Precipitation/Thunderstorm recorded at a few places over Gujarat and Rajasthan.
A Squall was reported at Ahmedabad at 1815 IST of 20 April 2014. It approached the station from
west southwest direction and the maximum wind speed recorded was 74 Kmph. As per media
reports, some trees were uprooted, tin shades, Kachcha buildings got damaged and 5 casualties were
also reported (Table 9a).
Table 9a Thunderstorms recorded over Gujarat on 20 April, 2014
19-04-2014 Maharashtra IAF Pune Thunderstorm TS: 19/1715-19/1930,

20-04-2014 Maharashtra IAF Pune Thunderstorm TS: 20/1750-20/1900,
20-04-2014 Gujarat IAF Bhuj Thunderstorm TS: 20/1530-20/1600,
20-04-2014 Gujarat Ahmedabad Thunderstorm TS:20/1730-2200 &
with Squall Squall : 22/1815 IST from West
southwest direction with
maximum wind speed 74 Kmph
88
Mesoscale analysis:- The wind field indicated mesoscale convergence in the lower levels over
Gujarat and adjoining Rajasthan. The mesoscale enhancement was marked by very strong CAPE
(2500-3500 J/Kg) and low CINE (0-200 J/Kg) covering western India. Dry line separating moist and
dry air could be easily identified in the dew point analysis (Fig 9e).
a) Thermodynamic parameters as obtained from RS/RW ascent at 0000 UTC from M. C.

Ahmedabad on 19 April, 2014
b) Thermodynamic parameters as obtained from RS/RW ascent at 0000 UTC from M.

C. Ahmedabad on 20 April, 2014

89
70 E 80 E 90 E
30 N
20 N
Fig 9a Wind analysis at 850 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 20 April (IMD-GFS)
30 N
20 N
70 E 80 E
Fig 9b Wind analysis at 925 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 20 April, 2014 (IMD_GFS)
90
70 E 80 E
30 N
20 N
Fig 9c Wind analysis at 500 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 20 April, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
70 E 80 E 90 E
30 N
20 N
Fig 9d Wind analysis at 200 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 20 April, 2014 (IMD_GFS)
91
Fig 9e Dew Point temperatures recorded at various observatories at 0300 UTC on 20 April, 2014
Fig 9f Past 24-hours rainfall recorded by various observatories on 21 April, 2014
92
30 N
20 N
70 E 80 E 90 E 20
20 April, 2014 1015 UTC April, 2014 1115 UTC
20 April, 2014 1215 UTC 20 April, 2014 1315 UTC
20 April, 2014 1415 UTC 20 April, 2014 1515 UTC
Fig 9g CTT image at different hours on 20 April 2014 (INSAT-3D)
93
10
CASE STUDY OF THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY ON 7 & 8 MAY, 2014
(SOUTHERN PENINSULA)
Synoptic features:-
A well marked low pressure area lay over South Kerala and neighbourhood with associated
cyclonic circulation extending up to mid tropospheric levels. The wind discontinuity at 0.9 Km above
sea level extended from Northwest Madhya Pradesh and adjoining Southwest Uttar Pradesh to
interior Karnataka across Marathwada. A north south trough between 3.1 and 5.8 Km above sea level
runs roughly along long 910E to the north of lat 250N. The subtropical westerly jet stream at 200 hPa
was located over Gangetic West Bengal and adjoining northeast India. The core speed was 80 Kt (Fig
10c to 10h).
T-Ø gram analysis:- T-Ø gram of Chennai and Thiruvananthapuram indicated instability. High
total perceptible water content was indicated over Chennai and Thiruvananthapuram.
a) Thermodynamic parameters as obtained from RS/RW ascent at 0000 UTC from
Chennai on 7 May, 2014
b) Thermodynamic parameters as obtained from RS/RW ascent at 0000 UTC from
Chennai on 8 May, 2014
Thiruvananthapuram on 7 May, 2014
94
d) Thermodynamic parameters as obtained from RS/RW ascent at 0000 UTC from
Thiruvananthapuram on 8 May, 2014
4. Percipitable water [mm] for entire sounding: 61.79
Radar analysis:-
95
.
Fig 10a Reflectivity in DWR Chennai dated 7 & 8 May, 2014
INSAT 3-D Satellite analysis:- On 7 May intense convection appeared over south Kerala and
adjoining sea area at 0700 UTC. A north south oriented cloud band developed covering Kerala and
adjoining South Karnataka from 0845 UTC of 7 May to 0945 UTC of 8 May. The cloud band divided
into two parts at 1215 UTC of 8 May and thereafter it started weakening (fig 10i).
Realised Weather:- Thunderstorm were reported from Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka on 7 & 8
May (Table 10a). Heavy rains were reported over Kerala and moderate rains over Tamilnadu.
Mesoscale analysis:- The GFS model products for 7 May 2014 showed strong southerly to south
easterly winds in lower troposphere carrying moisture from Bay of Bengal over Southern Peninsula.
The thunderstorm activity was subdued, though heavy rain was reported over the region due to low
pressure area.
96
Table 10a Thunderstorms recorded over Southern Peninsula
07-05-2014 Andhra Pradesh PBO Anantapur Thunderstorm TS: 07/1710 - 07/1745,

07/1800-07/1830
07-05-2014 Kerala Karipur A P Thunderstorm TS: 07/1550-07/1800,
07-05-2014 Kerala Kozhikode Thunderstorm TS: 07/1650-07/1805,
07-05-2014 Karnataka Belgaum AP TS: 07/1440 - 07/1645,
Thunderstorm 07/1850-07/2135
08-05-2014 Andhra Pradesh MC Hyderabad Thunderstorm TS: 08/1355- 08/1600
08-05-2014 Andhra Pradesh MO Tirupati Thunderstorm TS: 08/0510-08/0520,
08/0615-08/0640
08-05-2014 Andhra Pradesh MO Ramagundam Thunderstorm TS: 08/2100 - 08/2130
08-05-2014 Andhra Pradesh AMS Gannavaram Thunderstorm TS: 08/1115 - 08/1140
08-05-2014 Andhra Pradesh MO Nizamabad Thunderstorm TS: 08/1710 - 08/1800
08-05-2014 Andhra Pradesh PBO Anantapur Thunderstorm TS: 08/1530 - 08/1545
08-05-2014 Kerala Kannur Thunderstorm TS: 08/0510-08/0545,
Fig 10b Daily Indian precipitation analysis formed from merger of IMD rain-gauge data
with the TRMM TMPA satellite-derived rainfall estimates on 8 & 9 May, 2014
97
30 N
20 N
10 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 10c Wind analysis at 925 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 7 May, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
60 E 70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 10d Wind analysis at 500 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 7 May, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
98
30 N
20 N
10 N 90 E
60 E 70 E 80 E
Fig 10e Wind analysis at 200 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 7 May, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
30 N
20 N
10 N
60 E 70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 10f Wind analysis at 200 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 8 May, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
99
30 N
20 N
10 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 10g Wind analysis at 500 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 8 May, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
30 N
20 N
10 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 10h Wind analysis at 925 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 8 May, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
100
7 May, 2014 0815 UTC 7 May, 2014 1045 UTC 7 May, 2014 1515 UTC
7 May, 2014 1915 UTC 8 May, 2014 0945 UTC 8 May, 2014 1215 UTC
8 May, 2014 2345 UTC
Fig 10i CTT image at different hours on 7 & 8 May 2014 (INSAT-3D)
101
11
CASE STUDY OF THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY ON 30 MAY, 2014
(NORTHWEST AND EAST INDIA)
Synoptic Features:-
A severe thunderstorm affected Delhi and adjoining region between 1630 Hrs IST and 1730 hrs IST
of 30 May. As per the GFS wind analysis at 0000 UTC of 30 May for 925 hPa and 850 hPa levels, a
circulation lay over west Uttar Pradesh (east of Delhi) with a strong horizontal wind shear supporting
lower level convergence (Fig 11a & b). The 200 hPa wind analysis indicated the core jet stream
passing over Delhi region (Fig 11c).
Radar analysis:-
In DWR, Palam (Fig 11h) isolated week echoes started appearing from NW direction near Patiala at
1430 hrs, drifting slowly south-eastwards till the echoes strengthened into a NE-SW squall line of
around 50 kms at 1530 hrs, near Jind in Haryana (with reflectivity > 55 dBz and cloud ht more than
14 Km) .
INSAT 3-D Satellite analysis:-
Observations as recorded by INSAT 3D TIR-2 is shown in Fig. 5m Scattered convection was seen
to the north of New Delhi at 1015 UTC .It became intense by 1115 UTC and covered Delhi Region (-
40° C).It intensified further at 1215 UTC (-50°C) and started moving North eastwards. The intensity
of the cell was maintained as it moved eastwards. It moved across Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and entered
West Bengal by 0115 UTC of 31 May.
Realised weather:-
1. A chain of thunderstorms were triggered along the east-west trough in the lower tropospheric
levels which extended from west Uttar Pradesh to Assam (Table 11a). The temperatures
plunged down to 26-28°C, after the event (Fig 11d & e).The rainfall recorded was very low at
IMD, Safdarjung observatory as shown in Fig 11f.
2. Hourly AWS data for some of the stations in NCR Delhi Region indicated highest rainfall of
15-16mm/hour recorded in Sports Complex and NCMRWF region, a fall of temperature by
10 -15 °C between 11 and 13 UTC, change in wind direction from north-northeasterly before
the event to southeasterly after the event.
102
Observations at IMD observatory:-
a. Thunderstorm with squall was reported at M.O. Safdarjung. The duration of the squall
associated with the thunderstorm was 1658-1703 hrs IST with wind direction from Northwest
direction and wind speed 92 Kmph recorded at IMD Safdarjung observatory. A temperature
fall of 13°C was reported from 1700 to 1730 hrs by the observatory (40°C to 27°C).
b. Thunderstorm with squall was reported at M.O. Palam. The duration of the squall associated
with the thunderstorm was 1654-1656 hrs IST with wind direction from Northwest direction
and wind speed 115 Kmph recorded at IMD Palam.
c. IAF Hindon station reported Thunderstorm between 1650 to 1930 hrs IST with Squall
reported at 1732 Hrs from westerly direction and wind speed 148 Kmph.
d. Thunderstorm with Squall was reported at M.O. Alipore in Gangetic West Bengal on 31 May,
2014. The duration of squall was 0855-0856 hrs IST with wind direction from Northwest
direction and wind speed of 52 Kmph.
Mesoscale analysis:-
RS/RW ascent of 0000 UTC in Delhi indicated very high TT Index (48.8), favourable for
thunderstorm formation over NW India. The temperatures were very high and reached 43-44°C at
1430 hrs, supporting the convective event. Along with the vertical distribution, the distribution of
moisture along the horizontal is also equally important. The analysis of the dew point temperatures
reported by the IMD surface observatories (Fig 11g) clearly brings out the existence of moisture
bands or fingers.
a) Thermodynamic parameters as obtained from RS/RW ascent at 0000 UTC from IMD
New Delhi
3. Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE): 1300
e) Thermodynamic parameters as obtained from RS/RW ascent at 0000 UTC of 31 May

from IMD Kolkata
2. Totals totals index: 53
103
3. Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE): 935
Inference:-
The initial outbreak of thunderstorms usually occurs in the zone of steep moisture gradient in
association with such fingers of intruding moisture, particularly when the gradient of moisture is
quite high. If we look at the satellite imageries (fig 11n), it appears that a cold downdraft from the
parent thunderstorm aloft triggered the chain of thunderstorms one after another in the downstream.
70 E 80 E 90 E
30 N
Fig 11a Wind analysis at 850 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 30 May, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
104
30 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 11b Wind analysis at 925 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 30 May, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
30 N
20 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 11c Wind analysis at 200 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 30 May, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
105
Fig 11d Temperatures at 1430 Hrs IST of 30 May (Before the event)
Fig 11e Temperatures at 1730 Hrs IST of 30 May (after the event)
106
Fig 11f Accumulated rainfall for past 24 hours at 0830 hrs. Of 31 May, 2014
Fig 11g Dew Point temperatures recorded at various observatories on 30 May, 2014
107
Fig 11h Reflectivity in DWR at DGM office, Lodi Road every hourly starting from
0912 UTC (1440 hrs) to 1212 UTC (1740 hrs)
108
Fig 11i Reflectivity in DWR at Kolkata every hourly starting from 2014 UTC to 0417 UTC
of 31 May
109
30 N
20 N
10 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 11j Wind analysis at 925 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 31 May, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
30 N
20 N
10 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 11k Wind analysis at 850 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 31 May, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
110
30 N
20 N
10 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 11l Wind analysis at 850 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 31 May, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
30 N
20 N
10 N
70 E 80 E 90 E
Fig 11m Wind analysis at 200 hPa based on 0000 UTC of 31 May, 2014 (IMD-GFS)
111
1015 UTC 1115 UTC 1215 UTC
1315 UTC 1615 UTC 1915 UTC
2115 UTC 2315 UTC 0115 UTC
0315 UTC 0615 UTC 0815 UTC
Fig 11n The movement of the severe thunderstorm as seen in INSAT 3D Channel CTT Imagery on
30 & 31 May 2014 (INSAT-3D)
112
Fig 11o Daily Indian precipitation analysis formed from merger of IMD rain-gauge data
with the TRMM TMPA satellite-derived rainfall estimates on 30 & 31 May, 2014
113
Table 11a Convective weather recorded over NW India on 30 May, 2014
Jammu & IAF Srinagar Thunderstorm TS: 30/1800-30/2200;

Kashmir
Jammu & IAF Jammu Thunderstorm TS: 30/0000-30/0230; 30/0700-30/0930;
Kashmir 30/1200-30/1230; 30/1930-30/2030;
Punjab IAF Adampur Thunderstorm TS: 30/0600-30/0700; 30/1130-30/1140;
Punjab IAF Halwara Thunderstorm TS: 30/1300-30/1400;
Haryana IAF Chandigarh Thunderstorm TS: 30/1410-30/1530;

Haryana IAF Ambala Thunderstorm TS: 30/1330-30/1530;
Haryana IAF Sirsa Thunderstorm TS: 30/1330-30/1530;
Uttar Pradesh IAF Sarsawa Thunderstorm TS: 30/1445-30/1500;
Uttar Pradesh IAF Hindon Thunderstorm TS: 30/1650-30/1930;
Uttar Pradesh IAF Bakshi-Ka-Talab- Thunderstorm TS: 30/2200-30/2240;
Uttar Pradesh IAF Kanpur Thunderstorm TS: 30/2300-30/2400;
Uttar Pradesh IAF Allahabad Thunderstorm TS: 30/0140-30/0230;
Uttar Pradesh IAF Gorakhpur Thunderstorm TS: 30/0100-30/0230;
Jammu & Jammu Thunderstorm TS: 30/0540-30/0545, 30/1120-30/1200,

Kashmir
Jammu & Srinagar Thunderstorm TS: 30/1825-1900,
Kashmir
Jammu & Bhaderwah Thunderstorm TS: 30/2000-30/2115
Kashmir
Jammu & Pahalgam- Thunderstorm TS: 30/1920-30/1950, Hail: 30/1935-
Kashmir with Hail 30/1940, with dia 1.0 cm
Jammu & Kupwara Thunderstorm TS: 30/1700-30/1850, 30/2020-30/2200
Kashmir
Jammu & Kukernag Thunderstorm TS: 30/1920-30/2115
Kashmir
Jammu & Gulmarg Thunderstorm TS: 30/1755- 30/1830,
Kashmir
Jammu & Katra Thunderstorm TS: 30/1830- 30/1950,
Kashmir
Himachal Shimla Thunderstorm TS: 30/0750-30/0830, 1100-1135,
Pradesh
Himachal AMS, Shimla Thunderstorm TS: 30/0755-30/0802, 30/1110-30/1136,
Pradesh
Himachal PBO Sundernagar Thunderstorm TS: 30/0550-0708 , 30/1029-30/1045,
Pradesh 30/1055-30/1220,
Himachal AMS Kangra Thunderstorm TS: 30/0820-30/1110,
Pradesh
Punjab Ludhiana Thunderstorm TS: 30/1300-30/1340,
Haryana Hissar Thunderstorm TS: 30/1450-1525,
Haryana Chandigarh Thunderstorm TS: 30/1400-30/1500,
Delhi Safdarjung Thunderstorm TS: 30/1721- 30/1735, Squall: 30/1658-
with Squall 30/1703, NW with Max. Wind 92 Kmph,
Delhi AMO Palam Thunderstorm TS: 30/1720- 30/1850, Squall: 30/1654-
with Squall 30/1655, Northerly with Max. Wind 115
114
Kmph,
Uttrakhand Dehradun Thunderstorm TS: 30/1445-30/1630
Uttar Pradesh Sultanpur Thunderstorm TS: 30/2240-30/2400,
Uttar Pradesh Bahraich Thunderstorm TS: 30/2045-30/2345,
Uttar Pradesh Hardoi Thunderstorm TS: 30/2105-30/2130,
Uttar Pradesh Kanpur Thunderstorm TS: DATA NOT AVAILABLE
Uttar Pradesh Churk Thunderstorm TS: DATA NOT AVAILABLE
Uttar Pradesh Gazipur Thunderstorm TS: XXX ( TS BUT NO DURATION)
Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Thunderstorm TS: 30/2218-30/2230, 30/2250-31/0120,
Table 11b Convective weather recorded over East India on 31 May
5/31/2014 West Bengal IAF Kalaikunda Thunderstorm TS: 1200-1230,

5/31/2014 West Bengal IAF Barrackpore Thunderstorm TS: 0805-1530,
5/31/2014 GWB Alipore Thunderstorm with Squall TS: 0910 – 1500, Squall:
0855 - 0856, NW’ly dir.
5/31/2014 GWB Dumdum Thunderstorm TS: 0838 – 1320,
5/31/2014 SHWB & Malda Thunderstorm TS: 0440 – 0930

SIKKIM
5/31/2014 GWB Haldia Thunderstorm TS: 1027 – 1405
5/31/2014 GWB Digha Thunderstorm TS: 0930 – 1410
5/31/2014 GWB Diamond Harbour Thunderstorm TS: 0916 - 1033, 1102 –

1335
5/31/2014 BIHAR Gaya Thunderstorm TS: 0355 – 0620
5/31/2014 ODISHA Sambalpur Thunderstorm TS: 1820 – 2030

5/31/2014 ODISHA Hirakud Thunderstorm TS: 1800 – 2000
5/31/2014 ODISHA Balasore Thunderstorm TS: 0915 – 1150
5/31/2014 ODISHA Gopalpur Thunderstorm TS: 2005 – 2110
5/31/2014 ODISHA Jharsuguda Thunderstorm TS: 1805 –2100
115
12
VERIFICATION OF INTENSIVE OBSERVATIONAL PERIOD (IOP)

DECLARED DURING THE SAARC STORM PERIOD-2014
The Intensive Observational Period declared during the Storm Period-2014 were verified for
each region. Table 12a to 12e give the details of IOP issued and realized weather.
12.1 Northeast and East India; 1 April to 31 May, 2014:
Table 12a Intensive Observational Period (IOP) declared on 35 days during the period 1 April to 31
May, 2014 for East and NE India
Region and Date of IOP Realised weather (Time in IST)

