Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
September 2010
DSP3D-PE-200107A
Copyright
Copyright © 1994-2010 Intergraph Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Including software, file formats, and audiovisual displays; may be used pursuant to applicable software license agreement;
contains confidential and proprietary information of Intergraph and/or third parties which is protected by copyright law, trade secret
law, and international treaty, and may not be provided or otherwise made available without proper authorization from Intergraph
Corporation.
U.S. Government Restricted Rights Legend
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the government is subject to restrictions as set forth below. For civilian agencies: This was
developed at private expense and is "restricted computer software" submitted with restricted rights in accordance with
subparagraphs (a) through (d) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights clause at 52.227-19 of the Federal
Acquisition Regulations ("FAR") and its successors, and is unpublished and all rights are reserved under the copyright laws of the
United States. For units of the Department of Defense ("DoD"): This is "commercial computer software" as defined at DFARS
252.227-7014 and the rights of the Government are as specified at DFARS 227.7202-3.
Unpublished - rights reserved under the copyright laws of the United States.
Intergraph Corporation
P.O. Box 240000
Huntsville, AL 35813
Street address: 170 Graphics Drive, Madison, AL 35758
Terms of Use
Use of this software product is subject to the End User License Agreement ("EULA") delivered with this software product unless the
licensee has a valid signed license for this software product with Intergraph Corporation. If the licensee has a valid signed license
for this software product with Intergraph Corporation, the valid signed license shall take precedence and govern the use of this
software product. Subject to the terms contained within the applicable license agreement, Intergraph Corporation gives licensee
permission to print a reasonable number of copies of the documentation as defined in the applicable license agreement and
delivered with the software product for licensee's internal, non-commercial use. The documentation may not be printed for resale or
redistribution.
Warranties and Liabilities
All warranties given by Intergraph Corporation about equipment or software are set forth in the EULA provided with the software or
applicable license for the software product signed by Intergraph Corporation, and nothing stated in, or implied by, this document or
its contents shall be considered or deemed a modification or amendment of such warranties. Intergraph believes the information in
this publication is accurate as of its publication date.
The information and the software discussed in this document are subject to change without notice and are subject to applicable
technical product descriptions. Intergraph Corporation is not responsible for any error that may appear in this document.
The software discussed in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms
of this license. No responsibility is assumed by Intergraph for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is not supplied by
Intergraph or its affiliated companies. THE USER OF THE SOFTWARE IS EXPECTED TO MAKE THE FINAL EVALUATION AS
TO THE USEFULNESS OF THE SOFTWARE IN HIS OWN ENVIRONMENT.
Intergraph is not responsible for the accuracy of delivered data including, but not limited to, catalog, reference and symbol data.
Users should verify for themselves that the data is accurate and suitable for their project work.
Trademarks
Intergraph, the Intergraph logo, PDS, SmartPlant, FrameWorks, I-Convert, I-Export, I-Sketch, SmartMarine, IntelliShip, INtools,
ISOGEN, MARIAN, SmartSketch, SPOOLGEN, SupportManager, SupportModeler, COADE, CAESAR II, CADWorx, PV Elite,
CODECALC, and TANK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intergraph Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States
and other countries. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Oracle, JD
Edwards, PeopleSoft, and Retek are registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other brands and product
names are trademarks of their respective owners.
Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Technical Support .............................................................................................................................. 7
Program Interface Generalities .......................................................................................................... 8
Help ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Units ........................................................................................................................................... 9
In-Field Computations ................................................................................................................. 9
Error Checking ............................................................................................................................ 9
Program Capabilities ....................................................................................................................... 10
Installation............................................................................................................................................ 11
Hardware/Software Requirements ................................................................................................... 12
Installing TANK ................................................................................................................................ 12
Installing TANK in Silent Mode ......................................................................................................... 16
ESL Installation on a Network .......................................................................................................... 17
Software Revision Procedures ......................................................................................................... 18
Identifying Builds ....................................................................................................................... 18
Can Builds Be Applied to Any Version? ..................................................................................... 18
Announcing Builds ..................................................................................................................... 18
Obtaining Builds ........................................................................................................................ 18
What is Contained in a Specific Build? ....................................................................................... 19
Installing Builds ......................................................................................................................... 19
Detecting/Checking Builds ......................................................................................................... 19
Archiving and Reinstalling an Old, Patched Version ................................................................... 20
Analysis/Solution Phase...................................................................................................................... 87
TANK Program Files ........................................................................................................................ 87
Solution Overview ............................................................................................................................ 88
Introduction
TANK is a computer-based software tool for the design and analysis of large storage tanks using
the API-650 and API-653 design codes. TANK incorporates interactive dialogs for user input, cell
specific help for guidance and information, input validation to avoid run time errors, and extensive
diagnostics to assist in problem resolution.
This manual provides detailed instructions for the installation, configuration, and operation of the
program. Every effort has been made to create a user interface as obvious as possible. However,
when in doubt, rely on the help system, which can be launched by pressing F1.
Technical Support
Intergraph understands the engineer’s need to produce efficient, economical, and expeditious
designs. To that end, Intergraph has a staff of professionals ready to address questions raised by
users. TANK support is available by telephone, e-mail, fax, the web site, and by mail. It is
expected, however, that questions focus on the current version of the program.
Help
One of the most important features of TANK is the help system, which is designed to be available
anytime input is required from the user. Help on a particular input box can be obtained by pressing
F1. After the help system has been activated, the appropriate information displays in an interactive
window. When the help text pertains to an input cell which is units specific, the help text includes
the expected input units in the title line.
These unit labels are dynamic and will change to reflect the currently active units file.
Units
The second important feature of the TANK interface is the units system. The units system is
intended to provide consistent units sets while providing flexibility to switch between them. The
following points detail the characteristics of the units system:
Input Files - New and existing input files are always presented using the currently active set of
units. The expected units for each data cell are displayed on the dialog.
Selecting a Units File - Most users will work in one predominate units system so it is
important to select and set this system in the tool\configuration program. For more information
on the four standard supplied units systems, see Appendix B - Standard Units Systems (on
page 125).
Reviewing Output - Output reports are always generated at the time of the request using the
currently active units file. TANK provides the user with the ability to switch units for output
generation. This provides the ability to review the output in several sets of units without
re-running the analysis.
Creating Units Sets - Intergraph supplies four standard unit sets with TANK. In some
instances additional sets may be required. A utility program can be launched from the Main
Menu to generate additional unit files.
In-Field Computations
The third important feature of the interface is the ability to perform simple computations in the input
cells. For example, a corrosion allowance of 3/32 can be entered as 3/32 instead of 0.09375. The
four basic math operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) are supported in the
input cells. This input calculator feature is quite useful for quick conversions when a calculator is
out of reach.
Error Checking
A final point to note about the TANK interface is the error detection and diagnostic reporting
module. Even though TANK validates your input data, there is still the potential for abort
conditions to arise during the analysis. These conditions can be caused by system problems (full
hard disks) or API Code restrictions (Appendix A limits thicknesses to ½ inch). When such a fatal
condition occurs, the program attempts to trap the error, assign it a numeric value which is
indexed to a database, and finally reports the problem to you. This diagnostic reporting can be
launched from any module of the program and utilizes the same interface as the help system.
After the review of a specific error message is complete, the diagnostic utility allows the review of
additional error messages if necessary. Upon exit from the diagnostic utility, user control is
returned to the Main menu.
Program Capabilities
TANK incorporates the major considerations of API-650 Section 5 and several of the Appendices.
These include:
Shell course thickness and fluid height computations according to either the variable point
method or the one foot method.
Wind girder computations for the top and up to five intermediate girders.
Minimum metal temperature reporting.
Shell course thickness and fluid height computations according to Appendix A.
Seismic computations according to Appendix E.
Internal pressure considerations according to Appendix F.
Grillage computations according to Appendix I.
Material modifications due to temperature according to Appendix M.
Cycle Life computations according to Appendix M.
Nozzle flexibilities and limiting loads according to Appendix P, including the limiting load
interaction diagrams.
Stainless Steel considerations according to Appendix S.
External pressure computations according to Appendix V.
Duplex Stainless Steel considerations according to Appendix X.
An alternate nozzle stiffness calculation routine according to PVP-1279.
Tank sizing/costing scratch-pad
A Material Database editor
TANK also incorporates the following considerations from API-653:
Material modifications according to Section 2.3.
Shell Settlement evaluation according to Appendix B.
Retiring thicknesses and remaining corrosion allowance.
Corroded hydrotest case
Shell thickness evaluations using individual joint efficiencies and “L” locations
Bottom Plate minimum thickness determinations
Hydrotest heights
TANK can also design or analyze a supported cone roof according to the procedures outlined in
Brownell & Young. TANK also incorporates venting computations from API-2000.
TANK relies on a great deal of data specified in the API codes. This includes the material data
from Table 5.2, and digitized data from Appendix P. Other data tables have also been
incorporated into the program where necessary.