Northeast India for 1 April NORTHEAST INDIA
Assam, Mohanbari, TS : 01/0000 to 01/0100, 01/1850 to 01/2235
Assam, IAF Chabua, TS: 01/1940-02/0030;
Assam, Silchar, TSRA: from 02/0100 to 02/0330
Assam, IAF Chabua, TS: 02/1630-02/1700; 02/2300-03/0130,
Assam, Silchar, TS :03/0500 to 03/0730, 03/0920 to 03/1045, 03/2140 to
2400
Assam, Tezpur 03/1850 to 03/2245
IAF Tezpur, TS: 03/1920-03/1940; 03/2100-03/2400,
Assam, IAF Jorhat, TS: 03/2100-03/0400;
IAF Chabua, TS: 03/0045-03/0430;
Meghalaya, Shillong= TS : 03/2150 to 03/2400 and from 03/2215 to 04/0015
Tripura, Agartala TS: 03/2100 to 03/2235
Meghalaya, IAF Shillong, TS: 03/1500-03/1600,
Assam Silchar, TS: 04/0000 to 0100, 04/0245 to 04/0500, 04/1435 to
04/1800
Assam Tezpur, TS: 04/0505 to 04/0545, 04/1725 to 04/1900
Meghalaya, Shillong= TS: 04/0000 to 04/2450, 04/0345 to 04/0545, 04/1515
to 04/2330.
Tripura, Agartala TS: 04/0105 to 04/0140, 04/0415 to 04/0850
Meghalaya, Shillong , Hailstorm occurred from 04/1035 to 04/1050 having
hail size 12mm to 15mm
Meghalaya, Barapani, TS: from 04/1320 to 04/1820
Mizoram, Lengpui, TS :from 04/1950 to 04/2150
Eastern and Northeast India EAST INDIA
for 6 April No Thunderstorm
NORTHEAST INDIA
Tripura, Kailashahar, TS : 06/0720 to 06/1210
116
for 7 April West Bengal, IAF Hashimara, TS: 2230-2245; 0000-0400,
NORTHEAST INDIA
Assam, Silchar, TS : 07/2030 to 07/2100, 07/2230 to 07/2400
IAF Tezpur, TS: 07/2300-07/2400;
Tripura, Agartala, TS: 07/2320 to 07/2400 1915.
Tripura, Agartala, Hail storm occurred from 07/1810 to 07/1830 having
diameter 3cm.
for 8 April SHWB & Sikkim, Coochbehar, TS : 08/1850 to 08/1915
Tadong, TS : 08/1800 to 08/2000
West Bengal, IAF Hashimara, TS: 1640-1800; 1830-2030; 2235-0000;
Odisha, Gopalpur, TS : 08/1815 to 08/1850, 08/1940 to 08/2135
NORTHEAST INDIA
Assam, Silchar, TS : 08/0000 to 08/0030, 08/1640 to 08/2400
Assam, Guwahati, TS : 08/0710 to 08/0740, 08/1215 to 08/1240, 08/1435 to
08/1442 08/1920 to 08/2220
IAF Tezpur, TS: 08/1630-08/1700; 08/1730-08/1800;
IAF Jorhat, TS: 08/0930-08/1000;
Dhubri=TS from 08/2310 to 08/2400
Tezpur ,TS : 08/1550 to 08/1640, 08/2130 to 08/2200
Tripura, Agartala, TS: 08/0000 to 08/0045
Meghalaya, Shillong, TS: 08/1300 to 08/1445 and 08/1950 to 08/2130.
Barapani, TS: 08/1250 to 08/1350, 08/1450 to 08/1650 Hailstorm from
08/1550 to 08/1552.
Mizoram, Lengpui, TS : 08/2330 to 08/2400 2130
for 9 April SHWB & Sikkim, Gangtok, TS : 09/1545 to 09/1650
Tadong, TS : 09/1545 to 09/1610, 09/2030 to 09/2115
Odisha, Bhubaneswar, TS: 09/2002 to 09/2115
Gopalpur, TS : 09/1800 to 09/1940
West Bengal, IAF Kumbhigram, TS: 0750-0830; 1900-2200; 0145-0320;
NORTHEAST INDIA
Assam, Silchar, TS : 09/0000 to 09/0130 Dhubri=TS from 09/0000 to
09/0530
Tezpur, TS: 09/2200 to 09/2250, 09/2340 to 09/2400
IAF Tezpur, TS: 09/2200-09/2300; 09/2400-10/0200,
IAF Chabua, TS: 09/0245-09/0530,
Meghalaya, Barapani, TS : 09/0510 to 09/0640
Mizoram, Lengpui, TS : 09/0000 to 09/0300
Tripura, Agartala A/P, TS: 09/1735 to 09/1835
for 10 April SHWB & Sikkim, Gangtok, TS : 10/1510 to 10/1900
Tadong, TS : 10/1540 to 1625, 10/1800 to 10/2030
Odisha, Bhubaneswar, TS: 10/1820 to 10/1920
West Bengal, IAF Kumbhigram, TS: 0530-0545;
NORTHEAST INDIA
Assam, IAF Chabua, TS:10/0445-10/0515,
Dibrugarh, TS: 10/0530 -10/0540
Silchar, TS 10/0000-10/1230
Guwahati-N, TS: 10/2040 - 11/0145
117
Silchar, TS : 09/0900 to 10/0700. Tezpur, TS: 10/0000 to 10/0145
Eastern India for 15 April EAST INDIA
SHWB & Sikkim, Gangtok, TS : 15/1445 to 15/1900
Tadong, TS : 15/1445 to 15/1900
Odisha, Keonjhargarh, TS : 15/1415 to 15/1600
SHWB & Sikkim, Gangtok, TS : 17/1120 to 17/1630, 17/1700 to 17/1900
Tadong, TS : 17/1215 to 17/1335, 17/1545 to 17/1732
Hail storm : M. O. Tadong : 17/1315 to 17/1317
Odisha, Jharsuguda, TS : 17/1610 to 17/2200
Keonjhargarh, TS : 17/1345 to 17/2000
Sambalpur, TS : 17/1855 to 17/2015
Hirakud, TS : 17/1500 to 17/1530
West Bengal, IAF Kalaikunda, TS: 1400-1410; 1435-1530; 1730-1735;
1830-1900,
IAF Hasimara, TS: 1515-2200;
IAF Kumbhigram, TS: 1415-1530; 0045-0100,
No Thunderstorm
for 19 April SHWB & Sikkim, Malda, TS : 19/0355 to 19/0800
West Bengal, IAF Hasimara, TS: 0700-0800; 2120-2215;
IAF Kumbhigram, TS: 1530-1630,
Gangtok, TS : 19/0700 to 19/0705, 19/1520 to 19/1945
Tadong, TS : 19/0715 to 19/0740, 19/1415 to 19/1525, 19/1545 to 19/1915
Hail Storm : MO Gangtok: 19/1650 to 19/1652
Hail Storm : MO Tadong: 19/1831 to 19/1833 Diameter less than 1cm.
NORTHEAST INDIA
Meghalaya, Barapani, TS: 19/1705 to 19/1755
Shillong , TS : 19/1740 To 19/1900
Tripura, Agartala, TS : 19/1230 TO 19/1445
for 27 April SHWB & Sikkim, Coochbehar, TS : 27/0530 to 27/0630 27/2015 to 27/2030
Jalpaiguri, TS : 27/1930 to 27/2035
Malda, TS : 27/ 1948 to 27/2155
Tadong, TS : 27/1140 to 27/2045
West Bengal, IAF Hasimara, TS: 0600-0630; 0730-0745; 1820-2000; 2020-
2030,
IAF Bagdogra, TS: 1820-1840,
IAF Kumbhigram, TS: 2330-0120,
IAF Kalaikunda, TS:630-1800,
NORTHEAST INDIA
Assam, Silchar, TS: 27/0000 to 27/0020
Guwahati, TS : 27/2130 to 27/2400
Tezpur, TS : 27/2300 to 27/2400
Assam, IAF Tezpur, TS: 27/2115-27/2300,
Arunachal Pradesh, Pasighat, TS: 27/1630 to 27/1746
Meghalaya, Shillong, TS : 27/2100 to 27/2400
IAF Shillong, TS: 1140-1230,
Barapani, TS : 27/1615 to 27/2300.
Mizoram, Lengpui, TS : 27/1400 to 27/1650, 27/1810 to 27/1850.
118
Tripura Agartala, TS : 27/1858 TO 27/2400
for 28 April GWB, Digha, TS : 28/1750 to 28/2110
Odisha, Balasore, TS : 28/1700 to 28/2145
Gopalpur, TS : 28/1645 to 28/2010
Northeast India
Assam, Silchar, TS: 28/0530 to 28/0830
Guwahati TS : 28/0000 to 28/0230
Tezpur, TS : 28/0235 to 08/0300, 28/1915 to 28/2000, 28/2115 to 28/2210
IAF Tezpur, TS: 28/0115-28/0400, 28/2030-28/2330,
Assam, IAF Chabua, TS: 28/1710-28/1830, 28/1900-28/1915,
Assam, IAF Jorhat, TS: 28/1830-28/2100,
Arunachal Pradesh, Pasighat, TS: 28/0110 to 28/0545
Tripura Agartala, TS : 28/0000 to 28/0200, 28/0831 to 28/0935
Kailashahar, TS : 28/0620 to 28/0740
SHWB &Sikkim, MO Gangtok, TS : 29/1700 to 29/1830
West Bengal, IAF Hasimara, TS: 1500-1830,
IAF Bagdogra, TS: 1500-1600,
IAF Kumbhigram, TS: 0600-0700; , 1700-1730,
IAF Kalaikunda, TS: 1530-1630,
MO Tadong, TS : 29/1640 to 29/1710
Gopalpur, TS : 29/1750 to 29/2045
Balasore, TS : 29/1600 to 29/1745
Chandbali, TS : 29/1815 to 29/1840
No Thunderstorm
Northeast India for 1 May NORTHEAST INDIA
Assam, Silchar TS: 01/0500-01/0800
IAF Chabua, TS: 01/1845-01/1900, 01/2130-01/2250,
Dhubri, TS : 01/0645 to 01/1130
Mizoram, Lengpui, TS: 01/1430 to 01/1900
Kailashahar=TS from 01/1400 to 01/1540
Assam, Silchar TS: 02/0130 to 02/0630
Assam, IAF Chabua, TS:02/0245-02/0400, 02/0830-02/0915
IAF Tezpur, TS: 02/0600-02/0700, 02/1000-02/1100, 02/1200-02/1230
IAF Jorhat, TS: 02/0545-02/0720
Tezpur, TS: 02/0345 to 02/0420, 02/0500 to 02/0640
Jorhat, TS: 02/0540 to 02/0830
North Lakhimpur, TS : 02/0830 to 02/1100
Mohanbari, TS : 02/0838 to 02/1135
Meghalaya, IAF Shillong, TS: 02/1300-02/1600,
for 4 May SHWB &Sikkim, Jalpaiguri, TS : 04/0735 to 04/0825, 04/0840 to 04/0845
Coochbehar, TS : 04/0831 to 04/1000
West Bengal, IAF Hashimara, TS: 0120-0600;
IAF Bagdogra, TS: 0100-0300)
TS: 235-1430; 0230-0300,
119
IAF Kalaikunda, TS: 1630-1845; 0100-0130
IAF Panagarh, TS: 1800-2400,
GWB, Alipore, TS : 04/1935 to 04/2400
Thunder Squall: Alipore: 04/2015 to 04/2016 from Northwest direction
Bankura, TS : 04/1732 –to 04/1930
Dumdum, TS : 04/1950 to 04/2400
Diamond Harbour, TS : 04/2040 to 04/2400
Haldia, TS : 04/2015 to 04/2400
Digha, TS : 04/2230 to 04/2325
Odisha, Bhubaneswar , TS : 04/1645 to 04/1945
Gopalpur, TS : 04/1650 to 04/1710, 04/1800 to 04/1900
Keonjhargarh, 04/1805 to 04/2050, 04/ 2245 to 04/2355
NORTHEAST INDIA
Assam, Guwahati, TS : 04/0720 to 04/1235
Dhubri, TS : 04/0500 to 04/0940
Tezpur, TS : 04/0110 to 04/0130
Manipur, Imphal, TS : 04/1425 to 04/1435
for 5 May SHWB &Sikkim, Jalpaiguri, TS : 05/0715 to 05/0820
GWB, Alipore, TS : 05/0000 to 05/0140
Tadong, TS : 05/1745 to 05/ 2030
West Bengal, IAF Hasimara, TS: 0710-0730; 0200-0215,
IAF Bagdogra, TS: 0620-0900;
Bihar, Gaya, TS : 05/1215 to 05/1245
IAF Bihta, TS: 0630-0830,
Jharkhand, JAMShedpur, TS : 05/1115 to 05/1200
GWB, Dumdum, TS : 05/0000 to 05/0015
Haldia, TS : 05/0000 to 05/0205
Odisha, Jharsuguda, TS : 05/0505 to 05/0630, 05/0635 to 05/0645
Balasore, TS : 05/1850 to 05/2015
NORTHEAST INDIA
Assam, Guwahati, TS : 05/0030 to 05/0450, 05/0830 to 05/0940
Silchar , TS : 05/0310 to 05/0940
Dhubri, TS : 05/0725 to 05/0830
Kailashahar, TS : 05/0400 to 05/0630
Meghalaya, Shillong, TS : 05/1125 to 05/1210, 05/1610 to 05/1655
IAF Shillong, TS: 1430-1630; 1730-1830,
for 6 May SHWB &Sikkim, Malda, TS : 06/1445 to 06/1600, 06/2300 to 06/2400
Hail Storm: As per Media report Hail storm occurred at some places in
Birbhum districts of Gangetic West Bengal on 06.05.2014.
IAF Hasimara, TS: 1630-1900; 2000-2200; 0200-0230;
IAF Bagdogra, TS: 1445-1600; 2030-2100; 2200-2330; 0440-0500;
IAF Kumbhigram, TS: 0030-0100;
Bihar, IAF Purnea, TS: 0715-1000,
120
Gaya, TS : 06/1715 to 06/1740, 06/1820 to 06/2010
Odisha, Balasore, TS : 06/1735 to 06/1840
Keonjhargarh , TS : 06/1645 to 06/1745, 06/1950 to 06/2205
Sambalpur, TS : 06/0915 to 06/0945
Hirakud, TS : 06/1625 to 06/1645
NORTHEAST INDIA
Assam, Guwahati, TS : 06/1500 to 06/1520, 06/1935 to 2400
Assam, IAF Chabua, TS: 06/1145- 06/1330; 06/2120- 06/2130;
IAF Tezpur , TS: 06/1730- 06/1810; 06/1830- 06/1900; 06/2220- 06/2235;
IAF Jorhat, TS: 06/1345- 06/1410; 06/1700- 06/1710;
North Lakhimpur, TS : 06/1455 to 06/1930
Mohanbari, TS: 06/1350 to 06/1420, from 06/1930 to 06/2000, 06/2100 to
06/2400 and 06/2110 to 06/2320
Jorhat, TS : 06/1418 to 06/1450, from 06/1803 to 06/1845
Tezpur, TS: 06/2350 to 06/2400
Meghalaya, IAF SHILLONG, TS: 06/1240- 06/1430;
for 7 May SHWB & Sikkim, Malda, TS : 07/0000 to 07/0100, 07/1410 to 07/1600,
07/1640 to 07/1800
Hailstorm, M. O. Malda : 07/1438 to 07/1444 with approx. diameter 1.8
cm
Hailstorm, Coochbehar: 07/2035 to 07/2038
GWB, Sriniketan, TS : 07/1655 to 07/1735
West Bengal, IAF Hashimara, TS: 1800-1910; 2100-2345,
Bihar, Gaya, TS : 07/1320 to 07/1340, 07/1405 to 07/1430
Bihar, IAF Bihta, TS: 0600-0700
Odisha, Gopalpur, TS : 07/1840 to 07/1910
Bhubaneswar, TS : 07/1905 to 07/2000
NORTHEAST INDIA
Arunachal Pradesh, Passighat, TS : 07/0500 to 07/0600
Assam, Guwahati, TS : 07/0000 to 07/0550, 07/1835 to 07/2400
Silchar , TS : 07/0600 TO 07/0830, 07/1835 to 07/2400
Mohanbari, TS: 07/0240 to 07/0450
Assam, IAF Chabua-M,F, TS: 07/0600-07/0930;
IAF Tezpur -N, M, TS: 07/1930-08/0300,
Jorhat, TS : 07/0025 to 07/0530, TSRA: 07/1640 to 07/1650
Tezpur, TS : 07/0000 to 07/0200, 07/0235 to 07/0335, 07/1900 to 07/1910,
TSRA 07/1910 to 07/1940, 07/2015 to 07/2100,
Tripura, Agartala, TS : 07/1307 to 07/1930 TSRA 07/2045 to 07/2355
Kailasahar, TS : 07/0600 to 07/0830
Assam, Guwahati, TS : 08/0000 to 08/0120, 08/1010 to 08/1150, 08/2230 to
08/2400
Silchar , TS : 08/0000 to 08/0120, 08/0750 to 08/0925, 08/1040 to 08/1230
TSRA : 08/0925 to 08/1040
Tezpur, TS : 08/0010 to 08/0040, 08/1110 to 08/1230, TSRA : 08/0040 to
08/0120
Mizoram, Lengpui, TS RA: 08/0530 to 08/0950, 08/1245 to 08/1420,
08/1600 to 08/1800
121
Tripura, Agartala, TSRA : 08/0230 to 08/0325, TS: 08/1405 to 08/2150,
Tripura, Agartala, Thundersquall: 08/1808 to 08/1810
Kailasahar, TS : 08/0600 to 08/1530, TSRA: 08/0620 to 08/0900, 08/1340
to 08/1440
Meghalaya, Barapani, TS : 08/1140 to 08/1250
Meghalaya, IAF SHILLONG, TS: 08/1230- 08/1330;
Assam, Guwahati, TS : 09/0000 to 09/0140, 09/0530 to 09/0550 09/1850 to
09/2155
Silchar, TS 09/0200 to 09/0830, 09/1330 to 09/2400
Manipur, Imphal , TS : 09/0405 to 09/0630, 09/0740 to 09/1000, 09/1830 to
09/2400
Eastern India for 10 May EAST INDIA
SHWB & Sikkim, Gangtok, TS : 10/1835 to 10/1930
Odisha, Gopalpur, TS : 10/0705 to 10/0830
Bhubaneswar, TS : 10/0940 to 10/1140, 10/2240 to 10/2400 11/0000 to
11/0020
Puri, TS : 10/0925 to 10/1100
Balasore, TS : 11/0345 to 11/0450
Eastern India (Odisha) and EAST INDIA (Odisha)
Northeast India (Assam and West Bengal, IAF Hashimara, TS: 0600-0730; 2100-2200; 0200-0230;
Meghalaya) for 20 May Northeast India(Assam and Meghalaya)
No Thunderstorm
Eastern India (Odisha) and EAST INDIA (Odisha)
Northeast India (Assam and No Thunderstorm
Meghalaya) for 21 May NORTHEAST INDIA
Assam, Silchar, TS : 21/0500 to 21/0720
Mohanbari, TS : 21/0610 to 21/0625
Assam, IAF CHABUA-F, TS: 21/0800-21/0830;
IAF Tezpur -N, TS: 21/0145-21/0400;
for 25 May SHWB & Sikkim, Gangtok, TS : 25/1425 to 25/1430
GWB, Alipore, TS : 25/1015 to 25/1505
Haldia, TS : 25/0945 to 25/1130, 25/1250 to 25/1400, 25/2025 to 25/2355
Digha, TS : 25/0300 to 25/0510, 25/0600 to 25/0830
West Bengal, IAF Bagdogra, TS: 1630-1730;
IAF Panagarh, TS: 1330-1400; 1430-1500;
Odisha, Balasore, TS : 25/0455 to 25/0615, 25/0720 to 25/0940, 25/1345 to
25/1600
Chandbali, TS : 25/0535 to 25/1225, 25/1740 to 25/1910
Paradeep, TS : 25/0300 to 25/0510, 25/0820 to 0825, 25/0945 to 25/1005
25/1640 to 25/1725
Puri, TS : 25/0200 to 25/0550, 25/0815 to 25/1135
Gopalpur, TS : 25/0515 to 25/0830
Bihar, Gaya, TS : 25/1945 to 25/2030
NORTHEAST INDIA
Assam, Silchar, TS : 25/1630 to 25/2320
Assam, IAF Tezpur - M, TS: 25/0400-25/0530;
Meghalaya, Shillong, TS : 25/1315 to 25/1640, 25/1830 to 25/1920
122
Agartala, TS : 25/2145 to 25/2250
for 26 May GWB, Haldia, TS : 26/0745 to 26/830
Malda, TS : 26/1158 to 26/1255, 26/1510 to 26/1800, 26/1940 to 26/2050
Dumdum, TS : 26/1115 to 26/1840
Digha, TS : 26/0850 to 26/0920, 26/1140 to 26/1155
West Bengal, IAF Kalaikunda, TS: 1015-1030; 1200-1230; TS 0300-0330;
IAF Barrackpore, TS: 1110-1530; 1810-2000;
Bihar, Gaya, TS : 26/1220 to 26/1515, 26/1945 to 26/2010
Odisha, Jharsuguda, TS 26/1245 to 26/1345
Chandbali, TS : 26/2300 to 26/2400
Cuttack, TS : 26/1815 to 26/1920, 26/2200 to 26/2225
Bhubaneswar, TS 26/1920 to 26/1950, 26/2300 to 26/2309
NORTHEAST INDIA
Assam, IAF Jorhat , TS: 26/0515-26/0540,
Agartala, TS : 26/1630 to 26/1815
Eastern India(Sikkim) and EAST INDIA (Sikkim)
Northeast India(Assam and No Thunderstorm
Assam, Mohanbari, TS: 27/0700 to 27/0910, 27/0940 to 27/1005, 27/1750 to
27/1920, 27/2050 to 27/2350
Assam, IAF Chabua, TS: 27/0715-27/1000; 27/1900-27/2030; 27/2200-
27/0400,
IAF Tezpur, TS: 27/0530-27/0540; 27/0730-27/0800; 27/1150-27/1230,
Eastern India (Sikkim) and EAST INDIA (Sikkim)
Northeast India (Assam and No Thunderstorm
Assam, Tezpur, TS : 28/1500 to 28/1510
Assam, IAF Chabua, TS: 28/1050-28/1150; 28/2230-28/2330,
IAF Tezpur, TS: 28/1500-28/1600,
Assam, IAF Chabua, TS: 29/0100- 29/0430,
IAF Tezpur, TS: 29/1740- 29/1800; 29/2000- 29/2030,
IAF Jorhat, TS: 29/2300- 29/2330,
Northeast India(Assam, NORTHEAST INDIA (Assam, Meghalaya and Sikkim)
Meghalaya and Sikkim) for Meghalaya, IAF Shillong, TS: 31/1400-31/1430,
31 May
Northeast India(Assam, NORTHEAST INDIA
Meghalaya and Sikkim) for Assam, Guwahati, TS : 01/1355 to 01/1605
1 June Assam, IAF Chabua, TS: 01/2330-01/0030,
IAF Jorhat, TS: 01/2100-01/2300,
123
12.2 South Peninsular India; 15 March to 30 May, 2014:
Table 12b Intensive Observational Period (IOP) declared on 18 days during the period 15 March to
30 May, 2014 for South Peninsular India

Southern Peninsular India SOUTHERN PENINSULA
for 6 April Kerala, CIAL Kochi, TS : 06/1605 to 06/1610
Karipur A P, TS : 06/0245 to 06/0545
Thiruvananthapuram AP, TS : 06/1047 to 06/1155
Thiruvananthapuram City TS : 06/1040 to 06/1145
for 7 April Kerala, Alappuzha, TS : 07/1540 to 07/2000
CIAL Kochi, TS : 07/1540 to 07/2120
Karipur A P, TS : 07/1930 to 07/2055
Thiruvananthapuram AP, TS : 07/1310 to 07/1530
Thiruvananthapuram City TS : 07/1255 to 07/1455
for 10 April Kerala, Kochi A P, TS : 10/0020 to 10/0220
Andhra Pradesh, AMS Gannavaram, TS : 10/2050 to 10/2130
SOUTHERN PENINSULA
Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram AP, TS : 10/1620 to 10/2110
Thiruvananthapuram City, TS : 10/1530 to 10/1950
CIAL Kochi, TS : 10/1652 to 10/1740
Karnataka, Bangalore HAL AP, TS : 10/1415 to 10/1530
Bangalore KIAL, TS : 10/0952 to 10/1020, TSDZ : 10/1020 to 10/1150
Chamarajanagar, TS : 10/1830 to 10/2045
for 15 April Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram AP, TS : 15/1920 to 15/2000
Thiruvananthapuram City, TS : 15/1510 to 15/1810
CIAL Kochi, TS : 15/1630 to 15/1830, 15/1930 to 15/2010
Karnataka, Bangalore KIAL, TS : 15/1415 to 15/1550
Haveri, Thunderstorm with Hail : 15/1745 to 15/1830 diameter 1.5 cm
for 19 April Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram city, TS : 19/1615 to 19/1815
Karnataka, Belgaum AP, TS : 19/1235 to 19/1720
Andhra Pradesh, IAF Hakimpet, TS: 1400-1500
IAF Dundigal, TS: 0110-0400
Tamilnadu, IAF Sulur, TS: 1745-1900
(Kerala) for 27 April Kerala, Kannur, TS : 27/1845 to 27/1930
Southern Peninsular India SOUTHERN PENINSULA (Kerala)
(Kerala) for 28 April No Thunderstorm
(Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, MO Ongole TSRA : 06/2300 to 06/2330
Tamilnadu) for 6 May MO Tirupati, TSRA : 06/1200 to 06/1230
PBO Anantapur, TSRA : 06/1610 to 06/1745
Tamilnadu, IAF Tambaram, TS: 1710-1830,
Karnataka, Chamarajanagar, TSRA, 06/1500 to 06/2330
Belgaum AP, TS : 06/1625 to 06/1835
Shirali, TSRA : 06/1730 to 06/1830
Agumbe, TSRA : 06/1800 to 06/1830
Kerala, Kannur TS : 06/1600 to 06/1655
124
Karipur A P, TS : 06/1240 to 06/1740
Kozhikode, TS : 06/2045 to 06/2110
Thiruvananthapuram City, TSRA : 06/1310 to 06/1400
Southern Peninsular SOUTHERN PENINSULA
India(Kerala, Karnataka Andhra Pradesh, PBO Anantapur, TSRA : 07/1700 to 07/1710, 07/1745 to
and Tamilnadu) for 7 07/1800, TS: 07/1710 to 07/1745, 07/1800 to 07/1830
May Karnataka, Belgaum AP, TSRA : 07/1420 to 07/1440, TS : 07/1440 to 07/1645,
07/1850 to 07/2135
Belgaum city, TSRA : 07/1930 to 07/2230
Haveri, TSRA : 07/2100 to 07/2300
Karnataka, IAF Bidar, TS: 1600-1800;
Kerala, Kannur, TS : 07/0510 to 07/0545
Karipur A P, TS : 07/1550 to 07/1800
Kozhikode, TS : 07/1650 to 07/1805
Kerala, IAF Trivandrum, TS: 0200-0300,
for 8 May Andhra Pradesh, MO Tirupati TSRA : 08/0520 TO 08/0615, TS: 08/0510 to
08/0520, 08/0615 to 08/0640
Andhra Pradesh, IAF Hakimpet, TS: 1430-1500; 2100-2200;
for 9 May Andhra Pradesh, MO Ramagundam, TSRA : 09/1630 to 09/1800
MO Narsapur, TSRA: 09/2245 to 09/2400
CDR Machilipatnam, TSRA : 09/0910 to 09/1000, 09/2055 to 09/2125, TS:
09/2000 to 09/2055, 09/2125 to 09/2210
AMS Gannavaram, TSRA : 09/2200 to 09/2350, TS: 09/2351 to 09/2400
MO Bapatla, TSRA : 09/1830 to 09/1845, TS : 09/1925 to 09/1945
MO Ongole, TS: 09/1600 to 09/1715, TSRA : 09/1715 to 09/1900
MO Kavali, TS: 09/1630 to 09/1735, TSRA : 09/1735 to 09/1800
MO Nellore, TSRA : 09/1620 to 09/1635, 09/1830 to 09/1855
Thiruvananthapuram Airport, TSRA : 09/1654 to 09/1710
Thiruvananthapuram, City : TSRA: 09/1640 to 09/1740
for 10 May Andhra Pradesh, CWC Visakhapatnam, TS: 10/0200 to 10/0210 10/0220 to
10/0305, 10/0700 to 10/0830, TSRA : 10/0210 to 10/0220, 10/0305 to 10/0700
MO Kakinada, TS: 10/0010 to 10/0035, TSRA : 10/0035 to 10/0400
MO Narsapur, TS: 10/0345 to 10/0530, TSRA: 10/0000 to 10/0345
CDR Machilipatnam, TSRA : 10/0142 to 10/0235, TS : 10/0000 to 10/0140,
10/0235 to 10/0400
AMS Gannavaram, TS : 10/0000 to 10/0045
M.O. Tuni, TSRA : 10/0100 to 10/0540
Thiruvananthapuram, City : TSRA : 10/0445 to 10/0630
Karnataka, Bangalore City, TSRA : 10/1850 to 10/1910
Bangalore, HAL, TSRA : 10/1910 to 10/1935, TS : 10/1910 to 10/2000
Gadag, TS : 10/1820 to 10/1852
for 19 May Andhra Pradesh, M C Hyderabad, TS : 19/1530 to 19/1550, 19/1600 to
19/1640, TSRA : 19/1550 to 19/1600, 19/1640 to 19/1700, 19/2345 to 19/2400
M O Ramagundam, TS : 19/1945 TO 19/2330
MO Kakinada, TS : 19/1640 to 19/1700
AMS Gannavaram, TS : 19/1840 to 19/1846
M O Nizamabad, TSRA : 19/2330 to 19/2400
PBO Anantapur, TS : 19/1440 to 19/1535, 19/1910 to 19/2005, 19/2035 to
19/2130, TSRA : 19/2005 to 19/2035
125
M. O. Tuni, TS : 19/1515 to 19/1625
Andhra Pradesh, IAF Hakimpet, TS: 1420-1430; 1630-1800;
IAF Dundigal, TS: 1700-1800;
Kerala, Karipur, TS : 19/0130 to 19/0200, 19/1900 to 19/2005
CIAL Kochi, TS : 19/1730 to 19/1750, 19/2030 to 19/2110
Kozhikode, TS : 19/1815 to 19/1925
Karnataka, Bangalore KIAL, TSRA : 19/1655 to 19/1745, TS : 19/1745 to
19/1750
Gadag, TS : 19/1325 to 19/1445, 19/1500 to 19/1710 TSRA : 19/1445 to
19/1500, 19/2110 to 19/2200, 19/2200 to 2210
Gulbarga, TS : 19/1920 to 19/1930, TSRA : 19/1930 to 19/1940
Belgaum AP, TS : 19/2355 to 19/2400
Mangalore AP, TSRA : 19/1510 to 19/1720
Karnataka, IAF Yelhanka, TS: 2230-0100;
(South Interior Andhra Pradesh, M C Hyderabad, TSRA : 20/0000 TO 20/0015
Karnataka, Coastal M O Nizamabad, TS : 20/0030 to 20/0230
Karnataka, Coastal MO Kurnool, TS : 20/1700 to 20/1740
Andhra Pradesh) for 20 PBO Anantapur, TS : 20/2200 to 20/2245, 20/2250 to 20/2340, TSRA: 20/2245
May to 20/2250
Andhra Pradesh, IAF hakimpet, TS: 1700-1900;
IAF DundigaL, TS: 1730-2000;
Tamilnadu, IAF sulur, TS: 1540-1730; 1800-1830;
Kerala, Kannur, TS : 20/0500 to 20/0555
Agathi, TS : 20/0910 to 20/0915, TSRA : 20/0922 to 20/1520
Karnataka, Gadag, TS : 20/0200 to 20/0240
Belgaum AP, TS : 20/0000 to 20/0010, TSRA: 20/0010 to 20/0705
Bangalore City, TS: 20/1745 to 20/1910, TSRA: 20/1930 to 20/2230
Bangalore HAL AP, TS: 20/1507 to 20/1540, 20/1625 to 20/1720, TSRA:
20/1540 to 20/1625, 20/1830 to 20/2400
Bangalore KIAL, TSRA : 20/1654 to 20/2300
Mysore, TS : 20/1700 to 20/1800
IAF Yelhanka, TS: 1630-1730;
(South Interior Andhra Pradesh, MO Ramagundam, 21/0525 to 21/0645
Karnataka, Coastal MO Kurnool, TS : 21/1525 to 21/1545, TSRA : 21/1545 to 21/1635
Karnataka, Coastal PBO Anantapur, TSRA : 21/1510 to 21/1545
Andhra Pradesh) for 21 Karnataka, Bangalore HAL AP, TSRA: 21/0000 to 21/0045
May Bangalore City, TS : 21/1815 to 21/2020
Gadag, TS : 21/1605 to 21/1630, 21/1645 to 21/1945, TSRA : 21/1630 to
21/1645
Belgaum, TSRA : 21/2000 to 21/2340, TS : 21/2340 to 21/2400
Honavar, TS : 21/1950 to 21/2030, 21/2110 to 21/2345, TSRA : 21/2030 to
21/2110
Mangalore AP, TSRA : 21/1850 to 21/1910, 21/2020 to 21/2040 TS: 21/1910
to 21/2020, 21/2040 to 21/2345
Kerala, CIAL, TS : 21/1855 to 21/2220
Southern Peninsular SOUTHERN PENINSULA (Tamilnadu and Karnataka)
India(Tamilnadu and Tamilnadu, Nagapattinam, TS : 27/0050 to 27/0140
Karnataka) for 27 May Tamilnadu, IAF Tambaram, TS: 0310-0400,
IAF Sulur, TS: 1645-1740; 1900-1930,
Karnataka, Gadag, TSRA : 27/0540 to 27/0740
Bangalore City, TS : 27/2100 to 27/2110, TSRA : 27/2110 to 27/2350
Bangalore HAL AP, TS : 27/1600 to 27/1745. 27/2100 to 27/2105, TSRA :
126
27/2105 to 27/2400
Bangalore KIAL, TSRA : 27/1334 to 27/1545, 27/2035 to 27/2400
Gulbarga, TS : 27/1240 to 27/1300, 27/1335 to 27/1430, 27/1550 to 27/1740,
TSRA : 27/1300 to 27/1310, 27/1320 to 27/1335, 27/1545 to 27/1550,
Gulbarga, Thunderstorm with Hail : 27/1310 to 27/1320
Belgaum AP, TSRA : 27/1650 to 27/1705, TS : 27/1705 to 27/1750
Chitradurga, TSRA : 27/2215 to 27/2240, TS : 27/2240 to 27/2300
Southern Peninsular SOUTHERN PENINSULA (Tamilnadu and Karnataka)
India(Tamilnadu and Tamilnadu, IAF SULUR, TS: 1540-1700,
Karnataka) for 28 May Karnataka, Bangalore HAL AP, TSRA : 28/0000 to 28/0205
Bangalore KIAL, TSRA : 28/0000 to 28/0050
Gadag, TS : 28/1850 to 28/2040, 28/2300 to 28/2400 TSRA : 28/1915 to
28/1920
Gulbarga, TS : 28/1555 to 28/1700, TSRA 28/1700 to 28/1708
Chamarajanagar, TS : 28/1500 to 28/1930, TSRA : 28/1930 to 28/2030
Belgaum AP, TS: 28/1625 to 28/1755
Southern Peninsular India SOUTHERN PENINSULA (Interior Karnataka & adjoining Kerala)
(Interior Karnataka & Kerala, Karipur AP, TS : 31/0240 to 31/0340
adjoining Kerala) 31 May Interior Karnataka
No Thunderstorm
12.3 West India; 15 April to 15 June:
Table 12c Intensive Observational Period (IOP) declared on 4 days during the period 15 April to 15
June, 2014 for West India

West India (Madhya WEST INDIA (Madhya Maharashtra)
Maharashtra) for 20 May No thunderstorm
West India (Madhya WEST INDIA (Madhya Maharashtra)
Maharashtra) for 21 May No thunderstorm
West India (Gujarat) on 12 June WEST INDIA (Gujrat)
No thunderstorm
West India (Gujarat) on 13 June WEST INDIA (Gujrat)
No thunderstorm
12.4 Central India; 15 April to 15 June, 2014:
Table 12d Intensive Observational Period (IOP) declared on 7 days during the period 15 April to 15
June, 2014 for Central India