Every effort is made to insure that TANK is up to date with the current codes.
Installation
To begin the installation of TANK, insert the CD into the drive. The installation routine will start and
the following control menu displays.
CD Content
Additional Installations - Includes options to install the HASP.
Browse the CD - Displays Windows Explorer focused on the root of the CD. Additional
documents and content can be reviewed from this window.
Additional Products - Displays a single page describing other Intergraph Analysis products.
Contact Intergraph - Displays contact information for the Analysis Group at Intergraph.
Services
Training - Displays a web page with the seminar schedule for the various analysis products.
Support Forum - Displays Internet Explorer focused on the TANK Discussion Forum.
The main (center) portion of the menu provides options to install TANK or review a number of
important documents without installing anything. These options include:
Install TANK - Launches the main installation process, which installs TANK, the HASP drivers,
and all associated documentation.
TANK Information - Displays Internet Explorer focused on the TANK Information Page.
Release Notes - Displays a PDF document detailing the recent changes made to this new version
of TANK.
ReadMe File - Displays a text file discussing the installation steps, the system requirements, and
the CD contents.
License Agreement - Displays the TANK License Agreement.
The License Agreement file is an RTF document and may not display properly without an
RTF viewer.
Installation Instructions - Displays a PDF document containing these instructions.
HASP Licensing Overview - Displays a summary of the Aladdin (SafeNet) HASP Licensing
System.
HASP Trouble Shooting - Displays a document with troubleshooting procedures in the event
there are issues with the licensing.
Hardware/Software Requirements
Software Requirements
Windows XP Professional, Windows Vista (Ultimate, Business, or Enterprise), or Windows 7
(Ultimate, Professional, or Business)
SmartPlant License Manager (optional)
Home editions of the Windows operating system are not supported.
Hardware Requirements
minimum of 2.0 Ghz processor
minimum 1 GB of RAM
graphics card with 1024x768 resolution or better
256 MB of video RAM or better
Installing TANK
We recommend that nothing else be running while the installation program runs. Most
unsuccessful installation attempts can be attributed to other software running at the same time as
the installation.
1. Insert the TANK CD into your computer.
If the setup does not start automatically, double-click CDSpawn.exe in the root CD
folder.
2. Click Install TANK to begin the installation.
The installation extracts all the necessary files and optionally installs any prerequisites
needed.
An additional dialog box displays to allow one last chance to exit the installation.
9. Click Install to install the software using the parameters that you have defined.
10. After the TANK files have been installed, the HASP device driver installation starts to install
the driver for the hardware lock. Click OK.
If you selected SmartPlant License Manager as your license type, you are not
prompted to install the HASP driver. Skip to step 11.
After successfully installing the HASP device driver, the following dialog box displays. If this
dialog does not display, installation of the driver was not successful and the software will not
run.
11. Select Show the readme file to view the readme.doc file.
Command
Cmd= setup.exe /v"/qb PROPERTY_NAME="value" PROPERTY_NAME2="Value""
The /v switch is to pass msi commands
The /qb is a silent switch
Example:
This example installs silently with ESL color green.
Setup.exe /v"/qb INSTALL_SILENT="Yes" ESL_COLOR="Green""
This example installs silently with ESL color red and ESL install locally.
Setup.exe /v"/qb INSTALL_SILENT="Yes" ESL_COLOR="Red" ESL_ON_MACHINE="Yes""
Properties
INSTALLDIR - The path to load the installation files.
<target_dir>
Identifying Builds
When posted on the Web, builds are identified with the program identifier and the date the build
was generated. Builds have a naming convention that resembles the following format:
<TK>7.x<date>.exe.
The file name format consists of a two character program abbreviation, the version indicator, and
the build date. After the file has been downloaded and installed, the build date displays at the
bottom right side of the Main menu, and also displays when you click Help > About.
Announcing Builds
When a build becomes available, all users who have registered the software are sent an email
announcement. It is therefore imperative that you register the software following installation.
Obtaining Builds
Builds are posted to the website (http://www.coade.com). The builds are arranged in
sub-directories by program. Each file contained in the directory includes a description defining
what it contains, its size, and the date it was created. Determine which build file you need and
download it.
Installing Builds
The Build file is an InstallShield™ update package. Simply double-click the build file (the exe),
follow any prompts, and the software installation will update appropriately.
Detecting/Checking Builds
When a build is ready to be released, the Main menu module is revised to reflect the build level.