Central India for 19 April CENTRAL INDIA
Madhya Pradesh, IAF Gwalior, TS: 19/0530-19/0715;
Vidarbha, Nagpur, TS: 19/1455 - 19/1745,
Chattisgarh, Ambikapur, TS: 19/0000 - 19/0145, 19/1800 - 19/2100,
127
Chattisgarh, Pendra Road, TS: 19/1535 - 19/1935,
Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, TS: 19/0715-19/1031;
Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur, TS: 19/1425-19/1515,
Chattisgarh, Raipur, TS: 19/2120-19/2310,
Central CENTRAL INDIA (Chhattisgarh)
India(Chhattisgarh) for Chattisgarh, Jagdalpur, TS: 20/1630-20/2000,
20 May
Central CENTRAL INDIA (Chhattisgarh)
India(Chhattisgarh) for Chattisgarh, Jagdalpur, TS: 21/1625 - 21/1930,
21 May
Central India for 10 June CENTRAL INDIA
Vidarbha, Akola, TS: 10/0200 - 10/0540,
Central India for 11 June CENTRAL INDIA
Akola, TS: 11/2000 - 11/2105,
Madhya Pradesh, Indore, TS: 11/1720 - 11/2035,
Central India (Madhya CENTRAL INDIA (Madhya Pradesh)
Pradesh) for 12 June Madhya Pradesh, Satna, TS: 12/2145 - 12/2245,
Central India (Madhya CENTRAL INDIA (Madhya Pradesh)
Pradesh) for 13 June Madhya Pradesh, Sagar, TS: 13/1435 - 13/1500,
Madhya Pradesh, Satna, TS: 13/1945 - 13/2010,
12.5 Northwest India; 15 April to 15 June, 2014:
Table 12e. Intensive Observational Period (IOP) declared on 15days during the period 15 April to 15
June, 2014 for Northwest India

Northwest India for 17 April NORTHWEST INDIA
Jammu & Kashmir, IAF Srinagar, TS: 17/1530-17/1730;
Punjab, IAF Pathankot, TS: 17/0530-17/0545,
Punjab, IAF AmriTSar, TS: 17/0530-17/0630; 17/0830-17/0930;
Punjab, IAF Adampur, TS: 17/0530-17/0800;
Punjab, IAF Halwara, TS: 17/0600-17/0830; 17/0905-17/1000; 17/1200-
17/1330;
Punjab, IAF Bathinda, TS: 17/0600-17/0730;
Punjab, IAF Ambala, TS: 17/0730-17/0930; 17/1035-17/1200;
Punjab, IAF Sirsa, TS: 17/0700-17/0745;
Rajasthan, IAF Nal, TS: 17/2215-17/2230;
Rajasthan, IAF Jaisalmer, TS: 17/0000-17/0200; 17/2015-17/2030;
17/2105-17/2200;
Rajasthan, IAF Jodhpur, TS: 17/0915-17/0930; 17/2230-17/0130;
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Agra, TS: 17/0530-17/0600,
Rajasthan, IAF Uttarlai, TS: 17/1500-17/1530;
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Sarsawa, TS: 17/0100-17/0145; 17/0750-17/0800;
128
17/0930-17/1000;
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Hindon, TS: 17/0145-17/0600;
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Barielly, TS: 17/1330-17/1500;
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Bakshi-Ka-Talab, TS: 17/1545-17/1600;
Jammu & Kashmir, Batote, TS: 17/1715-17/1810,
Jammu & Kashmir, Pahalgam, TS: 17/1500-17/1530,
Jammu & Kashmir, Banihal, TS: 17/1540- 17/2030,
Uttar Pradesh, Pbo Sundernagar, TS: 17/0621-17/0725
Punjab, AmriTSar, TS: 17/0305-17/0630, 17/0805-17/0910,
Punjab, Patiala, TS: 17/0615-17/0845, 17/1010-17/1100,
Punjab, Ludhiana, TS: 17/0920-17/1025, 17/1200-17/1340,
Punjab, Chandigarh IAF, TS: 17/0730-17/0900, 17/1035-17/1130
Punjab, Hissar, TS: 17/0755-17/0810,
Punjab, Ambala, TS: 17/0700-17/0820, 17/0830-17/1215
Punjab, Karnal, TS: 17/1000-17/1137,
Delhi, Mo Safdarjung, TS: 17/2245-18/0115, Squall: Period, Wsw Dir.
Max Wind 78 Kmph,
Uttrakhand, M. C. Dehradun, TS: 17/1210 - 17/1300,
Rajasthan, Jaipur, TS: 17/0230- 17/0320,
Rajasthan, Ajmer, TS: 17/0740- 17/0750,
Rajasthan, Jaisalmer, TS: 17/0110- 17/0140, 17/2333- 17/2310,
Rajasthan, Bikaner, TS: 17/2255-17/2345,
Uttar Pradesh, Hardoi, TS: 17/1430-17/1620
Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, TS: 17/1635-17/1705
Uttar Pradesh, Barabanki, TS: 17/1635-17/1705,
Uttar Pradesh, Jhansi, TS:17/1320-17/1430,17/1740-17/1820
Northwest India for 18 April NORTHWEST INDIA
Punjab, IAF Pathankot, TS: 18/0600-18/0900; 18/1800-18/2400;
Punjab, IAF Halwara, TS: 18/2110-19/0100;
Punjab, IAF Ambala, TS: 18/0000-18/0230;
Punjab, IAF Sirsa-, TS: 18/2200-18/2330;
Rajasthan, IAF Suratgarh, TS: 18/2230-18/2300;
Rajasthan, IAF Jaisalmer, TS: 18/0930-18/1130; 18/2030-18/2200;
Rajasthan, IAF Jodhpur, TS: 18/0130-18/0230; 18/0400-18/0500; 18/0505-
18/0530;
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Sarsawa, TS: 18/0615-18/0700;
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Agra, An, TS: 18/0920-18/1000; 18/1110-18/1230;
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Barielly, TS: 18/0430-18/0600; 18/0650-18/0930;
18/1100-18/1200,
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Kanpur, TS: 18/1730-18/1800;
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Allahabad, TS: 18/1915-18/2200;
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Gorakhpur, TS: 18/2200-18/2300,
Jammu & Kashmir, Jammu, TS: 18/0600- 18/1000, 18/1625- 18/1935,
Jammu & Kashmir, Batote, TS: 18/1015-18/1100, 18/2010-18/2050,
Jammu & Kashmir, Banihal, TS: 18/0410- 18/0750, 18/1240- 18/1610,
Jammu & Kashmir, Katra, TS: 18/1645-26/2310,
Jammu & Kashmir, Bhaderwah, TS: 18/1915- 18/2200,
Punjab, AmriTSar, TS: 18/0320-18/0520, 18/0558-18/0830, 18/1700-
18/2130, Hail: 18/1752- 18/1811, With Dia 0.3 Cm
129
Punjab, Patiala, TS: 18/2300 - 18/0110,
Punjab, Ludhiana, TS: 18/2200 -18/2400,
Punjab, Karnal, TS: 18/1100 -18/1137,
Punjab, Ambala, TS: 18/2340 -18/2400,
Punjab, Chandigarh IAF, TS: 18/2300 -18/2400,
Punjab, Chandigarh , TS: 18/2310 -19/0045,
Delhi, Mo Safdarjung, TS: 18/0415- 18/0645, Squall: 18/0505- 18/0507,
Sw Dir. Max Wind 43 Kt,
Delhi, Amo Palam, TS: 18/0100 -18/0230, 18/0630 -18/0710,
Uttrakhand, Mukteshwar, TS: 18/0710-18/0820, 18/0835-18/0850
Uttrakhand, Pantnagar, TS: 18/0700-18/0900
Rajasthan, Jaisalmer, TS: 18/0915-18/1000,
Rajasthan, Jodhpur, TS: 18/0030-18/0130,
Rajasthan, Bikaner, TS: 18/0103- 18/0210, 18/0320- 18/0450,
Rajasthan, Churu, TS: 18/0210- 18/0300,
Rajasthan, Sriganganagar, TS: 18/1935- 18/2228,
Rajasthan, Barmer, TS: 18/2340-18/2400,
Northwest India (Jammu and NORTHWEST INDIA (Jammu & Kashmir)
Kashmir) for 26 April Jammu & Kashmir, IAF Srinagar, TS: 1430-1900,
IAF Udhampur, TS: 1830-2200,
Katra, TS: 26/1830-26/1915,
Batote, TS: 26/1755-2010,
Pahalgam, TS: 26/1340- 26/1600,
Kupwara, TS: 26/1300- 26/1340,
Banihal, TS: 26/1440- 26/1710, 26/1815- 26/1850, 26/2030-26/2115,
Bhaderwah, TS: 26/1400- 26/1500, 26/1645- 26/1930,
Northwest India for 3 May NORTHWEST INDIA
Punjab, IAF Sirsa, TS: 03/0500-03/2000,
Rajasthan, IAF Nal, TS: 03/0640-03/0730, 03/1515-03/1630;
Rajasthan, IAF Jaisalmer, TS: 03/2030-04/0030;
Rajasthan, IAF Jodhpur, TS: 03/1630-03/2200,
Rajasthan, IAF Uttarlai, TS: 03/2200-03/2300,
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Agra, TS: 03/0200-03/0300, 03/1915-04/0100;
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Kanpur, TS: 03/0600-03/0630; 03/0730- 03/0800;
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Gorakhpur, TS: 03/0745-03/0830;
Jammu & Kashmir, Bhaderwah, TS: 03/1500-03/1715,
Uttar Pradesh, AMS Kangra, TS: 1640-1710,
Punjab, Hissar, TS: 03/1800-03/1920,
Delhi, Mo Safdarjung, Squall: 03/1824-03/1825, Westerly With Max.
Wind 44 Kmph,
Rajasthan, Ajmer, TS: 03/2050-03/2205,
Rajasthan, Bikaner, TS: 03/1500-03/1750, 03/2345-03/2400,
Rajasthan, Jaisalmer, TS: 03/2040-03/2400,
Jammu & Kashmir, IAF Udhampur, TS: 12/1300-12/1400; 12/2300-
12/2400;
Jammu & Kashmir, IAF Jammu, TS: 12/1700-12/1900; 12/2140-12/2200;
Punjab, IAF Pathankot, TS: 12/1000-12/1100; 12/1200-12/1210; 12/1830-
130
12/2000;
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Hindon, TS: 12/1500-12/1630; 12/1710-12/1930;
Uttar Pradesh, M. O. Shimla, TS: 1250-1300,
Uttar Pradesh, AMS, Shimla, TS: 12/1225-12/1250,
Uttar Pradesh, Pbo Sundernagar, TS: 1230-1500, 2010- 2325,
Uttar Pradesh, AMS Kangra, TS: 1030-1107, 1529-1550, 1625-1645,
Punjab, AmriTSar, TS: 12/1914-12/2030,
Punjab, Patiala, TS: 12/1045-12/1240,
Punjab, Hissar, TS: 12/1914-12/2030,
Punjab, Karnal, TS: 12/0950-12/1040,
Punjab, Ambala, TS: 12/1105-12/1215,
Rajasthan, Ajmer, TS: 12/0030-12/0400, 12/1500-12/1600, 12/1815-
12/2015,
Rajasthan, Sriganganagar, TS: 12/2100-12/2400,
Jammu & Kashmir, IAF Srinagar, TS: 13/1400-13/1900;
Jammu & Kashmir, IAF Udhampur, TS: 13/0000-13/0100; 13/0130-
13/0500; 13/1430-13/1730; 13/1730-13/1930;
Jammu & Kashmir, IAF Jammu, TS: 13/1630-13/1700; 13/1900-13/2200;
Punjab, IAF Pathankot, TS: 13/1800-13/1900;
Punjab, IAF AmriTSar, TS: 13/1910-13/2115;
Punjab, IAF Adampur, TS: 13/0000-13/0230;13/1730-13/1800;
Punjab, IAF Chandigarh, TS: 13/1840-13/1930;
Punjab, IAF Ambala, TS: 13/0430-13/0600;13/2020-13/2100;
Rajasthan, IAF Nal, TS: 13/0000-13/0500; 13/0600-13/0630; 13/2030-
13/2200;
Rajasthan, IAF Jaisalmer, TS: 13/2230-13/2300;
Rajasthan, IAF Jodhpur, TS: 13/2330-13/2400;
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Hindon, TS: 13/0340-13/0600; 13/0630-13/0700;
13/0900-13/0930; 13/2230-13/2400;
Jammu & Kashmir, Jammu, TS: 13/1505-13/1650,
Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar, TS: 13/1545-13/1600,
Jammu & Kashmir, Banihal, TS: 13/1520-13/1900,
Jammu & Kashmir, Katra, TS: 13/1605-13/1800,
131
Jammu & Kashmir, Kukarnag, TS: 13/1640-13/1700,
Jammu & Kashmir, Quazigund, TS: 13/1630-13/1930,
Uttar Pradesh, Pbo Sundernagar, TS: 13/2200-13/2400,
Punjab, AmriTSar, TS: 13/1743-13/2400,
Punjab, Patiala, TS: 13/0400-13/0715, 13/1945-13/2240,
Punjab, Chandigarh, TS: 13/0600-13/0625, 13/2100- 13/2400,
Punjab, Chandigarh IAF, TS: 13/2020-14/2400,
Punjab, Hissar, TS: 13/0110 -13/0300,
Punjab, Ambala, TS: 13/0400-13/0715, 13/1920-13/2400,
Delhi, Safdarjung, TS: 13/0500- 13/0600,
Delhi, Amo Palam, TS: 13/0355- 13/0420,
Uttrakhand, Dehradun, TS: 13/0725-13/0735,
Uttrakhand, Pantnagar, TS: 13/0745-13/0915,
Rajasthan, Ajmer, TS: 13/1915-13/2230, Hail: 13/2035-13/2036,
Rajasthan, Jodhpur, TS: 13/0420-13/-0610, 13/2340-13/2400,
Rajasthan, Kota, TS: 13/1820-13/1825, 13/1850-13/1900, 13/2040-13/2055,
13/2130-13/2220,
Rajasthan, IAF Nal, TS: 15/0500-15/0600,
Rajasthan, Barmer, TS: 15/0000- 15/0050, 15/1515-15/1730,
Rajasthan, IAF Jodhpur, TS: 16/0000-16/0100,
Rajasthan, Jaisalmer, TS: 16/0110-16/0200,16/1800-16/1815,
Rajasthan, Pbo Dabok, TS: 16/1755-16/2100,
Rajasthan, Kota, TS: 16/1735-16/1800,
Rajasthan, IAF Jodhpur, TS: 24/0140-24/0200; 24/0230-24/0400;
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Agra, TS: 24/1950-24/2200;
Jammu & Kashmir, Bhaderwah, TS: 24/1315-24/1440, 24/1745-24/1900,
Uttar Pradesh, Pbo Sunder Nagar, TS: 24/0150-24/0320,
Punjab, Ambala, TS: 24/0130-24/0245,
Delhi, Safdarjung, TS: 24/0200-24/0300, 24/1832-24/2100, Hail: 24/1903-
132
24/1915, With Dia 1.0 Cm
Delhi, Amo Palam, TS: 24/1855- 24/2050,
Uttrakhand, Dehradun, TS: 24/0305-24/0510,
Uttrakhand, Mukteshwar, TS: 24/0540-24/0610, 24/0745-24/0815,
Rajasthan, Jaipur, TS: 24/0930-24/1055, 24/2025-24/2032, 24/2128-
24/2400,
Rajasthan, Ajmer, TS: 24/1955-24/2115,
Rajasthan, Churu, TS: 24/0000 -24/0040,
Jammu & Kashmir, IAF Udhampur, TS: 25/1500-25/1730;
Punjab, IAF Bathinda, TS: 25/1230-25/1330; 25/1600-25/1900;
Rajasthan, IAF Jodhpur, TS: 25/1715-25/1900;
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Bakshi-Ka-Talab, TS: 25/0600-25/0700;
Jammu & Kashmir, Kukarnag, TS: 25/1450-25/1625,
Jammu & Kashmir, Quazigund, TS: 25/1550-25/1655,
Uttar Pradesh, Shimla, TS: 25/1700-25/1820
Uttar Pradesh, Pbo Sunder Nagar, TS: 25/1705-25/1732, 25/1930-25/1945,
Punjab, Ludhiana, TS: 25/1545-25/1830,
Punjab, Chandigarh, TS: 25/1850-25/1920,
Punjab, Hissar, TS: 25/1630-25/1705,
Delhi, Safdarjung, Squall: 25/2025-25/2027, Northerly With Max. Wind
60 Kmph,
Delhi, Amo Palam, TS: 25/2000- 25/2035, Squall: 25/2035-25/2036,
Northerly With Max. Wind 74 Kmph,
Uttrakhand, M. C. Dehradun, TS: 25/1915- 25/2310,
Rajasthan, Jaipur, TS: 25/0000-25/0205,
Rajasthan, Jodhpur, TS: 25/0000-25/0315
Rajasthan, Udaipur, TS: 25/1600-25/2230,
Jammu & Kashmir, Pahalgam, TS: 26/1640-26/1655
Delhi, Safdarjung, TS: 26/0015- 23/0135,
Uttrakhand, M. C. Dehradun, TS: 1650- 1805,
Uttar Pradesh, Agra, TS: Data Not Available
Jammu & Kashmir, IAF Srinagar, TS: 31/0200-31/0230; 31/0300-31/0600;
Jammu & Kashmir, IAF Udhampur, TS: 31/0645-31/0930;
Jammu & Kashmir, IAF Jammu, TS: 31/0600-31/0800;
133
Punjab, IAF Bathinda, TS: 31/0130-31/0300; 31/0530-31/0600;
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Agra, TS: 31/1730-31/1830; 31/1900-31/1930;
Uttar Pradesh, IAF Kanpur, TS: 31/2100-31/2230;
Jammu & Kashmir, Jammu, TS: 31/0615-31/0805,
Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar, TS: 31/2115-31/2130,
Jammu & Kashmir, Pahalgam, TS: 31/2040-31/2050, 31/2147-31/2200,
Jammu & Kashmir, Katra, TS: 31/0630-0840,
Jammu & Kashmir, Gulmarg, TS: 31/1830- 31/1910,
Jammu & Kashmir, Kukernag, TS: 31/2210- 31/2400,
Jammu & Kashmir, Kupwara, TS: 31/1740-31/2000,
Jammu & Kashmir, Bhaderwah, TS: 31/0915-31/0945, 31/1520-31/1525,
Punjab, Hissar, TS: 31/2100-01/2300,
Uttar Pradesh, Sultanpur, TS: 31/0000-31/0300
Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi A.P, TS: 31/0130-30/0250
Uttar Pradesh, Fursatganj , TS: 31/0200-31/0300
Uttar Pradesh, Meerut, TS: 31/1740-31/1824
Uttar Pradesh, Banda, TS: 31/2100-31/2120
Uttar Pradesh, Orai, TS: 31/1930-31/2100
Northwest India (Jammu and NORTHWEST INDIA
Kashmir) for 7 June Jammu & Kashmir, Bhaderwah, TS: 07/1345-07/1445,
Northwest India (Jammu and NORTHWEST INDIA

Kashmir) for 8 June Jammu & Kashmir, IAF Srinagar, TS: 08/1330-08/1500; 08/2030-08/2200;
Jammu & Kashmir, Kupwara, TS: 08/1400-08/1500,
Rajasthan, Pilani, TS: 08/1530-08/1545,
Northwest India (Rajasthan) NORTHWEST INDIA (Rajasthan)
on 13 June Rajasthan, IAF Suratgarh, TS: 13/0600- 13/0630;
Rajasthan, Churu, TS: 13/0145-13/0300,
134
13
CONCLUSION
The SAARC STORM-2014 was carried out in respect of all the SAARC countries and each country
was required to produce the report about its implementation. This report refers to the action taken by
India towards the implementation of the program. The thunderstorm monitoring was carried out over
entire India from 15 March to 15 June, 2014. This report brings out some important results about
various convective severe weather events (Thunderstorms, Squalls and Hailstorms) recorded at
various IMD and IAF stations in various regions. It was observed that the highest thunder squall
events were recorded over East India (16) followed by Northwest India (12). South Peninsular India
recorded the least number of thunder squalls (1). West Bengal recorded maximum number of thunder
squalls (14) followed by Delhi (12). Reporting of a Squall is a limitation if the requisite instrument
for reporting a wind gust (DIWE) is not available at the station. It was observed that the highest
hailstorm events were recorded over Northwest India (34) followed by East India (21).They both
accounted for about 81% of the total hailstorm events over the country. West Bengal recorded
maximum number of hailstorms (21) followed by Jammu & Kashmir (15). All the thunder squall
events over West Bengal were recorded over Gangetic West Bengal while 74 % of the total
hailstorms over West Bengal were recorded in SHWB. The results have been discussed in detail in
this report and some concluding salient synoptic conditions responsible for the Pre-Monsoon
thunderstorm/convective activity over different regions are discussed below:
13.1 Northeast India:

Assam and adjacent North-east Indian states is a region of very high frequency of thunderstorm
activity during the pre-monsoon season. The highest number of thunderstorms in each month of the
Storm Period i.e. March, April, May and June were recorded in Assam Thunderstorms over this
region are different from the norwesters of Gangetic West Bengal (except Sub-Himalayan west
Bengal). Main differences are the predominance of thunderstorms during night and early morning
hours. During the entire Storm period (15 March -15 June), the frequency was highest during night
(30%) followed by evening (28%) In Guwahati 50 % of the thunderstorms occurred between 1800
and 2400 hrs IST. In contrast Tripura ,Manipur and adjacent areas the thunderstorm frequency was
maximum in the afternoon/evening as in Gangetic West Bengal.
A well marked east-west oriented discontinuity between easterlies over Sub-Himalayan West
Bengal, Sikkim and Assam and southerlies or south-westerlies to the south was found favourable
135
situation for thunderstorm activity over northeast India. The winds over the Gangetic West Bengal
and Bangladesh are often strong southerlies, with speed reaching 35 to 40 Kts, particularly during
night time. The downstream weakening of the strong southerlies as they reach further north may
cause low level convergence. This may be one of the causes for the night time thunderstorms in Sub-
Himalayan West Bengal, Assam and adjoining states. Thus when a strong warm moist air advection
in the lower levels is superposed by the cold dry advection in the upper levels, instability may set in
due to large vertical variations in advection. It was also seen that a majority of spells of thunderstorm
activity in this region are associated with passage of troughs in westerlies. During the passage of a
mid-upper tropospheric trough, the lower level winds (850 hpa onwards) over Assam and adjacent
states become south/southwesterly and are also stronger than normal. A number of theses troughs are
associated with Sub-tropical Jet Stream (STJ) so that the effect of the jet and the trough become
additive in certain areas and enhance the thunderstorm activity (refer case studies). Orography is
another important factor in this region as it provides the forced lifting of the level moist air. The
katabatic flows from the mountains into the valley during night time provide the undercutting of the
low level warm moist air.
13.2 East India:
The frequency of thunderstorms was highest during evening for March, April and May and during
afternoon in June. Highest thunderstorm activity was observed over West Bengal followed by Odisha
in all the months. No thunderstorm activity was recorded in Bihar in March and in Jharkhand in
April. For storm period as a whole, the highest frequency was during evening (33%) followed by
night (24%). The most common synoptic situation, favourable for a good norwester activity in east
India was the movement of a western disturbance and the induced low across Northwest India, Uttar
Pradesh and North Madhya Pradesh. The location of the east-west trough line east of 80° E,
associated with the low pressure area farther west, determines the area of thunderstorm activity over
East India. This trough may be anywhere from north Uttar Pradesh and north Bihar in the north to
southeast Madhya Pradesh and south Odisha in the south. Another major reason was the temperatures
over East India are high in April and May .The high temperature is an effective source of low level
heating leading to realisation of the instability.
13.3 North West India:

The frequency of thunderstorms was highest during night for March & April and during evening in
May and June. The synoptic conditions that affect this area during the pre-monsoon season are the
western disturbances and their associated induced lows. Most of the spells of convective activity in
136
northwest India are associated with a western disturbance. In association with the western
disturbances and induced lows, easterlies /south easterlies often prevail over Uttar Pradesh and
northern parts of Northwest India in the low levels. Orography also enhances the convective activity
over western Himalayas. Due to the higher frequency of western disturbances in the month of March,
the thunderstorm activity over NW India is very high in March and first fortnight of April. It
decreases considerably in the month of May.
13.4 Southern Peninsula:
The frequency was highest during evening for April & May and during night in June. Highest
frequency was observed in Kerala followed by Karnataka in March & April and over Andhra Pradesh
in May & June. During this season, a wind discontinuity in the lower troposphere extending from
south Kerala to east Vidharbha and southeast Madhya Pradesh is a seasonal feature. The seasonal
wind discontinuity is also a line of moisture discontinuity. The air to the southeast is generally moist
while the air to the west is much drier, particularly in the north peninsula .Aided by orography and
the afternoon isolation, isolated thunderstorm activity may occur along this discontinuity on most of
the days. Troughs in mid and upper tropospheric westerlies sometime amplify and extend southwards
into the central parts of the country and north Peninsula. Very occasionally the trough may extend
further south even into south Peninsula and the upper westerly regime may cover the whole country.
The upper air trough along with the low level wind discontinuity gives rise to large scale
thunderstorms over the Peninsula. Another type of disturbance that produces large scale thunderstorm
activity over the peninsula is the system in easterlies. This is usually noticed when the easterly flow is
well marked over the peninsula, south Bay, and south Arabian Sea and is sufficiently deep (upto 3
kms) , these disturbances may move across the extreme southern parts of the country and Sri Lanka.
In addition to the above, onset and advance of Southwest monsoon also gives good thunderstorm
activity in the peninsular region.
13.5 Central India:
The frequency was highest during evening for April and May followed by night. In June, the
frequency was highest during night followed by evening. Highest frequency of thunderstorms was
recorded over Chhattisgarh in April and Madhya Pradesh in May & June. The wind discontinuity
oriented southwest-northeast across east Vidharba and southeast Madhya Pradesh is a potential
137
region of thunderstorm development for central and Peninsular India, as discussed earlier.The
orography of Madhya Pradesh and Vidharbha also play a role in thunderstorm development.A deep
trough in westerliues extending upto central India is seen to cause thunderstorm activity over Gujarat,
Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. The westerly jet when moves southwards from its mean seasonal
position ,it may lie over central India ,giving thunderstorm activity with hailstorms, in case of jet core
passing over that region.
REFERENCES
1) Srinivasan V., Ramamurthy K. and Nene Y.R., 1973: “IMD Forecasting Manual Part III-
Discussion of Typical Synoptic Situations”, FMU Rep No.III-2.2, Dec,1973, Office of
DDGM(Forecasting), Pune
2) Tyagi Ajit 2007, “Thunderstorm Climatology over Indian Region”, Mausam, 58 (2), 189-212.
3) Mohanty U.C., Sikka D.R., etal, 2006, “Weather Summary during Pilot Experiment of Severe
Thunderstorms-Observations and Regional Modeling (STORM) Programme-2006”,
Department of Science & Technology.
4) WMO(World Meteorological Organisation), 1953, “World Distribution of Thunderstorm
Days”, WMO No. 21, TP.6 and Supplement (1956), Geneva.
138
Appendix I
(Storm Bulletins Issued during SAARC STROM Project-2014)
139
SAARC STORM PROJECT NOC Bulletin NO. 1 (14-03-2014)
S. No. 14th March,2014 STORM area of interest (Southern Peninsula)

Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at 0300 Hrs IST of · A fresh western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto 3.6 kms a.s.l. lies over northeast Afghanistan and north
14th March Pakistan. System would move east north eastwards.
· The western disturbance lies as a trough in mid & upper tropospheric westerlies with its axis at 5.8 kms a.s.l. roughly along Long. 57° E
to the north of Lat. 35° N. System would move eastnortheastwards.
· The cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. over east Madhya Pradesh and adjoining Chhattisgarh persists.
· A trough in the lower levels runs from Arunachal Pradesh to north Bay of Bengal.
· A trough in easterlies at 0.9 km a.s.l. extends from Lakshadweep area to south Gujarat across east central Arabian Sea.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Vishakhapatnam Chennai Thiruvananthapuram Hyderabad

00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 1255.31 425.57 0.0 0.27
CINE J/Kg -132.88 -282.56 0.0 -310.42
SWI 163.98 86.21 46.18 ------
TPWC in mm 40.77 27.22 20.52 23.42
3. DWR Report Mild Squall line originated in Machilipatnam and Vishakhapatnam Radar: 82 -83.5°E, 17.5-17.9° N at 0800 UTC: embedded cells with dbZ:
>50: Ht: >10 Km were seen at 0930 UTC.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at 0300 UTC of 14th Broken Medium layered clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over Afghanistan ,West Pakistan West J&K (minimum CTT
March over the STORM area -50 °C) and over area between lat 37.0N to 45.0N long 60.0E to 80.0E and bet lat 40.0N to 50.0N long 80.0E. to 96.0E in association with
WD over the area. Scattered to moderate to intense convective clouds over Chhattisgarh (minimum CTT minus 40 ° C) & West Central
Odisha (minimum CTT minus 36 °C).
5. Realized Significant weather ending at 0300 Kartala (Distt- Korba) in Chhattisgarh has reported Rainfall of 11.0 mm with Hailstorm on 13-03-2014 around 1600 hrs IST.
UTC of 14th March
6. NWP advisory · IMD-GFS model analysis of 0000 UTC of 14th March 2014 shows anticyclonic flow all over the country in the lower troposphere with its
centre over central India at 850 hPa. Model forecast also shows development of north-south trough over Bangladesh along longitude 88
deg. E on day3. The forecast also shows that a western disturbance is approaching and would affect the Jammu & Kashmir on day2 and
day3.
• IMD-WRF model analysis of 0000 UTC of 14th March 2014 also shows similar features during next 72hours.
7. WAC Advisory No IOP for next 2 days.
140
Accumulated 24 Hour rainfall recorded at 0300 UTC of 14th March CAPE analysis dated 14th March
141
th
S. No. 19 March,2014 STORM area of interest(Southern Peninsula)
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at 0300 Hrs · The western disturbance as a trough in mid & upper tropospheric westerlies with its axis at 5.8 kms a.s.l. runs roughly along Long.
th
IST of 19 March 80° E to the north of Lat. 30° N. System would move eastnortheastwards.
· The induced cyclonic circulation over Haryana and adjoining west Uttar Pradesh has moved away eastnortheastwards.
· The cyclonic circulation over Bangladesh and adjoining Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim now lies as a trough at 0.9km a.s.l. from
Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim to Odisha across Gangetic West Bengal.
· The trough of low at mean sea level over southwest Bay of Bengal off Sri Lanka coast now lies as an upper air cyclonic circulation
extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over Sri Lanka and neighbourhood.
· A trough of low at mean sea level extends from Lakshadweep area to south Gujarat coast.
00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 0.0 37.92 207.33 9.89
CINE J/Kg 0.0 -386.62 -93.41 -307.98
SWI 136.40 44.20 173.19 140.58
TPWC in mm 29.56 28.10 43.23 22.62
3. DWR Report Echo seen in DWR Agartala near Silchar at 1200 UTC of 19 March :dbZ >55 and Cloud Ht: around 10 Km.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at 0300 UTC Broken Medium layered clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over Northeast Jammu & Kashmir (minimum CTT -39
th
of 19 March over the STORM area °C) in association with Western Disturbance over the area.
5. Realized Significant weather ending at Thunderstorms were recorded at isolated places in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Sikkim,
th
0300 UTC of 19 March Arunachal Pradesh, Assam & Meghalaya. Hail storms were recorded at Pithoragarh and Champavat in Uttarakhand.
142
143
st
S. No. 21 March,2014 STORM area of interest (Southern Peninsula)
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at 0300 Hrs IST of • The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation now lies over northeast Afghanistan and adjoining Pakistan and extends
21st March upto 3.1 kms a.s.l. System would move eastnortheastwards.
• An induced cyclonic circulation extending upto 3.1 kms a.s.l. lies over central Pakistan and neighbourhood. System would move
eastnortheastwards.
• The cyclonic circulation extending upto 2.1 kms a.s.l. over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim and neighbourhood now lies over
Bangladesh and neighbourhood.
• The other cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over south Chhattisgarh and adjoining Odisha persists.
• The cyclonic circulation over Comorin area now lies over Lakshadweep-Maldives area and extends upto 1.5 kms a.s.l.
• A trough in lower level easterlies extends from the above cyclonic circulation to south Konkan & Goa.
00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 189.13 1423.00 905.56 0.0
CINE J/Kg -303.02 -180.51 -52.80 0.0
SWI 178.19 94.39 184.39 124.01
TPWC in mm 37.15 36.37 47.39 22.66
3. DWR Report at 0900 UTC No significant echo was seen in any RADAR.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at 0600 UTC of 21st Scattered Medium layered clouds were seen over Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab, exterior Northeast
March over the STORM area Rajasthan, Haryana and West Uttar Pradesh.
5. Realized Significant weather ending at 0300 19.03.2014: Hailstorm -MO Gangtok: 1302 – 1306 hrs IST, MO Tadong: 1400 – 1405 hrs IST with estimated dia - 01 cm PTO Darjeeling:
UTC of 21st March 1730 – 1735 hrs IST on 19.03.2014 with estimated dia - 0.5 cm. Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over Arunachal Pradesh, Assam
& Odisha. 20.03.2014: Hail storm= Tezpur: 20/1440 -1443 size =2cms. Imphal- Hail from 20/2045-2065. Thunderstorm occurred at
isolated places over Kerala, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam & West Bengal.
6. NWP advisory • IMD-GFS model analysis of 0000 UTC of 21 March 2014 shows two cyclonic circulations, one over Bangladesh and other over Pakistan
and adjoining Rajasthan in 850 hPa.
· Model forecast shows cyclonic circulation over Pakistan moves eastward and lies over north Rajasthan and a trough extends from the
CYCIR to the Odisha on day1. 48 h forecast shows development of a CYCIR over Gangetic West Bengal and a north-south trough over
south peninsula (over Karnataka).
· Model forecast also shows light rainfall over J&K on day1, day2 and day3, and light rainfall over Bangladesh and NE-states on day2 and
day3.
144
Accumulated 24 Hour rainfall recorded at 0300 UTC of 21st March CAPE analysis dated 21st March
145
S. No. 24th March,2014, STORM area of interest(Southern Peninsula)

Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at • The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation over western parts of Afghanistan and neighbourhood now lies over central parts of
0300 Hrs IST of 24th March Afghanistan and adjoining Pakistan and extends upto mid tropospheric levels with a trough aloft. System would move eastnortheastwards.
• An induced cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. lies over central Pakistan and neighbourhood. System would move eastnortheastwards.
• The cyclonic circulation over north Odisha and adjoining areas of Gangetic West Bengal & Jharkhand now lies over Gangetic West Bengal and
neighbourhood and extends upto 1.5 kms a.s.l.
• The wind discontinuity at 0.9 km a.s.l. from Lakshadweep area to Marathwada now extends from Lakshadweep to west Madhya Pradesh across interior
Karnataka and Marathwada.
• The induced cyclonic circulation over east Rajasthan and adjoining west Madhya Pradesh has merged with the above system.
00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 0.0 472.80 154.68 21.35
CINE J/Kg 0.0 -235.65 -65.80 -401.42
SWI 81.39 37.19 175.00 61.22
TPWC in mm 22.47 26.94 33.92 23.51
3. DWR Report at 0900 UTC Multiple echoes in DWR Kolkata were seen at 1000 UTC exceeding 60 dbZ and Cloud ht more than 10 Km (Indicating high probability of Hail storm over
the Gangetic West Bengal and adjoining region).
Multiple echoes in DWR Agartala at 1000 UTC exceeding 40 dbZ and cloud Ht 8 Km (indicating Thunderstorm activity).
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at Broken Low/Medium clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over North Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, North Tripura,
0900 UTC of 24th March over North Gangetic West Bengal and adjoining areas. Broken Low/Medium clouds over Nagaland, Bihar, Meghalaya, South Assam, Sub Himalayan West
the STORM area Bengal, Northeast Jharkhand, Odisha & isolated over rest north-eastern states.
5. Realized Significant weather 22.03.2014: Hailstorm -MO Sriniketan (GWB):1750 - 1800 hrs IST on 22.03.2014 with approx. Dia-1.5 cm. Squall hit at Agartala from 22/1605 to 22/1607
ending at 0300 UTC of 24th from direction 2300 and wind speed reaching 37 Kts. Thunderstorm occurred at few places over West Bengal & at isolated places over Tripura, Manipur,
March Kerala, Haryana & West Rajasthan. 23.03.2014: Hail storm-Pet Canning(GWB): 1830 - 1930 hrs IST on 23.03.2014 with approx. Dia-1.0 cm., Shillong
(Meghalaya): Hail from 23/0525hrs to 23/0550hrs having size 4mm. Thunderstorm occurred at few places over West Bengal, Haryana & West Rajasthan &
at isolated places over Assam and Meghalaya, Kerala, Odisha & Punjab.
6. NWP advisory · IMD-GFS model low level wind (850 hPa) analysis of 0000 UTC of 24 March 2014 shows a western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation over
central Pakistan and adjoining areas. Model Analysis also shows that a wind discontinuity line at low level (850 hPa) running from Lakshadweep to
west Madhya Pradesh across interior Karnataka.
· Model forecast shows that the western disturbance (upper air cyclonic circulation) over central Pakistan and adjoining areas would move east
northeastwards after 72 hours. The forecast also shows rainfall activity over Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh during next 24 hours and over
Uttarakhand during next 48 hours.
· IMD-WRF model analysis of 0000 UTC of 24 March 2014 also shows similar features during next 72hours.
7. WAC Advisory No IOP for next 2 days
146
147
th
S.No. 26 March,2014 STORM area of interest(Southern Peninsula)
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at · The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation over north Pakistan and adjoining Jammu & Kashmir now lies over Jammu & Kashmir
0300 Hrs IST of 26th March and adjoining Pakistan and extends upto 3.1 kms a.s.l. System would move eastnortheastwards.
· The induced cyclonic circulation over west Rajasthan and neighbourhood now lies over Haryana and neighbourhood and extends upto 2.1 kms
a.s.l. System would move eastnortheastwards.
· The trough at 0.9 km a.s.l. from the above cyclonic circulation to Marathwada across west Madhya Pradesh persists.
· A cyclonic circulation between 1.5 & 2.1 kms a.s.l. lies over northwest Madhya Pradesh and neighbourhood.
· The other western disturbance as a trough in mid & upper tropospheric westerlies with its axis at 5.8 kms a.s.l. now runs roughly along Long. 64° E
· The cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over Bangladesh and adjoining west Bengal now lies over Bangladesh and neighbourhood.
· The trough in the lower level easterlies now extends from Lakshadweep area to north interior Karnataka.
00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 1133.73 238.65 0.0 0.0
CINE J/Kg -235.72 -351.32 0.0 0.0
SWI 123.61 102.61 81.60 48.41
TPWC in mm 36.71 27.32 20.36 18.06
3. DWR Report at 0900 UTC Single echo in DWR Delhi were seen at 26/0042 UTC near Hissar exceeding 60dbZ and cloud height more than 10Km.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at Broken multi layered clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over Jammu & Kashmir, South Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand,
0900 UTC of 26th March over Haryana, Delhi, West Uttar Pradesh & North Rajasthan in association with Western Disturbance over the area. Scattered low/medium clouds over rest
the STORM area Punjab and isolated over rest Uttar Pradesh. Broken low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over east Meghalaya,
Central Assam, Nagaland, North Manipur & Arunachal Pradesh. Scattered low/medium clouds over Sikkim, Bhutan & Mizoram. Scattered low/medium
clouds over rest Rajasthan, Saurashtra & Kutch and Madhya Pradesh. Scattered low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate
convection over South East Tamil Nadu, adjoining Kerala. Isolated low/medium clouds over Lakshadweep.
5. Realized Significant weather 24.03.2014: Hailstorm –Rampur hat: 1310 – 1320 hrs IST on 24.03.2014 with approx. Dia-1.5 cm. Thunderstorm occurred at few places over GWB.
ending at 0300 UTC of 26th 25.03.2014: Thunder Squall: Alipore: 1531-1532hrs IST on 25.03.2014 from NW’ly dir. With max wind speed 58 Kmph. Thunderstorm occurred at few
March places over few places over Assam & at isolated places over Haryana, Rajasthan, Jammu & Kashmir, GWB, Odisha, Meghalaya & Mizoram.
6. NWP advisory · IMD-GFS model low level wind (850 hPa) analysis of 0000 UTC of 26 March 2014 shows a western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation
over north Pakistan and adjoining Jammu & Kashmir and associated cyclonic circulation over Rajasthan. Model Analysis shows an upper air cyclonic
circulation over North East India and associated north south trough is seen over Bangladesh and adjoining areas.
· Model Analysis also shows a wind discontinuity line at low level (850 hPa) running from comorin area to north interior Karnataka
7. WAC Advisory No IOP for Southern Peninsula for next 2 days.
148
149
S.No. 28th March,2014 STORM area of interest(Southern Peninsula)

Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at 0300 · The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation over northeast Afghanistan and adjoining Pakistan lies over north Pakistan and
Hrs IST of 28th March adjoining Jammu & Kashmir and extends up to 4.5 kms a.s.l. However, the trough aloft now extends with its axis at 5.8 kms a.s.l. roughly along
Long. 68° E to the north of Lat. 30° N. System would move eastnortheastwards.
· An induced cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. lies over west Rajasthan and neighbourhood. System would move
eastnortheastwards.
· The cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over central parts of Madhya Pradesh and neighbourhood persists .
· The wind discontinuity at 0.9 km a.s.l. now extends from the above cyclonic circulation to north interior Karnataka across interior Maharashtra.
· The cyclonic circulation over Bangladesh and neighbourhood now lies over Sub -Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim and neighbourhood and
extends upto 1.5 kms a.s.l.
00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 0.0 0.79 56.23 0.0
CINE J/Kg 0.0 -580.65 -213.87 0.0
SWI 143.21 100.00 196.78 80.58
TPWC in mm 31.75 26.95 35.45 21.35
3. DWR Report at 0900 UTC Strong echo in DWR Delhi was seen at 28/0922 UTC near Pilani with more than 55 dbZ and cloud height more than 10Km.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at 0900 Broken multi layered clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over Jammu & Kashmir, (minimum CTT minus 56 deg C) Himachal
UTC of 28th March over the Pradesh (minimum CTT minus 50 deg C) Uttarakhand (minimum CTT minus 49 deg C) and scattered multi layered over Punjab Haryana, Delhi and
STORM area Rajasthan in association with Western Disturbance over the area. Scattered low/medium clouds over Uttar Pradesh. Scattered low/medium clouds
with embedded moderate to intense convection over Sikkim, Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh. Scattered low/medium clouds over Bihar, rest North-
eastern states. Scattered low/medium clouds over Northwest Gujarat, North Madhya Pradesh and isolated over rest Madhya Pradesh and
Maharashtra. Scattered low/medium clouds with embedded isolated moderate to intense convection over Kerala, Tamil Nadu, South Rayalaseema
and adjoining Sikkim. Scattered low/medium clouds over costal Andhra Pradesh and Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea. Scattered
low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over Southwest Bay.
5. Realized Significant weather 26.03.2014: Thunder storm occurred at isolated places over Odisha.
ending at 0300 UTC of 28th March 27.03.2014: Thunder storm occurred at isolated places over Odisha, West Bengal and Assam.
6. NWP advisory · GFS model low level wind (850 hPa) analysis of 0000 UTC of 28 March 2014 shows a western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation over
north Pakistan and adjoining Jammu & Kashmir and an associated cyclonic circulation over Rajasthan.
· Model Analysis shows an upper air cyclonic circulation over North East India and a north south trough over Bangladesh and adjoining areas.
· Model Analysis also shows a wind discontinuity line at low level (850 hPa) running from comorin area to Madhya Pradesh and neighbourhood.
· Model forecast shows that the western disturbance (upper air cyclonic circulation) over north Pakistan and adjoining J&K areas would move east
northeastwards after 24 hour. The forecast also shows rainfall activity over Himachal Pradesh and adjoining areas during next 48 hours.
150
151
S.No. 31st March, 2014 STORM area of interest(Southern Peninsula)

Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at 0300 · Severe heat wave conditions prevailed in some parts of Gangetic West Bengal. Heat wave conditions prevailed in some parts of Odisha and
Hrs IST of 31st March coastal Andhra Pradesh.
· The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation over Jammu & Kashmir and adjoining north Pakistan has moved away
northeastwards yesterday evening.
· A fresh western disturbance as a trough in mid & upper tropospheric westerlies with its axis at 5.8 kms a.s.l. extends roughly along Long. 45° E
· The trough in the lower tropospheric levels from Arunachal Pradesh to north Odisha now lies as an upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto
0.9 km a.s.l. over Assam & Meghalaya and neighbourhood.
· A trough in the lower tropospheric levels extends from north Odisha to south Tamil Nadu across Telangana and interior Karnataka.
· The trough in lower levels easterlies from Lakshadweep area to south interior Karnataka has become less marked.
00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 12.34 0.0 465.50 167.52
CINE J/Kg -524.09 0.0 -13.22 -215.03
SWI 198.40 127.21 164.01 106.81
TPWC in mm 38.66 30.73 35.28 26.33
3. DWR Report at 0900 UTC No significant echo.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at 0600 Scattered low/medium clouds over Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, South Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh. Broken low/medium clouds with
UTC of 31st March over the STORM embedded moderate to intense convection over Arunachal Pradesh (minimum CTT -50° C). Scattered low/medium clouds over Sikkim. Scattered
area low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak convection over North-east Rajasthan. Scattered low/medium clouds over rest East Rajasthan.
Scattered low/medium clouds over Nicobar Islands.
5. Realized Significant weather ending 28.03.2014: Thunder storm occurred at a few places over Haryana and at isolated places over Himachal Pradesh & Punjab. 29.03.2014: Thunder
at 0300 UTC of 31st March storm occurred at isolated places over Jammu & Kashmir, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. 30.03.2014: Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over
Assam and Sikkim.
6. NWP advisory · GFS model low level wind (850 hPa) analysis of 0000 UTC of 28 March 2014 shows a western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation over
north Pakistan and adjoining Jammu & Kashmir and an associated cyclonic circulation over Rajasthan.
· Model Analysis shows an upper air cyclonic circulation over North East India and a north south trough over Bangladesh and adjoining areas.
· Model Analysis also shows a wind discontinuity line at low level (850 hPa) running from comorin area to Madhya Pradesh and neighbourhood.
· Model forecast shows that the western disturbance (upper air cyclonic circulation) over north Pakistan and adjoining J&K areas would move east
northeastwards after 24 hour. The forecast also shows rainfall activity over Himachal Pradesh and adjoining areas during next 48 hours.
152
Accumulated 24 Hour rainfall recorded at 0300 UTC of 31st March CAPE analysis dated 31st March
153
nd
S.No. 02 April, 2014 STORM area of interest(Southern Peninsula, East and North-East India)
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at 0300 · The western disturbance as the trough in mid & upper tropospheric westerlies with its axis at 5.8 kms a.s.l. now runs roughly along Long. 65° E to
UTC of 02nd April the north of Lat. 30° N. System would move eastnortheastwards.
· An induced cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. lies over Northwest Rajasthan and neighbourhood.
· The upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over Assam & Meghalaya and neighbourhood persists.
· The trough at 0.9 km a.s.l. from the above cyclonic circulation to Gangetic West Bengal persists.
· The trough/wind discontinuity in the lower tropospheric levels from north Odisha to south Tamil Nadu across Andhra Pradesh persists.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Vishakhapatnam Chennai Thiruvananthapuram Hyderabad Kolkata Guwahati
00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 2.68 1493.75 2124.18 100.16 1567.16 0.0
CINE J/Kg -582.56 -288.5 -7.12 -340.97 -211.42 0.0
SWI 162.59 60.59 215.61 131.80 218.0 --
TPWC in mm 32.36 33.36 42.84 26.27 35.60 23.29
3. DWR Report Single echo in DWR Agartala was seen at 31/1901 UTC near Silchar.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at 0600 Broken multi layered clouds over Jammu & Kashmir (minimum CTT -40° C), Punjab (minimum CTT -34° C) & Himachal Pradesh (minimum CTT -40° C)
UTC of 02nd April over the STORM in association with Western Disturbance over the area. Scattered low/medium clouds over Uttarakhand, North Haryana, exterior North Rajasthan,
area Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, rest Southeast Assam, North Interior Karnataka, Kerala, North Rayalaseema, Central & coastal Andhra Pradesh, South
Tamil Nadu & Bay Islands. Broken low/medium clouds with embedded weak convection over Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh & exterior Northeast Assam.
5. Realized Significant weather Thunderstorms have been observed at a few places over Odisha and at isolated places over North Rajasthan, Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim,
ending at 0300 UTC of 02nd April coastal Odisha, Assam, Manipur and South interior Karnataka during 0830 hours IST of yesterday to 0530 hours IST of today.
6. NWP advisory · GFS model low level wind analysis of 0000 UTC of 31 March 2014 shows that a Western Disturbance now lies over Punjab and adjoining Pakistan.
· In association with the Western Disturbance, a west-east oriented low level heat trough extends from Punjab and adjoining Pakistan in the west
to Gangetic West Bengal in the east with vertical extent between 925 hPa and 850 hPa.
· Another northeast-southwest oriented trough in the lower levels is seen to extend from Gangetic West Bengal to coastal Karnataka in the west.
· A jet core lies is positioned over Bihar at 700 hPa.
· As the Western Disturbance moves eastwards, the first trough decays on 24 h forecast, while the second trough persists over the next 3 days.
· Under the effect of the two troughs, and the position of the jet core, scattered light rainfall and thunderstorms are expected over North-eastern
states and adjoining Bangladesh on day 1 and 2. The zone moves westwards and rainfall intensifies over Gangetic West Bengal on day 3.
Scattered light rainfall is also expected on day 1, over West Himalayas and adjoining plain regions including the subdivisions of Jammu and
Kashmir, Punjab and Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.
· WRF model forecasts scattered light rainfall over peninsular India along the northeast-southwest oriented trough extending from coastal Orissa
in the east to Lakshadweep islands. The rainfall is additionally of greater intensity over the north-eastern states for the same period.
7. WAC Advisory IOP for North-East India for next two days. No IOP for Southern Peninsula and East.
154
Accumulated 24 Hour rainfall recorded at 0300 UTC of 02nd April CAPE analysis dated 02nd April
155
th
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at •A fresh western disturbance as a trough in mid & upper tropospheric westerlies with its axis at 5.8 kms a.s.l. runs roughly along Long. 65° E to the north
0300 UTC of 04th April of Lat. 30° N. System would move eastnortheastwards. A trough of low at mean sea level lies over south Andaman Sea and neighbourhood. The trough
upto 0.9 km a.s.l. now extends from Comorin area to south interior Karnataka across Tamil Nadu and Kerala. A cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5
kms a.s.l. lies over Bangladesh and neighbourhood. A trough from the above cyclonic circulation extends upto north coastal Andhra Pradesh across
Gangetic West Bengal and Odisha. Another cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. lies over east central Arabian Sea off south Maharashtra–Goa
coasts.
00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 999.31 791.15 1140.52 247.86 3512.52 0.0
CINE J/Kg -388.54 -292.90 -18.67 -266.65 0.0 0.0
SWI 262.20 33.00 159.78 83.61 182.78 46.98
TPWC in mm 40.64 34.51 37.62 22.91 42.19 20.19
3. DWR Report Strong single cell echo seen in Kolkata Radar starting at 04/0835 UTC near Midnapore : Reflectivity >60dBz and d cloud ht >14 km. (Likely Hail/Severe
thunderstorm)
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at Broken multilayered clouds over J & K, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab in association with Western Disturbance over the area. Broken low/medium clouds
0600 UTC of 04th April over the over rest Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and scattered over Haryana and West UP. Broken low/medium clouds with embedded moderate to intense
STORM area convection over Arunachal Pradesh (minimum CTT -41°C), Assam (minimum CTT -33°C), Meghalaya (minimum CTT -25°C), Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram,
Tripura (minimum CTT -33°C), Central Gangetic West Bengal (minimum CTT -39°C). Broken low/medium clouds with embedded weak to moderate
convection over Sikkim, Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Nicobar Islands. Isolated medium/high clouds over North Rajasthan. Broken low/medium clouds
with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over Nicobar Islands. Scattered low/medium clouds over coastal Karnataka, Kerala and South
Tamil Nadu.
5. Realized Significant weather 02-04-14: Thunderstorm occurred at a few places over Uttarakhand and at isolated places over Haryana, West-Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, West
ending at 0300 UTC of 04th April Bengal, Assam & Meghalaya and Kerala.
03-04-14: Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over Kerala, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya and Tripura.
6. NWP advisory · A cyclonic circulation in the lower levels (upto 850 hPa) lies over Gangetic West Bengal and adjoining Bangladesh. It persists for the next 48 hours
(GFS model low level wind before moving slightly eastwards. A northeast-southwest oriented seasonal heat trough in the lower levels extends from the cyclonic circulation over
analysis of 0000 UTC of 04th Gangetic West Bengal to north coastal Karnataka. A fresh WD is approaching the Indian region. In association with the WD, a low level induced
April 2014) circulation is seen over extreme west Rajasthan and adjoining Pakistan. In association with the circulation, a north-west-southeast oriented heat
trough develops over Central India, extending from west Rajasthan to the other heat trough over Central India. The jet stream seen over north Bihar at
700 hPa yesterday has weakened. It is likely to strengthen on day 3 onwards over the same region. Associated with the first WD, isolated light rainfall
is expected during the next 24 hours over the Jammu and Kashmir subdivision. Associated with the second WD, isolated light rainfall is expected over
Jammu and Kashmir subdivision during the day 2. The rainfall is likely to increase in spread, and encompass the subdivisions of Punjab and Haryana,
Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir on day 3 onwards.
7. WAC Advisory · IOP is issued for NE and E India and Southern Peninsula for 6 and 7 April
156
Accumulated 24 Hour rainfall recorded at 0300 UTC of 04th April CAPE analysis dated 04th April
157
th
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at •Heat Wave conditions prevailed in some parts of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam & Meghalaya. The induced cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms
0300 UTC of 07th April a.s.l over south Pakistan and Neighbourhood now lies over west Rajasthan and adjoining areas of Punjab and Haryana. System would move
eastnortheastwards. The wind discontinuity at 0.9 km a.s.l from Vidarbha to Comorin area now extends from Vidarbha to south Konkan across
Marathwada and Madhya Maharashtra. The cyclonic circulation extending upto 2.1 kms a.s.l. over Bangladesh and adjoining areas of Sub-Himalayan
West Bengal & Sikkim now lies over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim and neighbourhood. The cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l over
Assam & Meghalaya and neighbourhood persists. An upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. lies over Lakshadweep-Maldives area.
00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 215.33 1776.75 927.61 29.00 1419.95 319.07
CINE J/Kg -519.34 -158.82 -74.56 -381.51 -273.39 -100.87
SWI 142.20 103.21 214.39 30.01 150.80 -
TPWC in mm 34.92 36.52 55.80 17.68 34.93 44.01
3. DWR Report Isolated single cell echo was seen in DWR Kolkata at 07/1051 UTC around 40 dbZ and Cloud height less than 10 Km.
Single strong echo was seen in DWR Vishakhapatnam (19.1° N, 83.5° E) at 07/0931 UTC exceeding 50dbZ and cloud Ht > 10 Km.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at Broken multilayered clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh(minimum CTT -37°C)
0600 UTC of 07th April over the Uttarakhand (minimum CTT -37°C) Punjab(minimum CTT -26°C), North Haryana (minimum CTT -25°C) and exterior Northwest Uttar Pradesh in
STORM area association with Western Disturbance over the area. Isolated Low/Medium clouds over rest Uttar Pradesh. Scattered low/medium clouds over with
embedded isolated weak convection over Sikkim, Northeast States. Scattered Low/Medium clouds over Northeast Bihar, Sub-Himalayan West Bengal,
North Gangetic West Bengal, Maharashtra, rest South Tamilnadu & isolated over Madhya Pradesh, Southeast Rajasthan & North coastal Andhra
Pradesh. Broken low/medium clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over Lakshadweep. Scattered Low/Medium clouds with
embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over Kerala & adjoining South Tamilnadu.
5. Realized Significant weather 05-04-14: Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over Mizoram, Tripura & Kerala.
ending at 0300 UTC of 07th April 06-04-14: Thunderstorm occurred at many places over J& K, at few places over Himachal Pradesh & at isolated places over Haryana, Punjab, West
Rajasthan Uttarakhand, Tripura & Mizoram.
6. NWP advisory · GFS model low level wind analysis of 0000 UTC of 07 April 2014 shows that the Western Disturbance (WD) has moved over the Indian region and
(GFS model low level wind the associated induced circulation now lies over Punjab and adjoining Pakistan.
analysis of 0000 UTC of 07th · A northwest-southeast oriented trough in the lower levels extends from the cyclonic circulation over Punjab to Gangetic West Bengal and adjoining
April 2014) Orissa in the east. It decays in the 24 hour forecast as the WD moves east-northeastwards. A cyclonic circulation in the lower levels lies over Sub
Himalayan West Bengal and adjoining North Bangladesh. A northeast-southwest oriented seasonal heat trough in the lower levels extends from
the cyclonic circulation over Jharkhand to north coastal Karnataka. Likely to persist over the next 2-3 days. The jet stream core is seen over Bihar
and adjoining West Bengal at 700 hPa. It is likely to weaken on day 2 onwards over the same region.
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for NE and East India for 8 and 9 April.
158
159
S.No. 09th April, 2014 STORM area of interest(Southern Peninsula, East and North-East India)
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at 0300 · The cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim and neighbourhood persists. The trough at 0.9
UTC of 09th April km a.s.l. now runs from the above cyclonic circulation to north Odisha across Gangetic West Bengal. A cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9
km a.s.l. lies over Chhattisgarh and neighbourhood. A trough from the above cyclonic circulation at 0.9 km a.s.l. extends to south Tamil Nadu
across Vidarbha, Telangana, Rayalaseema and south interior Karnataka. The cyclonic circulation over Assam & Meghalaya and neighbourhood
persists and extends upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. The upper air cyclonic circulation over southeast Arabian Sea and adjoining Lakshadweep area persists
between 1.5 & 3.1 kms a.s.l.
00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 1468.84 2428.78 1046.74 94.59 2982.66 414.49
CINE J/Kg -280.39 -246.90 -31.15 -318.22 -1.01 -67.72
SWI 195.01 55.38 217.78 138.41 310.38 -
TPWC in mm 43.34 38.11 47.39 33.13 48.89 45.86
3. DWR Report Multiple echoes location (150 to 160 North, 790 to 79.50 East) were seen in DWR Machilipatnam at 09/1031 UTC with > 55 dbZ and Cloud height
more than 10 Km. Multiple echoes location (180 to 190 North, 830 to 840 East) were seen in DWR Vishakhapatnam at 09/1001 UTC with > 50 dbZ
and Cloud height nearing 10 Km. Multiple echoes location between Agartala & Aizawl were seen in DWR Agartala at 09/1001 UTC with > 50 dbZ
and Cloud height > 10 Km.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at 0600 Scattered Low/Medium clouds over Jammu & Kashmir, north Himachal Pradesh, North Uttarakhand, Sikkim, rest Northeast states, Jharkhand,
UTC of 09th April over the STORM Odisha, West Gangetic West Bengal, Vidarbha, South Marathwada and over rest parts of the region. Scattered Low/Medium clouds with
area embedded moderate to intense convection over Manipur, South Nagaland, and North Mizoram. Broken Low/Medium clouds with embedded
isolated weak convection over south Chhattisgarh. Isolated over East Bihar, Sub-Himalayan West Bengal.
5. Realized Significant weather ending 07-04-14: Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over Assam, Tripura and Kerala. Hail storm occurred from 07/1810 to 07/1830 having
at 0300 UTC of 09th April diameter 3cm at Agartala.
08-04-14: Thunderstorm occurred at few places over Assam and at isolated places over Sub-Himalayan, West Bengal, Sikkim, Meghalaya,
Mizoram, Odisha and Kerala. Hail storm occurred at Barapani from 08/1020 to 08/1032.
6. NWP advisory · GFS model low level wind analysis of 0000 UTC of 09 April 2014 shows that the Western Disturbance (WD) has moved away eastwards.
(GFS model low level wind analysis of · A cyclonic circulation in the lower levels lies over Gangetic West Bengal upto 850 hPa.
0000 UTC of 09th April 2014) · A northeast-southwest oriented seasonal heat trough in the lower levels extends from the cyclonic circulation over Gangetic West Bengal to
central Karnataka. Likely to persist over the next 3 days.
· A fresh Western Disturbance approaches Indian region and now lies over Pakistan and adjoining west Rajasthan It is likely to affect the Indian
region from day 2 onwards. Under its effect, scattered moderate rainfall is expected from day 3 onwards over Jammu and Kashmir and
Himachal Pradesh.
· WRF model forecasts indicate similar rainfall over east India and northwest India.
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for Southern Peninsula, East and North-East India for 10th April.
160
161
S.No. 11th April, 2014 STORM area of interest(Southern Peninsula, East and North-East India)
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at 0300 · A cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. lies over eastern parts of Assam and adjoining Arunachal Pradesh. The cyclonic circulation
UTC of 11th April over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim and neighbourhood persists and extends upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. A cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5
kms a.s.l. lies over Chhattisgarh and neighbourhood. A trough at 0.9 km a.s.l. extends from the above system to south Tamil Nadu across
Vidarbha, Telangana and interior Karnataka.
00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 2142.84 1603.49 866.47 0.00 84.81 0.00
CINE J/Kg -199.89 -215.81 -97.81 0.00 -372.34 0.00
SWI 150.41 144.79 158.98 18.01 39.01 109.01
TPWC in mm 41.62 41.01 44.47 15.22 16.27 23.76
3. DWR Report Single cell echo near Balasore was seen in DWR Kolkata at 11/0922 UTC with > 55 dbZ and Cloud height more than 10 Km.
Single cell echo at isolated places were seen in DWR Vishakhapatnam at 11/1021 UTC with > 50 dbZ and Cloud height less than 10 Km.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at 0600 Broken multi layered clouds over West Jammu & Kashmir & Over Area between Lat 37.0N TO 46.0N Long 73.0E TO 83.0E IN association with
UTC of 11th April over the STORM Western Disturbance over the area. Scattered Low/Medium clouds with embedded isolated moderate to intensive convection over rest Jammu &
area Kashmir, Uttarakhand, adjoining Himachal Pradesh, isolated low/medium clouds rest Uttarakhand, rest Himachal Pradesh. Broken Low/Medium
clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh. Scattered Low/Medium clouds over southeast
Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram & isolated over South Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Gangetic West Bengal,
Kerala, North interior Karnataka, South-Telangana.
5. Realized Significant weather 09-04-14: Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over West Bengal & Odisha.
ending at 0300 UTC of 11th April 10-04-14: Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over West Bengal & Odisha.
6. NWP advisory · GFS model low level wind analysis of 0000 UTC of 11 April 2014 shows that a Western Disturbance (WD) is approaching the Indian region and
(GFS model low level wind analysis the induced circulation now lies over Pakistan and adjoining west Rajasthan. A northwest-southeast oriented trough at 925 hPa lies between
of 0000 UTC of 11th April 2014) east Rajasthan and Orissa coast. A northeast-southwest oriented seasonal heat trough in the lower levels, below 850 hPa extends from
Jharkhand to north coastal Karnataka. Likely to persist over the next 3 days. A cyclonic circulation in the lower levels lies over Central Bengal
and adjoining Bangladesh. Under the effect of the Western Disturbance, scattered light rainfall is expected over Jammu and Kashmir on day
1.The spread and intensity is likely to increase day 2 onwards and additionally affect Punjab and Haryana.
· WRF model forecasts indicate similar rainfall over east India and northwest India. However, the rainfall belt over south peninsular India is
more widespread on day 1. Likely to decay on day 2 onwards.
7. WAC Advisory No IOP issued for Southern Peninsula, East and North-East India for next 3 days.
162
163
th
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic • The induced cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over northeast Rajasthan and neighbourhood now lies over Haryana and adjoining west Uttar
Inference at 0300 Pradesh. System would move eastnortheastwards. A cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. lies over northwest Rajasthan and neighbourhood. A fresh
UTC of 14th April western disturbance as a trough in the westerlies extending upto mid tropospheric levels runs roughly along Long. 63° E to the north of Lat. 25° N. System would
move eastnortheastwards. The cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. over Assam & Meghalaya and neighbourhood persists. A cyclonic circulation
extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l lies over west Madhya Pradesh and adjoining east Rajasthan. The trough at 0.9 km a.s.l. extends from the above system to Comorin
area across Marathwada, interior Karnataka and interior Tamil Nadu.
00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 865.32 2445.64 1442.46 798.38 1293.48 --
CINE J/Kg -257.96 -68.37 -43.76 -285.71 -400.68 --
SWI 110.81 149.80 222.79 186.60 86.81 --
TPWC in mm 42.45 42.42 41.45 36.27 29.12 --
3. DWR Report Isolated echo was seen in DWR Kolkata at 14/0914 UTC with > 50 dbZ and Cloud height more than 10 Km.
Isolated echo was seen in DWR Hyderabad at 14/0932 UTC with > 50 dbZ and Cloud height more than 10 Km.
4. Satellite Imagery Broken multi layered clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, South Himachal Pradesh, South Uttarakhand,
analysis at 0600 UTC Haryana, and Utter Pradesh in association with Western Disturbance over the area. Scattered low/medium clouds over Rajasthan and North Madhya Pradesh and
of 14th April over the rest North India. Scattered low medium clouds with embedded isolated weak convection over Sikkim & Arunachal Pradesh. Isolated to scattered low/medium
STORM area clouds over South India and rest parts of East India.
5. Realized Significant 11-04-14: Thunderstorm occurred at a few places over Kerala and at isolated places over Andhra Pradesh, Gangetic West Bengal & Odisha. Thunder Squall
weather ending at occurred at Digha from 111814-111815hrs IST from South-westerly direction with max wind Speed of 55 Kmph. Hail Storm occurred at Balasore from 111620 to
0300 UTC of 14th 111625hrs IST with approximate diameter 0.4cm. 12-04-14: Thunderstorm occurred at a few places over Odisha, Kerala and at isolated places over Sub-
April Himalayan West Bengal, Sikkim, Gangetic West Bengal and Karnataka. Thunder Squall occurred at Digha from 121710-121713hrs IST from North-westerly
direction with maximum wind speed of 76 Kmph. 13-04-14: Thunderstorm occurred at a few places over Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Odisha & Uttarakhand and at
isolated places over Himachal Pradesh, Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim, Gangetic West Bengal, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan.
6. NWP advisory · GFS model low level wind analysis of 0000 UTC of 14 April 2014 shows that WD as an upper air trough in mid-tropospheric westerlies along 750E and north of
(GFS model low level 300N is moved away eastwards. The induced CYCIR over NE Rajasthan and neighbourhood now lies over Haryana & adjoining west UP and would move NE-wards
wind analysis of and become less marked during next 12 hours. A cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. lies over northwest Rajasthan and neighbourhood. An upper
0000 UTC of 14th upper air cyclonic circulation lies over west Madhya Pradesh and adjoining east Rajasthan extending upto 1.5 km above mean sea level and the trough extends
April 2014) from this system to comorin area across Marathawada, interior Karnataka and Interior Tamilnadu. It would shift eastwards during next 24 hours. The upper
air cyclonic circulation over Assam & neighbourhood extending up to 1.5 km above mean sea level persists. It may continue to persist during next 24 hours.
A fresh western disturbance as a trough in westerlies extends upto lower tropospheric level lies along longitude 63.0°E and north of 25.0°N..
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for East India and Southern Peninsula for 15th April.
164
165
S.No. 16th April, 2014 STORM area of interest (All India)

Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference · The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto 3.1 kms a.s.l. over northeast Afghanistan and adjoining Pakistan now lies
at 0300 UTC of 16th April over north Pakistan and neighbourhood with a trough aloft. System would move eastnortheastwards. An induced cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5
kms a.s.l. lies over central Pakistan and adjoining west Rajasthan. System would move eastnortheastwards.
· The cyclonic circulation over east Rajasthan and neighbourhood persists and now extends upto 0.9 km a.s.l. A wind discontinuity at 0.9 km a.s.l. extends
from east Rajasthan to south Tamil Nadu across west Madhya Pradesh, Madhya Maharashtra and interior Karnataka. The cyclonic circulation extending
upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. over Bangla Desh and neighbourhood persists. The trough in easterlies from Comorin area to south Konkan & Goa has become less
marked.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Thiruvananthapuram Hyderabad Kolkata Dibrugarh
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 0.0 2036.91 1553.43 922.49 2511.97 290.12 1166.15 21.54
CINE J/Kg 0.0 -215.56 -147.28 -388.21 -9.84 -206.05 -411.26 -307.48
SWI 44.99 200.39 129.00 138.61 197.78 - 166.98 178.41
TPWC in mm 18.24 44.15 38.25 28.71 46.48 29.04 34.22 36.46
3. DWR Report Isolated echo was seen in DWR Kolkata at 16/1053 UTC with > 50 dbZ and Cloud height more than 10 Km.
Isolated echoes were seen in DWR Machilipatnam and Visakhapatnam at 16/1111 UTC with > 50 dbZ and Cloud height more than 10 Km.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis Broken multi layered clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over Jammu and Kashmir (minimum CTT minus 42 deg C), Himachal Pradesh
at 0600 UTC of 16th April (minimum CTT minus 34 deg C), exterior North Punjab (minimum CTT minus 11 deg C), North East Rajasthan (minimum CTT minus 45 deg C), South
over the STORM area Haryana (minimum CTT minus 43 deg C) and Delhi (minimum CTT minus 44 deg C) West Uttar Pradesh (minimum CTT minus 49 deg C) in association with
western disturbance over the area. Broken low/medium clouds over Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Nagaland. Scattered low/medium clouds
over rest Rajasthan, North Madhya Pradesh, South India and rest parts of North India and East India.
5. Realized Significant 14-04-14: Thunderstorm occurred at few places over Kerala, at isolated places over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal and Sikkim, Gangetic West Bengal and
weather ending at 0300 Odisha. Hail Storm occurred at Gangtok from 14/1620 to 14/1622 hrs IST. 15-04-14: Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over Delhi, Kerala.
UTC of 16th April 16.04.14:- Thunderstorms has been observed over some parts of north Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh, Arunachal
Pradesh, Odisha , Madhya Maharashtra, Vidarbha, Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Kerala during last 24 hours.
6. NWP advisory The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation, now lies over N Pakistan and adjoining NE Afghanistan extending upto 3.1 km above mean
(GFS model low level wind sea level with a trough aloft at higher level. It would likely to move east-northeastwards during next 24 hours. An induced cyclonic circulation extending
analysis of 0000 UTC of upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. lies over C Pakistan and adjoining west Rajasthan, which is likely to move eastnortheastwards. The upper air cyclonic circulation over
16th April 2014) east Rajasthan and neighbourhood persists and now extends upto 0.9 km above mean sea level. A wind discontinuity at 0.9 km a.s.l. extends from east
Rajasthan to south Tamil Nadu across west MP, Madhya Maharashtra and interior Karnataka.
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for Northwest and East India on 17th and 18th April 2014.
166
167
S.No. 18th April, 2014 STORM area of interest(All India)

Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic The WD as an upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto 3.1 kms a.s.l. over north Pakistan and adjoining J & K persists with a trough aloft roughly along Long. 68°E to
Inference at 0300 the north of Lat 25°N. System would move eastnortheastwards. The induced low pressure area over C Pakistan and adjoining west Rajasthan has become less marked.
UTC of 18th April However, the associated cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. now lies over Cl Pakistan and adjoining W Rajasthan and Punjab. System would move
eastnortheastwards. The cyclonic circulation over central parts of Madhya Pradesh now lies over west Madhya Pradesh and neighbourhood and extends upto 1.5 kms
a.s.l. The wind discontinuity at 1.5 kms a.s.l. extends from above cyclonic circulation to south Tamil Nadu across interior Maharashtra and interior Karnataka. The
cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim and neighbourhood persists. The other cyclonic circulation over Assam &
Meghalaya now lies over Assam & Meghalaya and adjoining Nagaland-Manipur-Mizoram-Tripura and extends upto 0.9 km a.s.l.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Kolkata Dibrugarh
00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 840.62 2071.31 2194.55 231.64 390.80 931.58 0.0
CINE J/Kg -362.52 -146.92 -109.67 -448.16 -214.36 -395.91 0.0
SWI 226.18 261.21 81.77 387.53 256.24 249.78 134.40
TPWC in mm 27.04 43.97 37.86 36.40 37.48 41.74 28.43
3. DWR Report Isolated echo was seen in DWR Hyderabad at 18/0922 UTC with > 50 dbZ and Cloud height more than 10 Km.
Isolated echoes were seen in DWR Machilipatnam and Visakhapatnam at 18/0921 UTC with > 50 dbZ and Cloud height more than 10 Km.
4. Satellite Imagery Broken multi layered clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over J & K (minimum CTT minus 52 deg C), H P (minimum CTT minus 30 deg C), Punjab
analysis at 0630 (minimum CTT minus 52 deg C), Haryana (minimum CTT minus 43 deg C), West & Northeast Rajasthan (minimum CTT minus 46 deg C), Northwest UP (minimum CTT
UTC of 18th April minus 62 deg C), Uttarakhand (minimum CTT minus 63 deg C) and scattered low/medium clouds over Delhi in association with WDe over the area. Scattered
over the STORM low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak convection over rest UP, Maharashtra. Scattered low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate
area convection over S Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Arunachal Pradesh, Telangana, North interior Karnataka and N Coastal Andhra Pradesh. Isolated to scattered low/medium
clouds over rest parts of the East India. Scattered low/medium clouds over Kerala, Tamilnadu, rest Andhra Pradesh, rest parts of the west India and rest Karnataka.
5. Realized 17-04-14: Thunderstorms have been observed over some parts of J & K, HP, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, W Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, GWB,
Significant Sikkim, Assam & Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Madhya Maharashtra and Kerala during past 24 hours. Hailstorm/thundersquall have been observed at isolated parts
weather ending at of Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Assam & Meghalaya. Hailstorm occurred at Tadong from 17/1315 to 17/1317 IST. 18-04-14:-
0300 UTC of 18th Thunderstorms have been observed over some parts of Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana & Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya
April Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Sikkim, Assam & Meghalaya, Tripura, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Karnataka during past 24 hours. Thunder squall occurred at Delhi
Safdarjung from 18/0505 to 18/0507 hrs IST with max wind speed of 78Kmph and direction West south westerly.
6. NWP advisory GFS model low level wind analysis of 0000 UTC of 18 April 2014 shows that the WD as an upper air cyclonic circulation now lies over
(GFS model low J & K & neighbourhood extending upto 3.1 km above mean sea level with a trough aloft. The induced low pressure area now lies over W Rajasthan and neighbourhood
level wind analysis with associated cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 km above mean sea level. The upper air cyclonic circulation over central parts of Madhya Pradesh and
of 0000 UTC of neighbourhood extending upto 0.9 km above mean sea level persists. The wind discontinuity extending from above system to south Tamilnadu across interior
18th April 2014) Maharashtra and interior Karnataka at 0.9 km above mean sea level also persists. The upper air cyclonic circulation over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim and
neighbourhood extending up to 1.5 km above mean sea level persists.. The upper air cyclonic circulation over Assam & Meghalaya and neighbourhood extending
up to 1.5 km above mean sea level persists.
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for Central India, East India, North East India and Southern Peninsula for 19th April 2014.
168
169
st
S.No. 21 April, 2014 STORM area of interest(All India)
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at 0300 · The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto 3.1 kms a.s.l over north Pakistan and neighbourhood persists.
UTC of 21st April System would move Eastnortheastwards. The induced cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. over central Pakistan and neighbourhood
now lies over south Pakistan and adjoining west Rajasthan. System would move eastnortheastwards. The cyclonic circulation over south
Chhattisgarh and neighbourhood persists and now extends upto 0.9 kms a.s.l. The wind discontinuity at 0.9 km a.s.l. from above cyclonic
circulation to Comorin area across interior Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu persists. The cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over
Assam & Meghalaya and adjoining Nagaland-Manipur-Mizoram-Tripura persists.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Thiruvananthapuram Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Kolkata Guwa
00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 255.91 2591.89 2310.24 2233.05 124.18 3.36 510.57 0.00
CINE J/Kg -232.31 -21.50 -148.53 -194.09 -287.04 -385.62 -317.56 0.00
SWI 119.99 193.80 159.21 93.38 228.81 154.98 134.79 124.
TPWC in mm 23.22 50.35 43.30 33.16 35.92 29.51 37.36 23.6
3. DWR Report Significant echoes seen along East coast in DWR Machilipatnam, and Vishakhapatnam at 21/1021UTC with reflectivity of the order of 40-45 dBZ 8
and height more than 10 Km.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at 0630 Broken Multi/layered clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over Jammu and Kashmir exterior West Punjab. Scattered
UTC of 21st April over the STORM low/medium clouds over Himachal Pradesh rest Punjab, North Uttarakhand, West Gujarat, East Madhya Pradesh, East Vidarbha, rest
area Chhattisgarh, Arunachal Pradesh, North East states, North coastal Andhra Pradesh, North Kerala, and West Jharkhand and scattered
medium/high clouds over Haryana rest Uttarakhand, West Uttar Pradesh, adjoining East Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan and rest Madhya Pradesh.
Isolated places over Sikkim, rest coastal Andhra Pradesh
5. Realized Significant weather 18.04.14 Thunderstorm recorded at many places over North west India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan),
ending at 0300 UTC of 21st April Chhattisgarh, Gangetic West Bengal, Madhya Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. 19-04-14: Thunderstorms occurred at isolated places Himachal
Pradesh, Uttarakhand, East Rajasthan, East Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, North Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, North Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and
North Interior Karnataka & Kerala. Hail Storm : MO Gangtok: 1650 - 1652 hrs IST & MO Tadong: 1831- 1833 hrs IST (Diameter – less than
01cm). 20-04-14: Thunderstorms occurred at few places over Gujarat, Odisha & at isolated places over West Rajasthan, West Bengal, Madhya
Maharashtra and North Interior Karnataka. Hail Storm occurred at Mount Abu.
6. NWP advisory · Induced low level cyclonic circulation still persist and now lies over north Arabian sea with a trough extending from this circulation upto central
(GFS model low level wind Pakistan, The cyclonic circulation is likely to move away eastwards during next 24 hours .
analysis of 0000 UTC of 21st April · The Western disturbance as a trough is moving away eastwards.
2014) · Another Western Disturbance as an upper air system lies along 62 degree east.
170
Accumulated 24 Hour rainfall recorded at 0300 UTC of 21st April CAPE analysis dated 21st April
171
rd
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at 0300 •Heat wave conditions prevailed in some parts of Gangetic West Bengal and of Saurashtra & Kutch. The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic
UTC of 23rd April circulation over Jammu & Kashmir and neighbourhood is moving away northeastwards. The cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over
Assam & Meghalaya and adjoining Nagaland-Manipur-Mizoram-Tripura persists. The cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over south
Chhattisgarh and neighbourhood now lies over Odisha and adjoining south Chhattisgarh. The cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over
Comorin area and neighbourhood persists. The wind discontinuity at 0.9 km a.s.l. extends from the above cyclonic circulation to north Konkan across
interior Tamil Nadu, interior Karnataka and south Madhya Maharashtra.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Thiruvananthapura Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Kolkata Gu
00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 0.00 2058.72 200.63 671.38 35.44 0.00 1003.79 0.00
CINE J/Kg 0.00 -28.72 -432.05 -349.77 -456.72 0.00 -212.24 0.00
SWI 39.98 203.60 60.60 104.41 209.18 - 198.21 83.6
TPWC in mm 21.41 53.50 39.52 32.74 35.08 30.14 44.34 20.2
3. DWR Report Isolated echoes were seen in DWR Machilipatnam & DWR Vishakhapatnam at 23/1021 UTC with reflectivity more than 50 dBZ and height < 10 Km.0
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at 0630 Scattered Multi/layered clouds over Jammu & Kashmir and over area bet lat 37.0n to 45.0n long 77.0e to 101.0e in associated with Western
UTC of 23rd April over the STORM Disturbance over the area. Scattered low/medium clouds over South East Gangetic West Bengal, North Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Bihar, exterior East
area Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Himachal Pradesh Uttarakhand and isolated over West Haryana. Broken Low/Medium clouds with embedded
isolated weak to moderate convection over Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim. Scattered Low/Medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to
moderate convection over North Marathwada adjoining Madhya Maharashtra, North East Madhya Pradesh, Coastal South Karnataka, adjoining
North Karnataka, Tamilnadu, South Rayalaseema and isolated over Vidarbha, rest East Madhya Pradesh.
5. Realized Significant weather 21.04.14 Thunderstorm recorded at few places over Kerala & isolated places over West Rajasthan. 22-04-14: Thunderstorms occurred at few places
ending at 0300 UTC of 23rd April over Kerala and at isolated places over Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Konkan & Goa, Madhya Maharashtra and
Tamilnadu.
6. NWP advisory · An upper air cyclonic circulation lies in lower levels over Madhya Maharashtra.
(GFS model low level wind · Line of Wind discontinuity runs through the system to the Comorian area.
analysis of 0000 UTC of 23rd April · An upper air circulation in lower level is also observed over Jharkhand adjoining Chhattisgarh.
2014)
172
Accumulated 24 Hour rainfall recorded at 0300 UTC of 23rd April CAPE analysis dated 23rd April
173
S.No. 25th April, 2014 STORM area of interest(All India)

Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at 0300 ·Severe heat wave conditions prevailed in some parts of Assam.
UTC of 25th April ·Heat wave conditions prevailed in some parts of Gangetic West Bengal, Odisha and coastal areas of Gujarat.
·The western disturbance as a trough in westerlies upto mid tropospheric levels extends roughly along Long. 62º E to the north of Lat. 30º N. System
would move eastnortheastwards.
·The cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. over south Pakistan and adjoining west Rajasthan now lies over west Rajasthan.
·The cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over eastern parts of Assam and neighbourhood persists.
·The wind discontinuity at 0.9 km a.s.l. from Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim to Comorin area persists across Gangetic West Bengal, Odisha,
south Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Marathwada, interior Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Thiruvananthapuram Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Kolkata Dibrugarh
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 296.73 2069.58 30.49 1698.03 0.0 1500.92 2365.58 5.89
CINE J/Kg -1162.17 -59.38 -564.16 -261.42 0.0 -143.57 -292.16 -399.87
SWI 61.62 215.61 146.39 99.99 98.99 204.41 233.19 200.21
TPWC in mm 16.21 56.77 42.79 37.72 23.95 44.54 38.56 32.92
3. DWR Report Multiple echoes were seen in DWR Agartala at 25/1051 UTC with reflectivity more than 45 dBZ and height > 10 Km. Isolated strong echo was seen in
DWR Machilipatnam/DWR Vishakhapatnam at 25/1041 UTC in 100 Km Southwest of Vishakhapatnam with reflectivity more than 50 dBZ and height
>10 Km.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at 0600 Broken Multi/layered clouds over Northeast Arunachal Pradesh in associated with Western Disturbance over the area. Broken Multi/layered clouds
UTC of 25th April over the STORM over Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, North Uttarakhand and over area between LAT 37.0N TO 48.0N LONG 62.0E TO 80.0E in associated with
area Western Disturbance over the area. Scattered low/medium clouds over Haryana, rest Uttarakhand, Sub-Himalayan West Bengal, Sikkim, Meghalaya,
rest Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, and isolated over North parts of West Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, South Madhya
Maharashtra. Broken low/medium clouds with embedded moderate convection over North Manipur, adjoining Nagaland, and adjoining Assam.
Scattered low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over East Assam, South interior Karnataka, Kerala and West
Tamilnadu.
5. Realized Significant weather 23.04.14:-Thunderstorm occurred at Few places over Kerala and at isolated places over Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Madhya
ending at 0300 UTC of 25th April Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Telangana and Tamilnadu. 24-04-14: Thunderstorms occurred at isolated places over Punjab, Sub-Himalayan West Bengal,
Assam, North Interior Karnataka, Telangana and Kerala.
6. NWP advisory · The wind discontinuity in 925 hPa charts is observed from Gangetic west Bengal upto Comorian area through Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh Madhya
(GFS model low level wind Maharashtra and Interior Karnataka.
analysis of 0000 UTC 25th April · An upper air circulation in lower level charts is seen over Bihar and adjoining area and is persisting for next 2-3 days. An east west trough is seen
2014) through this system upto Assam.
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for Northwest India (Jammu & Kashmir) for 26th April. For East India, Northeast India & Southern Peninsula (Kerala) for 27th and 28th April.
174
175
SAARC STORM PROJECT NOC Bulletin No. 19 (28-04-2014)
th
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at 0300 · Heat wave conditions prevailed in some parts of Gangetic West Bengal.
UTC of 28th April · The cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. over eastern parts of Bihar and adjoining Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim now lies over
Gangetic West Bengal and neighbourhood.
· The cyclonic circulation over eastern parts of Assam and neighbourhood has become less marked. However, a trough in lower tropospheric levels
extends from east Assam to the above cyclonic circulation.
· A cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. lies over southeast Madhya Pradesh and neighbourhood.
· The wind discontinuity at 0.9 km a.s.l. extends from the above cyclonic circulation to north interior Karnataka across Marathwada.
· A trough extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. runs from Comorin area to south Konkan & Goa across interior Tamil Nadu and coastal Karnataka.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Lucknow Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Kolkata Guwahati Dibrugarh
No Ascent 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg - 0.00 1539.64 2391.20 15.45 57.01 3715.04 691.65 112.26
CINE J/Kg - 0.00 -398.44 -160.60 -411.74 -328.79 -255.87 -117.81 -136.31
SWI - - 169.59 123.01 72.80 - 520.15 461.56 193.78
TPWC in mm - 27.71 45.26 40.27 21.81 28.46 50.00 60.14 50.28
3. DWR Report Isolated echoes were seen in DWR Vishakhapatnam at 28/1000 UTC with reflectivity more than 45-50 dBZ and height >10 Km.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at 0600 Convective cell persists over coastal Karnataka (Minimum CTT -57 °C), exterior North Kerala (Minimum CTT -46° C) and Arabian Sea off Karnataka coast
UTC of 28th April over the STORM (Minimum CTT - 70° C). Scattered low/medium clouds with embedded weak to moderate convection over Arunachal Pradesh (Minimum CTT -37° C),
area rest North-eastern States. Broken low/medium clouds with embedded isolated moderate to intense convection over Tamil Nadu, adjoining Rayalaseema,
rest Kerala, rest Karnataka. Isolated low/medium clouds over rest part of the region except Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Sub-Himalayan West Bengal,
Jharkhand and Orissa.
5. Realized Significant weather 26.04.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at a few places over Jammu & Kashmir, West Bengal and at isolated places over Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura,
ending at 0300 UTC of 28th April Karnataka & Kerala. Hailstorm occurred at M. O. Gangtok from 26/1355 to 26/1402hrs IST. 27-04-14: Thunderstorm occurred at a few places over
West Bengal & Karnataka and at isolated places over Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura.
6. NWP advisory · The wind discontinuity at 925 hPa extends from north interior Karnataka across Marathwada in GFS and WRF models. In 48 hours it extends to north
(GFS model low level wind interior Karnataka across Telangana.
analysis of 0000 UTC 28th April · Another upper air cyclonic circulation lies over Gangetic West Bengal and adjoining Bangladesh & Sub-Himalayan West Bengal extends upto 850 hPa.
2014)
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for Northeast India for 29th and 30th April.
176
177
th
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference · The cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. over Gangetic West Bengal and neighbourhood now lies over Bangladesh and adjoining West Bengal.
at 0300 UTC of 30th April · The cyclonic circulation over east Assam and neighbourhood persists and now extends between 2.1 & 3.6 kms a.s.l.
· A cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. lies over north Madhya Pradesh and neighbourhood.
· The wind discontinuity at 0.9 km a.s.l. extends from the above cyclonic circulation to Comorin area across Madhya Maharashtra, Marathwada, interior
Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
· A feeble western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto mid tropospheric levels lies over north Pakistan and neighbourhood.
System would move eastnortheastwards.
· An induced cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. lies over central Pakistan and west Rajasthan. System would move eastnortheastwards.
· The cyclonic circulation over Marathwada and neighbourhood has become less marked.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Thiruvananthapura Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Kolkata Dibrugarh
00 m
00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg No Ascent -- -- -- -- -- -- --
CINE J/Kg -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
SWI -- 231.40 326.92 172.60 335.70 291.80 223.11 176.20
TPWC in mm -- 61.06 47.15 41.71 31.59 46.62 36.90 39.25
3. DWR Report Isolated echoes were seen in DWR Vishakhapatnam at 30/1040 UTC with reflectivity more than 45 dBZ and height >10 Km.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis Broken multi layered clouds over North Jammu & Kashmir over area between lat 37.0N to 40.0N long 66.5E to 82.0E in association with Western Disturbance
at 0600 UTC of 30th April over the area. Scattered low/medium clouds over rest Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, South Chhattisgarh,
over the STORM area Odisha, South Marathwada, South Madhya Maharashtra, Central Madhya Pradesh, Central Rajasthan and South Konkan & Goa. Broken low/medium clouds
with embedded moderate to intense convection over exterior south Kerala and isolated weak to moderate convection over rest part of the region.
5. Realized Significant 28.04.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at a few places over Assam and at isolated places over Meghalaya, Tripura, Odisha, Karnataka and Kerala. 29-04-14:
weather ending at 0300 Thunderstorm occurred at a few places over Odisha and at isolated places over Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram, Tripura, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Squall
UTC of 30th April recorded at Agartala from 29/1705 to 29/1706.
6. NWP advisory · The wind discontinuity at 925 hPa analysis extends from East U.P., east M.P., Vidarbha, Telangana, Rayalaseema in GFS and WRF models. In 24-48 hours it
(GFS model low level wind extends from Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Telangana to north interior Karnataka.
analysis of 0000 UTC 30th · Another upper air cyclonic circulation lies over Gangetic West Bengal and adjoining Bangladesh extends upto 925 hPa in GFS analysis and in 24-48 hours
April 2014) forecasts, it merged with the above wind discontinuity at 925 hPa.
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for Northeast India for 1st and 2nd May.
178
179
nd
S.No. 02 May, 2014 STORM area of interest(All India)
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic · The cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. over Bangladesh and adjoining West Bengal persists. The wind discontinuity at 0.9 km a.s.l. extends from
Inference at 0300 UTC Bihar to Comorin area across Chhattisgarh, Vidarbha, Marathwada, interior Karnataka and interior Tamilnadu. A cyclonic circulation between 2.1 & 4.5 kms a.s.l.
of 02nd May lies over south Rajasthan and adjoining Gujarat Region. A cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. lies over north Haryana and neighbourhood. The
feeble western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation over Jammu & Kashmir and neighbourhood is moving away northeastwards.
· The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto mid tropospheric levels over western parts of Afghanistan and neighbourhood
persists. System would move eastnortheastwards. A trough of low mean sea level lies over southwest Bay of Bengal.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Lucknow Thiruvananthapuram Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Kolkata Guwahati Dibrugarh
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 0.00 93.07 1531.57 283.05 2778.10 206.19 1711.37 1275.74 1289.98 316.93
CINE J/Kg 0.00 -1251.56 -39.36 -474.09 -86.62 -511.98 -266.22 -272.16 -71.84 -218.82
SWI 42.99 51.01 223.38 131.78 154.99 207.81 280.81 279.62 298.60 281.59
TPWC in mm 16.82 26.78 57.86 44.46 48.39 27.97 38.26 51.37 52.68 46.49
3. DWR Report Strong North-West extended squall line echo(Lat. 22.5° N to 23.5°N, Long 86.0°E to 87.0°E) was seen in DWR Kolkata at 02/1200 UTC with reflectivity more than
55 dBZ and height >10 Km. Isolated echoes were seen in DWR Vishakhapatnam, Delhi & Patna at 02/1200 UTC.
4. Satellite Imagery Broken multilayered clouds over Northwest Jammu & Kashmir and area bet lat 37.0° N to 43.0° N long 70.0° E to 90.0° E in association with Western
analysis at 0600 UTC of Disturbance over the area. Broken moderate to intense convective clouds persists over central parts of North Bihar (minimum CTT minus 55° C). Scattered
02nd May over the low/medium clouds over rest Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, South Haryana, and Central Uttar Pradesh. Broken low/medium clouds with
STORM area embedded moderate to intense convection over Arunachal Pradesh (minimum CTT minus 47° C), Northeast Assam (minimum CTT minus 42° C). Broken
low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over Sikkim, Sub-Himalayan West Bengal, rest North-eastern states. Scattered
low/medium clouds over Northwest Rajasthan, East Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, South coastal Andhra Pradesh, Rayalaseema, Kerala and Tamilnadu.
Scattered low/medium clouds wit h embedded isolated weak convection over North coastal Andhra Pradesh.
5. Realized Significant 30.04.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at a few places over Kerala and at isolated places over Jammu & Kashmir, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Chhattisgarh,
weather ending at 0300 Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamilnadu. 01-05-14: Thunderstorm occurred at a few places over West Bengal, Assam, Odisha & Karnataka and
UTC of 02nd May at isolated places over Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu and Kerala.
Hailstorm recorded at Gangtok from 01/1431 to 01/1434, 01/1454 to 01/1457 and Jharsuguda from 01/1918 to 01/1920.
6. NWP advisory · The upper air cyclonic circulation over central parts of Uttar Pradesh & neighbourhood extending upto 1.5 km above mean sea and the wind discontinuity
(GFS model low level runs from this system to Comorin area across Madhya Pradesh, Marathwada, interior Karnataka and Tamilnadu at 925 hPa analysis and in 24-48 hours
wind analysis of 0000 forecast it moved over Bihar and adjoining Area extending upto 850 hPa.
UTC 02nd May 2014) · The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation at 850 hPa over J&K and adjoining Pakistan will move away northeastwards during the 24-48
hours forecast.
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for Northwest India for 3rd May, NE and East India on 4th and 5th May.
180
Accumulated 24 Hour rainfall recorded at 0300 UTC of 2nd May CAPE analysis dated 2nd May
181
th
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic · The cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. over Bangladesh and adjoining Tripura now lies over Assam & Meghalaya and neighbourhood. The cyclonic
Inference at 0300 circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over central Uttar Pradesh and neighbourhood now lies over west Madhya Pradesh and neighbourhood. The wind discontinuity
UTC of 05th May at 0.9 km a.s.l. extends from the above cyclonic circulation to low pressure area across Marathwada, interior Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The western disturbance as an
upper air cyclonic circulation over north Pakistan and neighbourhood now lies over Jammu & Kashmir and adjoining north Pakistan and extends upto 4.5 kms a.s.l. with
a trough aloft. System would move eastnortheastwards. The induced cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over Haryana and neighbourhood persists.
System would move eastnortheastwards. A fresh western disturbance as a trough in mid & upper tropospheric westerlies with its axis at 5.8 kms a.s.l. runs roughly
along Long. 55° E to north of Lat. 25° N. System would move eastnortheastwards.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Lucknow Thiruvananthapuram Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Kolkata Dibrugarh
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 4464.40 0.0 918.75 605.37 1510.85 695.63 747.13 0.0 0.0
CINE J/Kg -337.19 0.0 -92.07 -287.63 -10.85 -363.32 -231.25 0.0 0.0
SWI 1026.18 - 218.20 159.19 248.39 202.60 226.81 137.00 162.79
TPWC in mm 25.28 41.03 60.04 45.49 68.10 32.62 37.00 33.30 44.50
3. DWR Report Isolated convective cells were seen in number of Radars (Patiala, Delhi, Jaipur, Hyderabad etc) on 05.05.2014.
4. Satellite Imagery Convective clouds over N Kerala, adjoining S Interior Karnataka (minimum CTT - 51° C), Tamilnadu coast, exterior East Manipur (minimum CTT - 45° C) and SE Tamilnadu
analysis at 0600 UTC (minimum CTT - 77° C). Scattered Multi layered clouds over J & K, H P, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Haryana, UP and exterior North MP in association with Western
of 05th May over Disturbance over the area. Scattered low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over J & K, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana,
the STORM area adjoining Punjab, N Rajasthan, UP, exterior North MP, Bihar, Jharkhand, GWB, Odisha, rest Tamilnadu, adjoining Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, S Interior Karnataka adjoining
Rayalaseema. Scattered low/medium clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over Sikkim, NE states. Scattered low/ medium clouds over rest
Rajasthan, adjoining Gujarat and isolated over rest M P. Broken low/med clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over South E Tamilnadu. Scattered
low/medium clouds over rest parts of the region.
5. Realized Significant 02.05.14: TS occurred at few places over Karnataka and at isolated places over J and K, Punjab, Haryana, GWB, Jharkhand, SHWBl & Sikkim and Andhra Pradesh. Thunder
weather ending at Squall recorded at Dumdum on 02/2025-2026 IST from NW direction with max. wind speed reaching to 48 Kmph. Thunder Squall also recorded at Chandigarh(IAF) from
0300 UTC of 05th NW direction with max wind speed reaching to 65 Kmph 03-05-14: TS occurred at a few places over W Rajasthan, GWB, Assam and at isolated places over J & K,
May Haryana, E Rajasthan, West UP, SHWB and Sikkim, Odisha, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Hailstorm recorded at
Barapani (Meghalaya) from 03/0745 to 03/0755 UTC with diameter approximately 1 Cm. Thunder Squall recorded at Safdarjung AP on 03/1824-1825 IST from W
direction with max. wind speed reaching to 44 Kmph and at Alipore from 03/1906 to 03/1907 IST from North West direction with Maximum wind speed reaching to 45
Kmph. Hail storm occurred at Sriniketan (Gangetic West Bengal) from 03/0935 to 03/0940 IST with diameter approximately 1.5 Cm. 04.05.14 : TS occurred at many
places over J & K, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, at few places over Gangetic West Bengal, Assam and at isolated places over Rajasthan, Uttar
Pradesh, MP, Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, Tamilnadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka. Hail Storm occurred at Chandigarh from 04/1916 to 04/1919 IST. Thunder
Squall occurred at Chandigarh (IAF) at 04/1910 IST from WNW direction with max. wind speed of 64.8 Kmph and at Alipore from 04/2015 to 04/2016 IST from North
West direction with Max. wind speed reaching to 45 Kmph.
6. NWP advisory (GFS IMD-GFS model analysis of 0000 UTC of 5th May 2014 shows the upper air cyclonic circulation over western parts of Uttar Pradesh & neighbourhood extending upto 1.5
low level wind km above mean sea level and the wind discontinuity runs from this system to cyclonic circulation over Comorin area across Madhya Pradesh, Marathwada, interior
analysis of 0000 UTC Karnataka and Tamilnadu at 925 hPa analysis. The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation at 850 hPa lies over Punjab, Haryana and adjoining areas.
05th May 2014)
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for Southern Peninsula (Kerala, Karnataka and Tamilnadu), East and North East India for 6th and 7th May.
182
Accumulated 24 Hour rainfall recorded at 0300 UTC of 5th May CAPE analysis dated 5th May
183
S.No. 07th May, 2014 STORM area of interest(All India)

Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic · The well marked low pressure area over Comorin area and neighbourhood now lies over south Kerala and neighbourhood. Associated cyclonic circulation extends
Inference at 0300 upto mid tropospheric levels. The cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. over northwest Madhya Pradesh and adjoining southwest Uttar Pradesh now
UTC of 07th May lies over northwest Madhya Pradesh. The wind discontinuity at 0.9 km a.s.l. extends from the above cyclonic circulation to the well marked low pressure area
across Marathwada and interior Karnataka. A north -south trough between 3.1 & 5.8 kms a.s.l. runs roughly along Long 91° E to the north of Lat. 25°N. The
western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto 4.5 kms a.s.l. over Jammu & Kashmir and neighbourhood persists. System would move
eastnortheastwards. The other western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto 5.8 kms a.s.l. over east Iran and adjoining Afghanistan
now lies over west Afghanistan and neighbourhood. System would move eastnortheastwards.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Lucknow Thiruvananthapuram Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Kolkata Dibrugarh
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 0.00 0.00 42.62 183.99 2580.75 374.36 234.02 1347.08 34.95
CINE J/Kg 0.00 0.00 -4.19 -253.72 -0.44 -260.09 -254.69 -216.81 -142.28
SWI 192.40 38.00 231.19 183.99 241.41 213.60 184.60 213.79 235.22
TPWC in mm 31.61 23.52 68.87 47.04 61.76 40.47 36.99 47.26 53.55
3. DWR Report Multiple echoes were seen in DWR Agartala at 07/1011UTC, in DWR Kolkata at 07/1014UTC, DWR Chennai at 07/1021 UTC and in DWR Vishakhapatnam 07/1021
UTC with height >10 Km and reflectivity >50 dBZ.
4. Satellite Imagery Scattered Medium layered clouds over exterior Northeast Jammu & Kashmir and over area bet lat 37.0° N to 42.0° N long 69.0° E to 82.5° E in association with
analysis at 0600 UTC Western disturbance over the area. Broken low/medium clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over Haryana, exterior South Punjab. Scattered
of 07th May over the low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over Northwest Uttar Pradesh, rest Jammu & Kashmir, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,
STORM area adjoining Bihar, Odisha, Northwest Gangetic West Bengal, Northeast Stares, West Madhya Pradesh, rest Kerala, rest Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Northwest
Rayalaseema. Scattered Low medium clouds over exterior Northeast Rajasthan, rest Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and rest Rayalaseema. Isolated low medium
clouds over rest Bihar, Gujarat.
5. Realized Significant 05.05.2014:- Thunderstorm occurred at few places over Karnataka and at isolated places over Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Wet Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha,
weather ending at Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Thunder squall was recorded at Delhi on 05/1552-05/1554 IST from Southerly direction with maximum
0300 UTC of 07th wind 84 Kmph. 06.05.2014:- Thunderstorm occurred at few places over Uttarakhand, Karnataka, and Kerala, Assam and at isolated places over Jammu and Kashmir,
May Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Bihar, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu and West Bengal. Thunder
squall was recorded at Ahmadabad on 06/1830-06/1835 IST from Southwest direction with maximum wind 68 Kmph. As per Media reports Hailstorm occurred at
Malda district (Sub-Himalayan West Bengal) and Bhirbhum district (Gangetic West Bengal).
6. NWP advisory · IMD-GFS model analysis of 0000 UTC of 7 May 2014 shows a north-south trough runs from west Madhya Pradesh to cyclonic circulation over south Tamil Nadu
(GFS model low level across Marathwada, west Karnataka, and Kerala, at 925 hPa and extending upto 1.5 km above mean sea level.
wind analysis of · 24h forecast shows that the cyclonic circulation over south Tamil Nadu moves north westwards and lies over southeast Arabian Sea off Kerala coast on 8 May
0000 UTC 07th May 2014. The wind discontinuity line runs from west Madhya Pradesh to cyclonic circulation.
2014)
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for Southern Peninsula and for Northeast India for 8th and 9th May.
184
185

Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic · The low pressure area over southeast Arabian Sea off north Kerala coast now lies over north interior Karnataka and neighbourhood. Associated cyclonic
Inference at 0300 circulation extends upto mid tropospheric levels. A trough extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. runs from the centre of the low pressure area to Lakshadweep area.
UTC of 09th May · The cyclonic circulation over central Parts of Madhya Pradesh persists and now extends upto 0.9 km a.s.l. The trough from the above cyclonic circulation to
Marathwada persists and now extends upto 0.9 km a.s.l.
· The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto mid tropospheric levels over east Afghanistan and adjoining north Pakistan now lies
over north Pakistan and neighbourhood. System would move eastnortheastwards. An induced cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. lies over central
Pakistan and west Rajasthan. System would move eastnortheastwards.
· A trough at mean sea level runs from Bihar to Assam extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. with an embedded cyclonic circulation over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal &
Sikkim.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Lucknow Thiruvananthapura Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Kolkata Dibrugarh Guwahati
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 1963.72 502.82 499.63 22.07 1460.53 77.27 546.62 2047.15 3.59 91.76
CINE J/Kg -165.87 -426.25 -23.42 -308.57 -45.39 -389.05 -8.14 -238.40 -371.12 -317.99
SWI 203.19 - 208.00 200.19 325.76 198.42 247.60 253.40 242.59 -
TPWC in mm 26.30 21.77 56.69 45.84 63.33 43.53 56.63 54.56 59.36 45.33
3. DWR Report Moderate Squall line seen in Machilipatnam DWR extending N-S 14.4 to 15.5° N and along 80 °E., Multiple echoes also seen in Agartala Chennai and Kolkata DWRs.
4. Satellite Imagery Scattered Multi layered clouds over Jammu & Kashmir North Himachal Pradesh, North Uttarakhand in association with Western disturbance over the area.
analysis at 0600 UTC Convective clouds over North Central Arunachal Pradesh (minimum CTT minus 70°C) persist. Scattered Medium layered clouds over clouds with embedded isolated
of 09th May over the weak to moderate convection over Southeast Uttar Pradesh, North Kerala and South interior Karnataka. Scattered Medium layered clouds over rest Himachal
STORM area Pradesh, rest Uttarakhand, Northeast Uttar Pradesh. Broken low/medium clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over South Chhattisgarh. Broken
low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over North Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar, Southwest Odisha, North Gangetic West
Bengal, Northeast States, East Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, rest Kerala.. Scattered Low medium clouds over West Madhya Pradesh.
5. Realized Significant 07.05.14:-Thunderstorm occurred at many places over Jammu and Kashmir, few places over Uttarakhand and at isolated places over West Bengal, Assam, Mizoram,
weather ending at Tripura, Bihar, Odisha, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Kerala. Hail storm occurred from 07/1500 to
0300 UTC of 09th 07/1503 having diameter 0.3 cm at Kokernag (Kashmir), MO Malda reported Hail storm on 07.05.2014 from 07/1438 to 07/ 1444 IST with approx. dia. 1.8 cm. MO
May Coochbehar reported Hail storm from 07/2035 – 07/2038 hrs IST. 08.05.14:- Thunder storm occurred at isolated places over Jammu and Kashmir, West Bengal, Assam,
Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Odisha, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, West Rajasthan, West Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka.
6. NWP advisory · IMD-GFS model analysis of 0000 UTC of 9 May 2014 shows low pressure area and associated cyclonic circulation lies over Karnataka and neighbourhood extending
(GFS model low level upto 4.5 km above mean sea level. A north-south trough runs from west Madhya Pradesh to cyclonic circulation over Karnataka across Marathwada at 925 hPa
wind analysis of and extending upto 1.5 km above mean sea level.
0000 UTC 09th May · 24h forecast shows that the cyclonic circulation over Karnataka weakens and the north-south trough moves eastwards and lies along longitude 80.0 deg. E.
2014) · 48h forecast shows that north-south trough moves further eastwards and lies along longitude 86.0 deg. E over Odisha and West Bengal.
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for Southern Peninsula, East India for 10 May and Northwest India for 12 May.
186
187

Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic · The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto mid tropospheric levels over Jammu & Kashmir and neighbourhood persists. System
Inference at 0300 UTC would move eastnortheastwards. The induced cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over northwest Rajasthan and neighbourhood now lies over
of 12th May Punjab and adjoining north Rajasthan. System would move eastnortheastwards. A cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. lies over west Uttar Pradesh
and adjoining Uttarakhand.
· The cyclonic circulation over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim now lies over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim and adjoining east Bihar and extends
upto 0.9 km a.s.l. The trough from the above cyclonic circulation to Odisha across Gangetic West Bengal now extends from above cyclonic circulation to
northwest Bay of Bengal across Gangetic West Bengal and extends upto 0.9 km a.s.l. The other trough upto 0.9 km a.s.l from south Chhattisgarh to Comorin
area across Telangana, Rayalaseema and interior Tamil Nadu persists.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Lucknow Thiruvananthapuram Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Kolkata Dibrugarh Guwahati
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 1612.59 0.00 3468.16 1926.45 4075.14 5.83 9.54 - 47.05 74.97
CINE J/Kg -163.78 0.00 -0.20 -286.35 -56.04 -372.42 -303.28 - -91.78 -264.11
SWI 414.59 - 219.61 185.79 212.39 141.20 124.99 - 326.08 200.19
TPWC in mm 32.65 17.82 57.55 44.34 60.52 28.06 24.70 - 47.51 62.67
3. DWR Report Multiple echoes were seen in DWR Delhi at 12/ 1042 UTC with height >10Km and reflectivity >45dBZ.
Isolated echoes were seen in DWR Visakhapatnam at 12/1131 UTC with height >10Km and reflectivity >50dBZ.
Single echo was seen in DWR Chennai at 12/1051 UTC with height >10Km and reflectivity >50dBZ.
4. Satellite Imagery Broken multi layered clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over Jammu and Kashmir (Minimum CTT minus 53 °C), Himachal Pradesh (Minimum
analysis at 0830 UTC CTT minus 56 °C), Uttarakhand (Minimum CTT minus 57 °C), Haryana, Delhi adjoining Uttar Pradesh (Minimum CTT minus 43 °C) and North Rajasthan (Minimum
of 12th May over the CTT minus 32 °C). Broken low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over Sikkim, East Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh. Scattered
STORM area low/medium clouds over rest West Uttar Pradesh, West Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and isolated over Gujarat, North Bihar, rest East Uttar Pradesh and rest
parts of the region. Scattered low medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over rest Rajasthan, East Madhya Pradesh, North coastal
Andhra Pradesh, Kerala adjoining Tamilnadu.
5. Realized Significant 10.05.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at many places over Jammu and Kashmir, few places over Punjab, Haryana, and West Rajasthan and at isolated places over
weather ending at Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Uttarakhand, East Rajasthan, West Uttar Pradesh Odisha, Gujarat, Haryana, Manipur, Tripura and Assam. Thunder squall reported at
0300 UTC of 12th May Safdarjung (Delhi) at 10/1658-1659 IST from Southerly direction with maximum wind reaching to 48 Kmph. 11.05.14 Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places
over Assam, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Punjab, Uttarakhand, East Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Kerala and Tamilnadu.
6. NWP advisory IMD-GFS model low level wind (850 hPa) analysis of 0000 UTC of 12 May 2014 shows a western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation
(GFS model low level over north Pakistan and adjoining Jammu & Kashmir and trough from this system in lower level extends southwards. Analysis also shows an upper
wind analysis of 0000 air cyclonic circulation over SubHimalayan West Bengal and adjoining Bihar. Model Analysis also shows a wind discontinuity line at low level (850 hPa) running
UTC 12th May 2014) from south Chhattisgarh to Comorin area across Telangana and interior Tamilnadu persists.
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for North West India for 13th May.
188
189

Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic · The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto mid tropospheric levels over Jammu & Kashmir and neighbourhood persists.
Inference at 0300 UTC System would move eastnortheastwards.
of 14th May · The induced cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over Haryana and neighbourhood now lies over Haryana and adjoining west Uttar Pradesh, and
Uttarakhand. System would move eastnortheastwards.
· The cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over Assam & Meghalaya persists.
· A cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. lies over north Rajasthan and neighbourhood.
· A cyclonic circulation at 1.5 kms a.s.l. lies over southwest Bay of Bengal and neighbourhood.
· The trough extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. runs from Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim to North Bay of Bengal across Gangetic West Bengal with an
embedded cyclonic circulation over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Lucknow Thiruvananthapura Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Kolkata Dibrugarh Guwahati
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 1174.45 0.0 2001.91 1391.65 2632.60 342.10 58.77 2733.35 72.47 8.58
CINE J/Kg -208.01 0.0 -22.63 -371.20 -227.88 -225.49 -343.62 -165.73 -70.93 -458.06
SWI 44.00 - 181.40 143.99 114.57 203.20 121.39 298.42 389.30 263.42
TPWC in mm 21.92 37.92 54.82 41.95 48.73 32.62 27.44 54.85 56.51 51.24
3. DWR Report Isolated multiple echoes were seen in DWR Agartala at 14/1141 UTC and in DWR Kolkata at 14/1145 UTC with height >10 Km and reflectivity >50dBZ.
4. Satellite Imagery Scattered multi layered clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate over Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and adjoining Delhi,
analysis at 0600 UTC of Northwest Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and North East Rajasthan. Isolated to scattered low/medium clouds over rest part of the region except Karnataka,
14th May over the Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, North Jharkhand, Odisha, North Gangetic West Bengal, West Assam and Tripura.
STORM area
5. Realized Significant 12.05.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, West Uttar Pradesh, Tamilnadu,
weather ending at 0300 Kerala, Assam and Meghalaya. 13.05.14 Thunderstorm occurred at Few places over Jammu and Kashmir and at isolated places over Himachal Pradesh,
UTC of 14th May Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, Arunachal
Pradesh, Manipur, Tripura, Odisha, Saurashtra and Gujarat. Thunder squall occurred at Ahmadabad at 13/2005-2015 IST with maximum wind speed reaching
6. NWP advisory to 48 Kmph.
IMD-GFS model analysis of 0000 UTC of 14 May 2014 shows western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto mid tropospheric levels
(GFS model low level over Jammu & Kashmir and neighbourhood. Analysis also shows an upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over Assam & Meghalaya and a
wind analysis of 0000 trough runs from Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim to North Bay of Bengal across Gangetic West Bengal.
UTC 14th May 2014)
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for Northwest India for 15th and 16th May.
190
191

Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference · Severe heat wave conditions prevailed in some parts of Odisha. Heat wave conditions prevailed in some parts of coastal Andhra Pradesh and remaining parts
at 0300 UTC of 16th May of Odisha.
· Under the influence of yesterday’s trough extending from north Andaman Sea to southwest Bay of Bengal an upper air cyclonic circulation likely to form over
Andaman Sea during the next 24 hours.
· The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto mid tropospheric levels over west Afghanistan and adjoining east Iran now lies
over Afghanistan and adjoining Pakistan.
· The cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. over Assam & Meghalaya persists.
· The trough extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. from south Chhattisgarh to Rayalaseema persists.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Lucknow Thiruvananthapuram Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Kolkata Dibrugarh Guwahati
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 198.32 80.20 0.0 1393.52 2300 49.87 152.37 309.28 0.84 42.10
CINE J/Kg -315.01 -314.80 0.0 -338.56 -185.30 -295.87 -251.59 -352.64 -228.72 -263.67
SWI 206.62 - 56.40 134.41 176.60 131.79 141.21 30.01 196.02 185.00
TPWC in mm 27.43 18.65 31.40 41.92 45.12 30.75 30.33 21.13 43.51 31.64
3. DWR Report 2-3 Clusters of isolated thunderstorm echoes were seen in DWR Vishakhapatnam at 16/1030 UTC with Reflectivity > 50 dBZ and Ht>10 Km
4. Satellite Imagery analysis Scattered low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak convection over exterior Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, East Assam, Manipur and Mizoram. Isolated to
at 0600 UTC of 16th May scattered low/medium clouds over rest parts of the country except Bihar and Gangetic West Bengal.
over the STORM area
5. Realized Significant 14.05.14:-. Thunderstorm occurred at Few places over Jammu and Kashmir, West Rajasthan and at isolated places over Uttarakhand, Vidarbha, Madhya
weather ending at 0300 Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Tripura and Andhra Pradesh. Hail storm reported at Banihal (Jammu and Kashmir) on 14/1520-1530 IST and
UTC of 16th May 14/1545-1550 IST with diameter of 0.5 Cm, at Pahalgam on 14/1600-1630 IST with diameter of 0.2 Cm, at Gangtok (Sikkim) on 14/1540 – 1543 IST and 14/1550
– 1552 IST and in Nal (Haryana) at 14/1350-1400. Thunder squall occurred at North Lakhimpur (Assam) at 14/1445-1450 IST. 15.05.14 Thunderstorm occurred
at isolated places over Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Assam, Gujarat, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Gangetic West Bengal,
Odisha, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Andhra Pradesh and Vidarbha. Hailstorm occurred at Shajapur (Madhya Pradesh) in the evening of 15th May.
6. NWP advisory · GFS model analysis of 0000 UTC of 16 May 2014 shows that an upper-air North-South trough existed over Assam and Meghalaya. An upper-air cyclonic
(GFS model low level wind circulation persisting over Andaman Sea extends up to 700 hPa. A trough extends from south Chhattisgarh to Rayalaseema across interior Telangana at 925
analysis of 0000 UTC 16th hPa pressure level. Prominent upper-air (at 200 hPa) westerly flow is visible north of 20°N. Ridge line is persisting around 15°N latitude.
May 2014)
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for Southern Peninsula on 19th May.
192
193

(Reference source)
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference · Heat wave conditions prevailed in some parts of Gangetic West Bengal and of Bihar.
at 0300 UTC of 19th May · An upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto 4.5 kms a.s.l. lies over Andaman Sea and adjoining central Bay of Bengal. The western disturbance as an
upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto mid tropospheric levels over north Pakistan and adjoining Jammu & Kashmir persists.
· The induced cyclonic circulation over central Pakistan and adjoining west Rajasthan now lies over Punjab and neighbourhood extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l.
· A fresh western disturbance as a trough in mid and upper tropospheric westerlies with its axis at 5.8 kms a.s.l. runs roughly along Longitude 60 Deg. East
to the north of Lat. 25 Deg. North. The cyclonic circulation over Assam & Meghalaya persists and extends upto 1.5 kms a.s.l.
· An upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. lies over Vidarbha and neighbourhood.
· The trough upto 0.9 km a.s.l. now extends from above cyclonic circulation to Comorin area across Telangana, interior Karnataka and Kerala.
· A trough at 0.9 km a.s.l. extends from Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim to Odisha with an embedded cyclonic circulation over Odisha.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Lucknow Thiruvananthapuram Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Dibrugarh
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 0.0 0.0 1367.15 2477.52 2480.50 642.00 467.28 171.04
CINE J/Kg 0.0 0.0 -10.92 -134.43 -158.85 -193.09 -227.40 -59.95
SWI 69.0 - 198.38 214.60 152.41 170.0 255.38 197.19
TPWC in mm 13.34 22.85 49.91 53.54 48.27 40.74 42.13 53.64
3. DWR Report Strong echo was seen in DWR Machilipatnam at 19/1030UTC with height >10 Km and reflectivity >50 dBZ.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis Broken multi layered clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttrakhand in association
at 0600 UTC of 19th May with Western Disturbance over the area. Broken Low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over Sikkim, Arunachal
over the STORM area Pradesh, Rest Assam, Nagaland, Manipur rest Meghalaya. Scattered low/medium clouds over rest parts of the country except Punjab, Haryana, Chhattisgarh
and Bihar.
5. Realized Significant 16.05.14:-. Thunder storm occurred at isolated places over Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Hailstorm reported at Pune
weather ending at 0300 and Shajapur (Madhya Pradesh) in 16/1730 IST surface observation. 17.05.14:- Thunder storm occurred at isolated places over Jammu and Kashmir, Gujarat,
UTC of 19th May Maharashtra, Gujarat, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, and Karnataka. 18.05.14:- Thunder storm occurred at isolated places over Jammu and
Kashmir, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Odisha and Chhattisgarh.
6. NWP advisory · GFS model wind analysis of 00 UTC of 19 May 2014 shows that an upper-air cyclonic circulation over Punjab and west Rajasthan due to the induced effect
(GFS model low level wind of the trough in upper-air westerly. The forecasts show that the cyclonic circulation moves eastward in next 24 hours.
analysis of 0000UTC of · The upper-air cyclonic circulation over central Bay of Bengal in the GFS analysis extends up to 500 hPa. In the forecast charts, the cyclonic circulation
19th May 2014) persists and moves north-north-eastward further in next 2-3 days.
7. WAC Advisory · GFS
IOP issued foranalysis shows
Peninsular a cyclonic
India (Southcirculation extending Coastal
Interior Karnataka, up to 850 hPa over Coastal
Karnataka, SHWB and adjoining
Andhra area which
Pradesh), West persists for nextMaharashtra),
India (Madhya two days in theCentral
forecasts.
India
(Chhattisgarh), East India (Odisha) and North East India (Assam and Meghalaya) for 20 and 21 May.
194
195
S.No. 21st May, 2014 STORM area of interest (All India)

Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at · The low pressure area over east central Bay of Bengal and neighbourhood concentrated into a Depression over east central Bay of Bengal and lay
0300 UTC of 21st May centred at 0830 hours IST of today, the 21st May 2014 near Lat. 15.5 ° N and Long. 90.5 ° E. The western disturbance as an upper air trough now lies as
upper air cyclonic circulation over Jammu & Kashmir and extends upto 3.1 kms a.s.l. with a trough aloft. System would move eastnortheastwards. The
upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim and neighbourhood persists. A trough at 0.9 km
a.s.l. from the above system extends to the centre of depression across north Bay of Bengal.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Thiruvananthapuram Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Dibrugarh
00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg - - - - - -
CINE J/Kg - - - - - -
SWI 252.59 181.00 197.80 222.20 182.20 353.09
TPWC in mm 50.12 42.58 48.53 44.12 40.17 58.28
3. DWR Report Isolated echoes were seen in DWR Chennai at 21/1030 UTC, DWR Machilipatnam at 21/1031 UTC and in DWR Visakhapatnam at 21/1026 UTC with height
>10 Km and reflectivity >45 dBZ.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at Scattered multi layered clouds over East Jammu and Kashmir in association with Western Disturbance over the area. Scattered low/medium clouds over
0600 UTC of 21st May over Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, North Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, Sub-Himalayan West Bengal, Northeast States, East Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh
the STORM area and Maharashtra. Broken low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak convection over Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, East Assam, Nagaland,
Telangana, Coastal and Karnataka.
5. Realized Significant 19.05.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Maharashtra, Kerala, North Interior Karnataka, Coastal Karnataka,
weather ending at 0300 UTC Telangana, Coastal Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Konkan and Goa. Hailstorm of diameter 0.2 Cm reported at Pahalgam (J & K) at 19/1410-1414 IST and
of 21st May in Kokernag (Jammu and Kashmir) at 19/1725-1727 IST. 20.05.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at few places over Jammu and Kashmir and at isolated places
Punjab, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Sub-Himalayan West Bengal, Assam, Konkan and Goa, Coastal Karnataka, North Interior Karnataka & Kerala. Hailstorm of
diameter 0.1 Cm reported by Batote (J & K) at 20/1234-1237 & 20/1303-1310 IST.
6. NWP advisory · GFS model wind analysis of 00 UTC of 21 May 2014 shows a low pressure system over central Bay of Bengal and associated upper-air cyclonic circulation
(GFS model low level wind extend up to 500 hPa. The forecasts of the model show the low pressure persists and intensify further with a north-northeast ward movement in next 2-
analysis of 0000UTC of 21st 3 days. GFS analysis shows a cyclonic circulation extending up to 850 hPa over SHWB and adjoining area. The cyclonic circulation persists over the area
May 2014) for next two days in the forecasts. In the analysis, an upper-air trough at 925 hPa is seen over Chhattisgarh and adjoining Madhya Pradesh. This trough
orients in north-south direction from east Uttar Pradesh to coastal Andhra Pradesh in next 48 hours with a cyclonic circulation over coastal AP and
adjoin area in day 3. Prominent upper-air (at 200 hPa) westerly flow is visible north of 20o N. The ridge line is persisting north of 15oN latitude orienting
in northeast-southwest direction over Peninsular India.
· WRF model forecasts indicate similar wind flow pattern over east and north-east India. The seasonal trough (wind discontinuity) is shown from
Jharkhand to Rayalaseema up to 850 hPa pressure level. The low pressure system over east central Bay of Bengal intensifies into a depression in 48
hours with a north-north-eastward movement. Associated cyclonic circulation extends up to 500 hPa. The low pressure system is likely to move towards
Myanmar coast in day 3.
7. WAC Advisory No IOP issued for 22 and 23 May.
196
Accumulated 24 Hour rainfall recorded at 0300 UTC of 21st May CAPE analysis dated 21st May
197
S.No. 23rd May, 2014 STORM area of interest(All India)

Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference · Heat wave conditions prevailed in some parts of Gangetic West Bengal, Odisha, Bihar, Vidarbha and off coastal Andhra Pradesh.
at 0300 UTC of 23rd May · The Depression over east central Bay of Bengal weakened into a well marked low pressure area over central Bay of Bengal at 0300 UTC of today, the 23rd
May 2014.
· An induced cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. lies over Haryana and neighbourhood. The upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km
a.s.l over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim and neighbourhood persists. A cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. lies over Nagaland-Manipur-
Mizoram-Tripura and adjoining northeast Assam & Meghalaya. A cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. lies over south Chhattisgarh and
adjoining Odisha.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Lucknow Thiruvananthapuram Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Dibrugarh Guwahati
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 5.19 3016.44 1794.74 849.00 3536.45 0.84 32.14 27.99 0.0
CINE J/Kg -511.59 -291.24 -17.34 -446.45 -155.65 -403.44 -367.94 -272.65 -226.34
SWI 62.99 - 225.81 160.41 388.21 96.58 150.40 165.40 206.60
TPWC in mm 22.99 46.27 51.01 43.01 70.49 23.82 27.59 40.98 51.03
3. DWR Report Multiple echoes were seen in DWR Delhi at 23/1052 UTC with height >10 Km and reflectivity >50 dBZ. Isolated echoes were seen in DWR Visakhapatnam at
23/1051 UTC.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis Broken low/medium clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over exterior South Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, North Punjab,
at 0600 UTC of 23rd May (Minimum CTT minus 49 0C). Scattered low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over Uttarakhand. Scattered low/medium
over the STORM area clouds over rest Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana, Northwest Uttar Pradesh, Northeast Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
5. Realized Significant 21.05.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at few places over Karnataka and at isolated places over Jammu and Kashmir, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and
weather ending at 0300 Kerala. 22.05.14:- Thunder occurred at isolated places over Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Assam, Odisha, Coastal Andhra Pradesh and
UTC of 23rd May Kerala. Thunder squall occurred at Visakhapatnam from Northeast direction during 22/1824-1826 IST with maximum wind speed reaching 62 Knots.
6. NWP advisory · GFS model wind analysis of 00 UTC of 23 May 2014 shows a low pressure system over central Bay of Bengal and associated upper-air cyclonic circulation
(GFS model low level extend up to 500 hPa with a southward tilt. The forecasts of the model show the low pressure system persists for 24 hours which weakens further with a
wind analysis of 0000 west-north-westward movement in day 2 and approaches Orissa coast in day 3. GFS forecasts for next 3 days show a cyclonic circulation persists over east
UTC 23rd May 2014) Madhya Pradesh and adjoining Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh extending up to 850 hPa. A shallow upper-air cyclonic circulation over west Rajasthan and
adjoining Pakistan extending up to 850 hPa is seen in GFS analysis and forecasts which shifts southward with time. Prominent upper-air (at 200 hPa)
westerly wind is visible north of 25oN over Northern India. The ridge line is persisting south of 20oN latitude orienting in northeast-southwest direction
along east coast of India.
· In WRF model weather charts, the low pressure system over east central Bay of Bengal shows intensification and move north-westward to approach head
Bay region in 72 hours. Associated cyclonic circulation extends up to 500 hPa. WRF model forecasts indicate a shallow cyclonic circulation over west
Rajasthan and adjoining Pakistan similar to GFS model. The seasonal trough (wind discontinuity) is shown from Jharkhand to Rayalaseema up to 850 hPa
pressure level.
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for Northwest on 24, 25 and 26 May, Northeast and East India for 25 and 26 May.
198
Accumulated 24 Hour rainfall recorded at 0300 UTC of 23rd May CAPE analysis dated 23rd May
199

Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic · The well marked low pressure area over west central and adjoining northwest Bay of Bengal off South Odisha and North Andhra Pradesh coasts now lies over South coastal
Inference at 0300 Odisha and neighbourhood. Associated cyclonic circulation extends upto mid tropospheric levels. The trough at 0.9 km a.s.l. now runs from the cyclonic circulation associated
th
UTC of 26 May with the above well marked low pressure area to south interior Karnataka across interior Andhra Pradesh. The induced cyclonic circulation over west Uttar Pradesh and
adjoining Haryana now lies over Haryana and neighbourhood and extends upto 2.1 kms a.s.l. A cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. lies over southwest Rajasthan
and neighbourhood. The Western Disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation extending upto 3.1 kms a.s.l. over central Pakistan and neighbourhood now lies over north
Pakistan and neighbourhood. System would move eastnortheastwards.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Lucknow Thiruvananthapuram Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Dibrugarh
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 13.04 0.0 2085.54 18.06 1618.57 84.16 0.0 797.66
CINE J/Kg -607.14 0.0 -32.19 -118.07 -191.96 -518.13 0.0 -46.61
SWI 184.99 155.78 221.81 208.82 228.99 175.39 - 220.01
TPWC in mm 30.06 41.14 56.63 52.67 51.87 38.78 30.82 60.10
3. DWR Report Isolated echoes were seen in DWR Chennai at 26/1020 UTC & DWR Jaipur at 26/1000 UTC with height nearly 10 Km & reflectivity > 50 dBZ.
4. Satellite Imagery Broken low/medium clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over Odisha, Chhattisgarh Jharkhand and North Coastal Andhra Pradesh. (Minimum CTT minus 59.0
0 0
analysis at 0600 C) in association with low level circulation over the area. Convective cell persists over Gangetic West Bengal (minimum CTT minus 77 C). Central parts of Coastal Andhra
th 0
UTC of 26 May Pradesh (minimum CTT minus 54 C). Broken low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak convection over East Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand. Scattered low/medium
over the STORM clouds over Jammu and Kashmir. Scattered low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. Isolated
area low/medium clouds over rest Rajasthan, rest Madhya Pradesh. Broken low/medium clouds with embedded isolated moderate to intense convection over rest eastern part of
India except scattered low/medium clouds over Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura and Southern parts of India.
5. Realized Significant 23.05.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over J & K , Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Kerala and
weather ending at Karnataka. Hailstorm of diameter 1.5 Cm reported at Batote (Jammu and Kashmir) on 23/2003-2006 IST and of diameter 0.4 Cm reported at Churu (Rajasthan) on 23/1535-
0300 UTC of 26th 1540 IST. 24.05.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, Bihar, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha,
May Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Mizoram, Tripura, Tamilnadu, Kerala and Karnataka. Hailstorm of diameter 1.0 Cm occurred at Delhi on 24/1903-1913 IST. 25.05.14:- Thunder storm
occurred at isolated places Odisha, West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Tripura, Meghalaya, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, J & K, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar
Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Kerala. Thunder squall occurred at Safdarjung (Delhi) on 25/2025-2027 IST from Northerly direction with
maximum wind speed 60 Kmph.
6. NWP advisory · GFS model wind analysis of 00 UTC of 26 May 2014 shows a well marked low over northwest Bay of Bengal and adjoining north Andhra Pradesh and south Orissa. The
(GFS model low associated upper-air cyclonic circulation extends up to 500 hPa. The forecasts of the model show the low pressure system persists for 3 days with gradual weakening and
level wind analysis north-north-eastward movement over GWB in day 2 and over SHWB in day 3. Another shallow cyclonic circulation over Telangana extending up to 850 hPa is seen in GFS
th
of 0000 UTC 26 analysis. In forecasts, the cyclonic circulation moves north-north-westward over Marathwada in day 1 and over Vidarbha and adjoining area in day 2. GFS analysis shows a
o
May 2014) trough in upper tropospheric (at 200 hPa) westerly wind along 72 E longitude over Pakistan and Afghanistan which moves eastward over North India in 24 hours. The ridge line
is persisting south of the trough around 20oN latitude over India.
· In WRF model weather charts, the low over south Orissa and adjoining Bay of Bengal shows north-eastward movement over GWB in day 2 and over Bangladesh in 72 hours.
Associated cyclonic circulation extends up to 500 hPa. WRF model analysis indicates a weak cyclonic circulation over Telangana and adjoining area similar to GFS model. The
cyclonic circulation persists for 72 hours with north-westward movement over Vidarbha and Madhya Pradesh. As the low pressure system moves over Bangladesh, the
seasonal wind discontinuity appears in day 3 from SHWB and Bihar to Vidarbha region across Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for East India (Sikkim), Northeast India (Assam & Meghalaya) and Southern Peninsula (Tamilnadu & Karnataka) on 27 & 28 May.
200
201
th
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic · Heat wave conditions prevailed in some parts of west Rajasthan and of Saurashtra & Kutch.
Inference at 0300 UTC · The low pressure area lies over eastern parts of Bihar and neighbourhood. Associated cyclonic circulation extends upto 4.5 kms a.s.l.
of 28th May · A cyclonic circulation upto 0.9 km a.s.l. lies over south Chhattisgarh and neighbourhood.
· The trough at 0.9 km a.s.l. now extends from the above cyclonic circulation to south Tamil Nadu across Telangana and interior Karnataka.
· The cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. lies over east Rajasthan and neighbourhood.
· The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation over Jammu & Kashmir and neighbourhood is moving away northeastwards.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Thiruvananthapuram Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Guwahati Dibrugarh
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 506.55 1984.30 1846.63 2201.38 73.84 230.71 1245.29 107.38
CINE J/Kg -307.41 -36.13 -87.24 -90.30 -422.54 -320.44 -0.72 -41.29
SWI 129.39 173.21 210.01 300.99 99.41 197.68 - 297.92
TPWC in mm 27.15 59.03 50.57 65.79 25.21 32.62 62.06 49.40
3. DWR Report Squall line moving across Tripura was seen in DWR Agartala 28/1011 UTC with height >10 Km and Reflectivity >45 dBZ. Isolated Echoes were seen in DWR
Chennai at 28/0952 UTC, in DWR Machilipatnam at 28/1041 UTC and in DWR Visakhapatnam at 28/1036 UTC with height >10 Km and reflectivity >50dBZ.
4. Satellite Imagery Scattered Low/Medium clouds over Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh North Uttarakhand, East Uttar Pradesh. Broken Low/Medium clouds with embedded
analysis at 0600 UTC moderate to intense convection over Northeast Bihar, Sub-Himalayan West Bengal, Sikkim, West Assam, Meghalaya, and Tripura. Broken Low/Medium clouds
of 28th May over the with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over Arunachal Pradesh. Scattered low/medium clouds over rest parts of the Eastern India and southern
STORM area India except Andhra Pradesh. Isolated low/medium clouds over rest parts of Western India
5. Realized Significant 26.05.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over Jammu and Kashmir, Delhi, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Assam, West Bengal, Tripura, Meghalaya, Bihar,
weather ending at Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Maharashtra. 27.05.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over Jammu and Kashmir,
0300 UTC of 28th May West Bengal, Assam, Odisha, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Tamilnadu, Bihar and
Gujarat.
6. NWP advisory · GFS model wind analysis of 00 UTC of 28 May 2014 shows a well marked low over Bihar. The associated upper-air cyclonic circulation extends up to 500 hPa.
(GFS model low level The forecasts of the model show the low pressure system persists for 24 hours with gradual weakening and north-north-eastward movement over GWB on day
wind analysis of 0000 2. A trough is seen in the lower levels extending along the west coast of India from coastal Karnataka to Kerala. A fresh western disturbance approaches Indian
UTC 28th May 2014) region and is likely to affect the Indian region from day 2 onwards. The ridge line is persisting around 20oN latitude over India.
7. WAC Advisory IOP for NE-India for 29th May and No IOP for 30th May.
202
203

Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic · Heat wave conditions prevailed in some parts of west Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Vidarbha. A western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic
Inference at 0300 circulation extending upto 3.1 kms a.s.l. lies over north Pakistan and neighbourhood. System would move eastnortheastwards. An induced cyclonic circulation extending
th
UTC of 30 May upto 0.9 km a.s.l. lies over northwest Rajasthan and neighbourhood. System would move eastnortheastwards. An east -west trough in the lower tropospheric levels
extends from west Uttar Pradesh to Assam with an embedded cyclonic circulation extending upto 1 .5 kms a.s.l. over east Uttar Pradesh and neighbourhood. A cyclonic
circulation lies between 1.5 and 5.8 kms a.s.l over southwest Bay of Bengal and adjoining areas of south Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Lucknow Thiruvananthapura Vishakhapatnam Chennai Nagpur Hyderabad Dibrugarh Guwahati
00 00 m 00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 6.08 1512.82 752.80 2599.72 2413.36 496.56 398.50 0.0 150.63
CINE J/Kg -868.33 -399.91 -91.17 -233.44 -187.55 -438.31 -330.81 0.0 -126.62
SWI 149.00 - 197.38 162.18 208.98 278.41 240.02 179.61 201.40
TPWC in mm 32.61 79.43 51.85 43.04 49.39 38.80 40.66 34.49 45.21
3. DWR Report Strong echo was seen in DWR Delhi at 30/1122UTC with height more than 10km and reflectivity more than 55dBZ and isolated echoes were seen in DWR Hyderabad at
30/1132 UTC and in DWR Kolkata at 30/1122 UTC with height more than 10km and reflectivity more than 50dBZ.
4. Satellite Imagery Broken multi layered clouds with embedded moderate to intense convection over Jammu and Kashmir adjoining Himachal Pradesh, north Punjab (minimum CTT minus 57
analysis at 0600 UTC 0C) in association with Western Disturbance over the area. Broken intense convective clouds over Tripura (minimum CTT minus 70 0C). Scattered low/medium clouds with
th
of 30 May over the embedded isolated moderate to intense convection over North Uttarakhand (minimum CTT minus 50 0C). Scattered low/medium clouds over rest Punjab, rest Uttarakhand
STORM area and exterior Northeast Uttar Pradesh. Broken low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over rest North-eastern states. Scattered
low/medium clouds over Bihar, Sikkim, Sub-Himalayan West Bengal, Gangetic West Bengal, Northeast Jharkhand, Kerala and Tamilnadu. Broken low/medium clouds with
embedded isolated weak convection over Southwest Marathwada, South Madhya Maharashtra, South Konkan and Goa. Isolated low/medium clouds over rest Maharashtra
and Rajasthan. Broken low/medium clouds with isolated weak convection over Karnataka.
5. Realized Significant 28.05.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at few places over Karnataka, Kerala and isolated places over Andhra Pradesh.
weather ending at 29.05.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at few places over Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and at isolated places over Punjab, Rajasthan, Assam, Tripura, Mizoram,
th
0300 UTC of 30 May Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Kerala, Tamilnadu, and Chhattisgarh.
6. NWP advisory · GFS model wind analysis of 00 UTC of 30 May 2014 shows heat low over west Rajasthan and adjoining Pakistan along with associated shallow cyclonic circulation
(GFS model low level extending up to 850 hPa. This flow pattern associated with heat low persists for next 3 days with a little weakening over the region. GFS analysis and forecast charts show
wind analysis of 0000 a lower-tropospheric cyclonic circulation extending up to 850 hPa over Uttar Pradesh and adjoining area which persists for next 3 days. In GFS weather charts, a north-
th
UTC 30 May 2014) south trough from the above mentioned cyclonic circulation to Vidarbha and adjoining Chhattisgarh run across Madhya Pradesh. The trough deepens further over the
same region with the advent of a fresh cyclonic circulation over Telangana and adjoining area in day 3. GFS analysis shows prominent westerly wind in upper tropospheric
o o
(at 200 hPa) north of 22 N latitude over north India in 24 hours. The ridge line is persisting south of the 20 N latitude over India. The anticyclone over southeast China
moves gradually westward positioned over east of northeast India in day 3 and wind becomes southerly at 200 hPa over Indian land mass.
· In WRF model weather charts, the heat low over west Rajasthan and adjoin Pakistan along with shallow lower tropospheric cyclonic circulation is visible for next 3 days.
WRF model analysis and forecasts also indicates cyclonic circulation over Uttar Pradesh and adjoining area along with north-south trough extending southward. A cyclonic
circulation also appears over Telangana and adjoining area in day 3 similar to GFS model.
st
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for Northwest India on 31 May, for Northeast India (Assam, Meghalaya & Sikkim) and Southern Peninsula (Marathwada, Interior Karnataka & adjoining Kerala)
st st
on 31 May & 1 June.
204
205
nd
S.No. 2 June, 2014 STORM area of interest(North-West India, Central India and West India)
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at · Also conditions are becoming favourable for the onset of southwest monsoon over Kerala and its further advance into some more parts of south Arabian Sea,
nd
0300 UTC of 2 June remaining parts of Maldives-Comorin area, some parts of Tamil Nadu, some more parts of Bay of Bengal and some parts of north-eastern states during next 3-4
days.
· Heat wave conditions prevailed in some parts of Vidarbha.
· The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation over Jammu & Kashmir is moving away northeastwards.
· The cyclonic circulation over Gangetic West Bengal now lies over Bangladesh and neighbourhood and extends upto 3.6 kms a.s.l.
· The trough at 0.9 km a.s.l. now extends from southwest Madhya Pradesh to south Tamil Nadu across interior Maharashtra and interior Karnataka.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Lucknow Patiala Gwalior Raipur
00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 0.0 153.91 36.44 159.19 937.95
CINE J/Kg 0.0 -329.14 -749.93 -377.19 -216.32
SWI 148.99 - 97.21 - -
TPWC in mm 28.41 34.43 23.25 40.36 47.70
3. DWR Report Very strong multiple echoes were seen in DWR Chennai at 02/1050UTC with height >15 Km and reflectivity >55dBZ. Isolated echoes were seen in DWR Hyderabad at
02/1052 UTC, in DWR Kolkata at 02/1050 UTC, in DWR Visakhapatnam at 02/1046 UTC and in DWR Mumbai at 02/1059 UTC with height >10 Km and reflectivity
>45dBZ.
0 0
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at Convective clouds over East Gangetic West Bengal (minimum CTT minus 63 C), Telangana (minimum CTT minus 33 C), Exterior Southeast Chhattisgarh and adjoining
nd 0
0600 UTC of 2 June over Odisha (minimum CTT minus 38 C). Scattered low/medium clouds over Jammu and Kashmir, and North Himachal Pradesh. Scattered low/medium clouds with
the STORM area embedded isolated weak convection over rest Chhattisgarh, Meghalaya, Karnataka. Isolated to scattered low/medium clouds over rest parts of the Eastern region,
Southern region, rest Maharashtra, and Southeast Madhya Pradesh. Broken low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over
Marathwada, adjoining Madhya Maharashtra.
5. Realized Significant 30.05.14: Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Meghalaya,
weather ending at 0300 Tripura, Sikkim, West Bengal, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Kerala and Chhattisgarh. Thunder Squall reported at Malda (West Bengal) from Southwest
UTC of 2nd June direction on 30/ 0505 - 0506 hrs IST with maximum wind speed 55 Kmph. Thunder Squall reported at Palam (Delhi) from Northwest direction at 30/1654-1656 IST
with maximum wind speed 115 Kmph and at Safdarjung (Delhi) form Northwest direction at 30/1658-1703 IST with maximum wind speed 92 Kmph. Hailstorm with
diameter 0.1 Cm reported at Pahalgam (Jammu and Kashmir) on 30/1935-1940 IST. 31.05.14: Thunderstorm occurred at few places over Jammu and Kashmir,
Himachal Pradesh and at isolated places over Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, West Rajasthan, West Bengal, Odisha,
Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Kerala, 01.06.14: Thunderstorm occurred at few places over Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and at isolated places over
Delhi, Haryana, Assam, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Chhattisgarh, Vidarbha, Tamilnadu, Odisha and Maharashtra. Thunder Squall reported at
Safdarjung (Delhi) from Southwest direction at 01/2139-2140 IST with maximum wind speed 61 Kmph.
6. NWP advisory · GFS analysis based on 00UTC of 02 June 2014 shows that the western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation over Jammu & Kashmir and neighbourhood is
(GFS model low level wind moving away east-northeastwards.
nd
analysis of 0000 UTC 2 · A trough extends from South Madhya Pradesh to South Tamilnadu across interior Karnataka in lowers levels.
June 2014)
7. WAC Advisory NO IOP for next two days.
206
Accumulated 24 Hour rainfall recorded at 0300 UTC of 2nd June CAPE analysis dated 2nd June
207
S.No. 4th June, 2014 STORM area of interest(North-West India, Central India and West India)
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at · Heat wave conditions prevailed in west Rajasthan and in some parts of east Rajasthan, Saurashtra & Kutch and of Vidarbha.
0300 UTC of 4th June · The feeble off shore trough at mean sea level off Karnataka-Kerala coasts persists.
· The east-west shear zone now runs roughly along Lat. 12° N at 3.1 kms a.s.l.
· The trough at 0.9 km a.s.l. now lies at 1.5 kms a.s.l. and extends from southwest Madhya Pradesh to south interior Karnataka across Vidarbha,
Marathwada and north interior Karnataka.
· A cyclonic circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. lies over Assam & Meghalaya and neighbourhood.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Lucknow Patiala Jodhpur Raipur Mumbai
00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 0.0 0.0 792.70 108.72 17.91 776.26
CINE J/Kg 0.0 0.0 -877.24 -466.82 -365.39 -7.60
SWI 91.79 84.02 177.80 196.79 149.80 -
TPWC in mm 18.45 23.57 23.84 30.31 41.91 46.09
3. DWR Report Isolated echoes were seen in DWR Chennai at 04/1030 UTC, in DWR Machilipatnam 04/1031 and in DWR Kolkata at 04/1024 UTC with height >10Km and
reflectivity >50dBZ.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at Scattered multi layered clouds over Northwest Jammu and Kashmir over area between latitude 37 0N to 41 0N longitude 70 0E to 80 0E in association with
0600 UTC of 4th June over Western Disturbance over the area. Convective cell persists over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal (minimum CTT minus 52 0C), East Arunachal Pradesh
the STORM area (minimum CTT minus 45 0C), and East Meghalaya adjoining South Assam (minimum CTT minus 64 0C). Scattered low/medium clouds over rest Jammu and
Kashmir, North Himachal Pradesh. Scattered low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over Sikkim, West Arunachal
Pradesh and Tripura. Scattered low/medium clouds over rest parts of the Eastern region. Scattered low/medium clouds over South Rajasthan, Gujarat,
Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra Scattered low/medium clouds over Karnataka, Kerala, Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh
5. Realized Significant weather 02.06.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at few places over Tamilnadu and at isolated places Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tripura, Gujarat, Rajasthan, West
ending at 0300 UTC of 4th Bengal, Odisha, Vidarbha, Maharashtra, Kerala, Konkan and Goa. Thunder squall reported at Ahmadabad (Gujarat) from North Northeast direction with
June Maximum wind speed 50 Kmph. 03.06.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamilnadu,
Maharashtra, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Chhattisgarh and Odisha.
6. NWP advisory Model analysis indicates that the east-west shear zone now runs roughly along Lat. 12° N at 3.1 kms a.s.l. The trough at 0.9 km a.s.l. now lies at 1.5 kms
(GFS model low level wind a.s.l. and extends from southwest Madhya Pradesh to south interior Karnataka across Vidarbha, Marathwada and north interior Karnataka. A cyclonic
analysis of 0000 UTC 4th circulation extending upto 0.9 km a.s.l. lies over Assam & Meghalaya and neighbourhood.
June 2014)
7. WAC Advisory NO IOP for next two days.
208
Accumulated 24 Hour rainfall recorded at 0300 UTC of 4th June CAPE analysis dated 4th June
209
th
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference · Heat wave conditions prevailed in Uttar Pradesh, west Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Vidarbha and in some parts of Haryana, Punjab, east Rajasthan and
at 0300 UTC of 6th June of Saurashtra & Kutch.
· The feeble off shore trough now lies as off shore trough at mean sea level off Karnataka-Kerala coasts.
· The east-west shear zone roughly along Lat. 11° N now lies between 3.1 and 4.5 kms a.s.l.
· The cyclonic circulation extending upto 3.1 kms a.s.l. over Assam & Meghalaya and neighbourhood persists.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Lucknow Patiala Jodhpur Raipur Mumbai
00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 0.0 0.0 8.88 155.40 191.19 2321.50
CINE J/Kg 0.0 -15.47 -671.59 -511.87 -480.75 0.0
SWI 133.22 - 192.19 210.86 98.40 -
TPWC in mm 25.22 18.91 31.13 32.71 29.19 49.89
3. DWR Report Isolated multiple echoes were seen in DWR Chennai at 06/1010 UTC with height > 10km and reflectivity > 55 dBZ.
Isolated echoes were seen in DWR Kolkata at 06/1010 UTC and DWR Machilipatnam at 06/1020 UTC with height >15 km and reflectivity nearly 55 dBZ.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis Scattered multi layered clouds over area between Latitude 370 North to 420 North longitudes 650 East to 740 East in association with Western Disturbance
at 0600 UTC of 6th June over the area. Scattered moderate to intense convective clouds persists over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal, West Assam (minimum CTT minus 640C),
over the STORM area Meghalaya (minimum CTT minus 440C) and Arunachal Pradesh (minimum CTT minus 450C). Isolated low/medium clouds over Jammu and Kashmir, North
Himachal Pradesh. Scattered low/medium clouds over Odisha, Gujarat, Konkan and Goa, Gangetic West Bengal, East Bihar, Northeast Jharkhand, rest
Northeast states. Scattered low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak convection over East Rajasthan and Southwest Madhya Pradesh. Scattered
low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over Kerala, Exterior South Telangana, South Interior Karnataka, and Coastal
Karnataka.
5. Realized Significant 04.06.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Odisha, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Maharashtra,
weather ending at 0300 Karnataka, Chhattisgarh, Costal Andhra Pradesh and Jharkhand. 05.06.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan,
UTC of 6th June Assam, Sub-Himalayan West Bengal, Odisha, Meghalaya, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, and Kerala.
6. NWP advisory · GFS model analysis based on 00UTC of 06 June 2014 shows that the feeble off-shore trough from Karnataka coast to Kerala coast at mean sea level
(GFS model low level persists. It would continue to persist during next 48 hours. The east-west shear zone along latitude 11.0°N now lies between 3.1 km and 4.5 km above
wind analysis of 0000 mean sea level. The upper air cyclonic circulation over Assam & neighbourhood extending upto 3.1 km above mean sea level persists. It would continue to
UTC 6th June 2014) persist during next 48 hours. The upper air cyclonic circulation over east Uttar Pradesh and neighbourhood extends upto 0.9 km above mean sea level, a
trough extends from this system to Telangana across east Madhya Pradesh and Vidarbha has become less marked.
7. WAC Advisory IOP Issued for Northwest India (Jammu & Kashmir) for 7th and 8th June. No IOP for rest of the region for next three days.
210
211
S.No. 9th June, 2014 STORM area of interest(North-West India, Central India and West India)
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic · Severe heat wave conditions prevailed in some parts of east Madhya Pradesh and of Vidarbha. Heat wave conditions also prevailed in Haryana, Punjab and west
Inference at 0300 Rajasthan and in some parts of Uttar Pradesh, east Rajasthan, west Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and of coastal Andhra Pradesh and in remaining parts of east
UTC of 9th June Madhya Pradesh. The east-west shear zone roughly along Lat. 13° N between 3.1 and 4.5 kms a.s.l. persists. Under the influence of the cyclonic circulation
embedded in the above shear zone over east-central Arabian Sea and neighbourhood, a low pressure area has formed over east-central and adjoining southeast
Arabian Sea. Associated cyclonic circulation extends upto mid tropospheric levels. System would concentrate into Depression during next 24 hours. The cyclonic
circulation over northeast Madhya Pradesh and neighbourhood now lies over east Uttar Pradesh and neighbourhood and extends upto 2.1 kms a.s.l.
2. T-Ø gram analysis Delhi Patiala Jodhpur Gwalior Raipur Mumbai
00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 70.39 8.05 271.84 216.33 - 1650.06
CINE J/Kg -474.70 -909.01 -283.45 -1132.28 - 0.00
SWI 135.60 236.79 499.40 51.01 - -
TPWC in mm 26.20 25.95 35.22 27.60 - 50.56
3. DWR Report Multiple echoes were seen in DWR Chennai at 09/1100 UTC with height > 10km and reflectivity > 50 dBZ.
Isolated multiple echoes were seen in DWR Agartala at 09/1040 UTC with height > 10km and reflectivity > 45 dBZ.
4. Satellite Imagery Scattered multi layered clouds over Jammu & Kashmir in association with Western Disturbance over the area. Broken intense to very intense convective cells
analysis at 0900 UTC persist over exterior East-central Madhya Pradesh, adjoining Chhattisgarh (minimum CTT minus 68 °C) and Meghalaya, adjoining Assam (minimum CTT minus 87
of 9th June over the °C) and North Nagaland, adjoining Assam and adjoining Arunachal Pradesh (MINIMUM CTT MINUS 74 °C). Scattered Low/medium clouds over rest Jammu &
STORM area Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Haryana, East Rajasthan and isolated over Uttar Pradesh. Broken low/medium clouds with embedded weak to
moderate convection over rest north-eastern states, Sub-Himalayan west Bengal, Chhattisgarh and Odisha. Scattered low/medium clouds with embedded
isolated weak to moderate convection over Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. Broken low/medium clouds with embedded intense to very intense convection
over Coastal Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu. Broken low/medium clouds with moderate to intense convection over rest parts of Southern India.
5. Realized Significant 06.06.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over Assam, West Bengal, Maharashtra, West Rajasthan, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Karnataka.
weather ending at 07.06.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over Jammu & Kashmir, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka and Kerala.
0300 UTC of 9th June 08.06.14:- Thunderstorm occurred at a few places over Jammu & Kashmir and at isolated places over West Rajasthan, Assam, West Bengal, Odisha, Bihar, Uttar
Pradesh, Karnataka and Kerala. Thunder Squall recorded at Gopalpur (Odisha) from 2138-2143 hrs IST from northerly direction with maximum wind speed
60kmph.
6. NWP advisory · GFS model analysis based on 00 UTC of 09-06-2014 shows that a low pressure area has formed over east-central and adjoining southeast Arabian sea.
(GFS model low level Associated upper air cyclonic circulation extends upto mid-tropospheric levels. It would concentrate into a depression during next 24 hours. The east-west
wind analysis of shear zone runs along latitude 13.0°N between 3.1 & 4.5 km above mean sea levels. The upper air cyclonic circulation over northeast Madhya Pradesh &
0000 UTC 9th June neighbourhood now lies over east Uttar Pradesh and neighbourhood extending upto 2.1 km above mean sea level.
2014)
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for Central India on 10 and 11 June. No IOP issued for rest of the region.
212
213
th
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at · Severe heat wave conditions prevailed in some parts of east Madhya Pradesh. Heat wave conditions also prevailed in west Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab,
th
0300 UTC of 11 June Himachal Pradesh and west Madhya Pradesh and in some parts of east Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Vidarbha, Chhattisgarh and of coastal Andhra Pradesh. The well
marked low pressure area over east central Arabian Sea concentrated into a Depression and lay centred at 0900 UTC of yesterday, the 10th June 2014, within half a
degree of Lat. 15.5°N and Long. 68.5°E, about 610 kms southwest of Mumbai and 630 kms south southwest of Veraval. It moved north-westwards and lay centred at
1200 UTC of yesterday, the 10th June, 2014 within half a degree of Lat. 16.0°N and Long. 68.0°E, about 620 kms southwest of Mumbai and 600 kms south southwest
of Veraval. It further moved north-westwards, intensified into a Deep Depression and lay centred at 1800 UTC of yesterday, the 10th June 2014 within half a degree
of Lat. 16.5°N and Long. 67.5°E, about 630 kms southwest of Mumbai and 570 kms south southwest of Veraval. It further moved slowly westwards and intensified
into a Cyclonic Storm ‘NANAUK’ and lay centred at 0000 UTC of today, the 11th June 2014 within half a degree of Lat. 16.5°N and Long. 67.2°E, about 660 kms
southwest of Mumbai and 590 kms south southwest of Veraval. It continued to move slowly north-westwards and now lies centred at 0300 UTC of today, the 11th
June, 2014 over east central Arabian Sea within half a degree of Lat. 16.70 N and Long. 67.00 E, about 670 kms west-southwest of Mumbai and 590 kms south
southwest of Veraval. It would intensify further into a severe cyclonic storm during next 24 hrs. It would move west-north-westwards towards Oman coast during
next 120 hrs. A feeble off shore trough at mean sea level extends from south Maharashtra coast to Kerala coast. A cyclonic circulation extending upto 1.5 kms a.s.l.
lies over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim and neighbourhood.
00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 9.20 384.24 1606.92 0.00 0.00 841.22
CINE J/Kg -888.47 -491.73 -788.77 0.00 0.00 -24.62
SWI 83.99 192.01 159.41 44.99 - -
TPWC in mm 19.69 26.16 23.48 15.09 33.18 49.95
3. DWR Report Isolated multiple echoes were seen in DWR Jaipur at 11/1050UTC with height > 10km and reflectivity > 50 dBZ. Isolated strong echoes were seen in
DWR Kolkata at 11/1000UTC with height > 15 km and reflectivity > 55 dBZ.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at Broken convective cells persists over Gangetic West Bengal (minimum CTT minus 71°C), West Assam, adjoining Meghalaya (minimum CTT minus 54°C), North
0600 UTC of 11th June over Nagaland, adjoining Assam (minimum CTT minus 69°C), and exterior Southeast Sub-Himalayan West Bengal (minimum CTT minus 52°C). Broken moderate
the STORM area convective cell developed over Southwest Punjab (minimum CTT minus 27 °C). Scattered low/medium clouds over Jammu & Kashmir, North Himachal Pradesh,
North Uttarakhand, rest parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, South Gujarat and rest parts of eastern region except Jharkhand and Southwest Bihar. Broken
low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over rest Northeast States. Scattered low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak to
moderate convection over Vidarbha, Konkan & Goa.
5. Realized Significant 09-06-14: Thunderstorm occurred at a few places over Assam and at isolated places over J & K, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya
weather ending at 0300 Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamilnadu. 10-06-14: Thunderstorm occurred at isolated places over Bihar, Jharkhand, West
th
UTC of 11 June Bengal, Assam, Tripura, Odisha, Uttarakhand, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala.
6. NWP advisory · GFS analysis based on 00UTC of 11 June, 2014 shows that the cyclonic storm "NANAUK" over east central Arabian Sea moved slowly north-westwards and lay
(GFS model low level wind centred at 0830 hours IST of today near latitude 16.7°N and longitude 67.0°E, about 670 km west-southwest of Mumbai and 590 km south-southwest of Veraval. It
th
analysis of 0000 UTC 11 would intensify further into a severe cyclonic storm during next 24 hours and would move west-north-westwards towards Oman coast during next 120 hours. A
June 2014) feeble off shore trough runs from south Maharashtra coast to Kerala coast at mean sea level. It would continue persist during next 24 hours. The upper air cyclonic
circulation over Assam & Meghalaya and neighbourhood now lies over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim and neighbourhood at 1.5 km above mean sea level. It
7. WAC Advisory IOP issued for Central India (Madhya Pradesh) and West India (Gujarat) on 12th and 13th June and for Northwest India (Rajasthan) on 13th June.
214
215
th
Reference source
1. NWFC Synoptic Inference at 0300 · The Cyclonic Storm 'NANAUK' over east central and adjoining west central Arabian Sea moved west north-westwards and lay cantered at 1200 UTC of
th
UTC of 13 June yesterday the 12th June 2014 over west central and adjoining east central Arabian Sea, within half a degree of Lat. 18.3°N and Long. 63.9°E, about 940 kms
th
west southwest of Mumbai and 740 kms west southwest of Veraval. It further moved north-westwards and lies centred at 0300 UTC of today, the 13 June
2014 within half a degree of Lat. 18.7°N and Long. 62.7 °E, about 1080 kms west southwest of Mumbai and 850 kms west southwest of Veraval. The system
would continue to move north-westwards and weaken gradually.
· The feeble off shore trough at mean sea level now extends from Maharashtra coast to Kerala coast. The cyclonic circulation over Bangla Desh and adjoining
west Assam now lies over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim and neighbourhood and extends upto 1.5 kms a.s.l. A cyclonic circulation between 1.5 & 5.8
kms a.s.l. lies over east central Bay of Bengal and neighbourhood.
00 00 00 00 00 00
CAPE in J/Kg 20.87 15.22 2315.31 0.0 45.20 ---
CINE J/Kg -504.51 -660.56 -19.31 0.0 -288.09 ---
SWI 190.22 160.59 440.99 --- 265.59 ---
TPWC in mm 42.08 30.87 51.60 43.62 45.47 ---
3. DWR Report Northeast-Southwest extended squall line echo with length > 50km and width nearly 10km was seen in DWR Kolkata at 13/1200UTC.
4. Satellite Imagery analysis at 0600 Moderate to intense convective cells persists South Arunachal Pradesh, East Assam (minimum CTT minus 50° C) Meghalaya (minimum CTT minus 53° C)
th
UTC of 13 June over the STORM Tripura (minimum CTT minus 52° deg C). Convective cells persists over South Haryana, adjoining Delhi, west Uttar Pradesh, adjoining Uttarakhand (minimum
area CTT minus 18°C). Scattered multilayered clouds over North Jammu & Kashmir in association with Western Disturbance over the area. Scattered low/medium
clouds over south Bihar, Gangetic West Bengal, North Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Gangetic West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, West Odisha and rest parts of North India
except North Punjab. Scattered low/medium clouds with embedded isolated weak convection over extreme Northeast Rajasthan, South Konkan and Goa.
Scattered low/medium clouds over rest of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh and isolated over rest parts of the region. Scattered low/medium clouds with
embedded isolated weak to moderate convection over rest parts of the region.
5. Realized Significant weather 11-06-14: Thunderstorm occurred at a few places over Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and at isolated places over Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh,
th
ending at 0300 UTC of 13 June Chhattisgarh, Assam, Meghalaya, Odisha, West Bengal, Kerala, Karnataka, and Konkan & Goa. Thunder Squall observed over Alipore (Kolkata) from
10/1848 to 10/1849 from North-westerly direction with max. Wind speed 54 Kmph. 12-06-14: Thunderstorm occurred at a few places over Uttar Pradesh and at
isolated places over Jammu & Kashmir, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka and
Tamilnadu.
6. NWP advisory · GFS analysis based on 00UTC of 13 June, 2014 shows that the cyclonic storm "NANAUK" over west central and adjoining east central Arabian Sea moved
(GFS model low level wind analysis west-north-westwards and lay centred at 0830 hours IST of today, near latitude 18.7°N and longitude 62.7°E, about 1080 km west-southwest of Mumbai,
th
of 0000 UTC 13 June 2014) 850 km west-southwest of Veraval and 460 km east-southeast of Masirah Islands (Oman). The system would continue to move northwards and weaken
gradually as it would enter to relatively colder sea and experience dry air entrapment and high vertical wind shear. The feeble off shore trough from south
Maharashtra coast to Kerala coast, now extends from Maharashtra coast to Kerala coast at mean sea level. It would continue to persist during next 24 hours.
The upper air cyclonic circulation over Bangla Desh and adjoining west Assam now lies over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim and neighbourhood
extending upto 1.5 km above mean sea level. It would continue to persist during next 24 hours. An upper air cyclonic circulation has formed over east
central Bay of Bengal & neighbourhood between 1.5 km to 5.8 km above mean sea level.
7. WAC Advisory NIL
216
217
THUNDERSTORMS 2014
A REPORT

INDIAN Storm - Report - Nov - 2014 PDF

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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES

No. ESSO/IMD/SMRC STORM Project-2014/01(2014)/03

(SAARC STORM PROJECT -2014)

DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL OF METEOROLOGY (SERVICES)

(15 March to 15 June)

1. India Meteorological Department, Lodi Road, New Delhi

INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT (IMD)

Report Number: No. ESSO/IMD/SMRC STORM Project-2014/01(2014)/03

1.1 Background of thunderstorm studies in India

1.2 The SAARC STORM Programme

Indian states in Northeast India include

4) DDGM(UI), IMD provided an additional Radiosonde ascents at 0600 UTC in New

11) Indian Air Force provided:

ii) Mesoscale model WRF-NMM forecast output.

FREQUENCY OF THUNDERSTORM EVENTS DURING

THE SAARC STORM PERIOD-2014

2.1 Region wise:

(a) Northeast India (15 March to 15 June, 2014):

15 -31 March, 2014

1-30 April, 2014

1-15 June, 2014

Entire Storm Period (15 March -15 June, 2014)

15 -31 March, 2014

1-30 April, 2014

1-31 May, 2014

1-15 June, 2014

(c) South Peninsular India (15 March to 15 June):

15 -31 March, 2014

1-30 April, 2014

1-15 June, 2014

Entire Storm Period (15 March -15 June, 2014)

(d) Central India (1 April to 15 June-2014) :

1-30 April, 2014

1-31 May, 2014

1-15 June, 2014

Entire Storm Period (1 April -15 June, 2014)

(e) West India (15 April to 15 June):

15-30 April, 2014

1-31 May, 2014

1-15 June, 2014

Entire Storm Period (15 April -15 June, 2014)

(f) Northwest India (15 March to 15 June):

15 -31 March, 2014

1-30 April, 2014

1-31 May, 2014

1-15 June, 2014

Entire Storm Period (15 March -15 June, 2014)

2.2 Country as a whole:

THUNDER SQUALLS RECORDED OVER INDIA DURING

THE SAARC STORM PERIOD-2014

S. No. Date Met Sub State Station Realised Duration (IST)

S. No. Date Met Sub State Station Realised Duration (IST)

S. No. Date Met Sub State Station Realised Duration (IST)

S. No. Date Met Sub State Station Realised Duration (IST)

3.1 Regionwise & Statewise Distribution

3.2 Diurnal Occurrence of Thundersqualls:

3.3 Distribution based on Maximum Speed and Direction:

Fig 3d Distribution of Thunder squalls based upon max wind speed

Fig 3e Distribution of Thunder squalls based upon direction of approach during

HAILSTORMS RECORDED OVER INDIA DURING

THE SAARC STORM PERIOD-2014

1) High instability, with Cb clouds growing to very high levels.