This allows you to see, on the Main Program menu, which build is in use. To see which program
modules have been modified, you can run a COADE utility program from within the program
directory.
From the Utility > Tools menu, click COADE EXE Scanner. This option scans each of the EXE
modules in the program directory and lists its size, memory requirements, and build bevel. A
sample display from this utility is shown in the figure below.
Program Configuration
Through the configuration program, you can configure program computations and databases. The
configuration program can be started directly from the Main menu by selecting Tools >
Configuration.
The first task of this module is to locate an existing setup file to use as a starting template. The
program first looks for an existing configuration file in the current directory. If a configuration file is
not found in the current directory, the configuration file from the program installation directory is
used. After the template configuration file has been read, the program displays its menu, shown in
the Figure below.
Increasing the convergence tolerance reduces the accuracy of the solution. Alternatively,
increase the iteration limit.
Cosine Curve Iteration Limit - Specifies the maximum number of iterations performed by the
program during the API-653, Appendix B settlement evaluation. If convergence problems exist
with the current data set, try increasing the iteration limit to possibly converge.
Increasing the iteration limit causes the solution to take longer.
Wind Girder Shell Thickness - Indicates which shell course thickness the program uses in the
wind girder computations. There are two choices as detailed below:
MAX - The wind girder computation routine uses the maximum thickness for the shell courses,
obtained from the design and test cases, IGNORING corrosion. The reasoning behind this setting
is that the entire shell course will not be completely corroded.
DESIGN - The wind girder computation routine uses the DESIGN thickness less any user
specified corrosion allowance.
Shell Settlement Method - Indicates which method should be used in computing the optimum
cosine curve for determining the out- of-plane shell deflection. The available methods are:
FOURIER SERIES - Implements the procedure outlined in the paper Simple Method Calculates
Tank Shell Distortion, by F. A. Koczwara, published in Hydrocarbon Processing, August 1980.
LEAST SQUARES - Employs a least squares approach to the solution of the optimum cosine
curve.
Thickness Roundup to Nearest - Specifies a thickness increment which is used to determine the
final value of the shell thicknesses. THE COMPUTED VALUE OF THICKNESS IS ROUNDED
UP TO THE NEAREST MULTIPLE OF THE INCREMENT. For example, if this directive is set to
0.125 (1/8 inch) and the computed shell course thickness is 0.2671 inches, the final value reported
will be 0.375 inches.
Setting this directive to 0.0 disables thickness round up and the computed values of shell
thickness are reported unaltered in the output.
Plate Material Density - Specifies the value to be used for the density of the plate materials. This
value is used to compute the weight of the shell, roof, and bottom plates.
Round Anchor Bolts By - Specifies how anchor bolts are selected by the program. By default,
the number of bolts will be a multiple of 4. However, by changing this directive any multiple can be
selected.
The value entered here must be a whole number, such as 2, 3, 4, and so on.
Wind Moment in Appendix F - Specifies which wind moment is to be used in the computations of
Appendix F. By default the program will use the moment computed from Section 5.9.7.1 in
Appendix F computations. However, if necessary, the wind moment computed from Section 5.11
can be used.
The wind pressure computed according to Section 5.9.7.1 (based on the wind velocity) is
used for the wind girder design; the wind pressure according to Section 5.11 is used for Over
Turning Stability. This directive only affects which wind moment is passed into Appendix F for the
allowed pressure in Section F.4.2.
Reload last file at startup - Enables the program to reload the last data file active during the last
TANK session. Clearing this directive causes the program to startup without data. In this condition,
the user must create a new input file or browse to open an existing input file.
Save to Program Directory - If cleared (the default condition), the configuration file is written to
the current data directory. Alternatively, selecting this option causes the configuration file to be
written to the program directory.
When a job file's input is saved, the current configuration is becomes a part of the input.
Subsequent changes to the configuration do not change an existing job unless the input is
resaved.
Different data directories can exist for different projects or clients. Each data directory can contain
its own configuration file, which may be unique. This allows the program to behave differently for
different projects or clients.
If a data directory does not contain a configuration file, the settings from the configuration file in the
program directory are used. Whenever the configuration module is invoked in a new data
directory, the starting settings are also acquired from the configuration file in the program
directory.
Quick Start
This section provides instructions on how to get TANK running without reading the entire manual.
It is assumed, that the program has been properly installed and configured. For more information,
see Installation (on page 11) and Program Configuration (on page 21).
Starting TANK
Start TANK by selecting TANK from the Start menu or the desktop icon. The main menu is the
control center from which jobs can be selected, defined, analyzed, and reviewed.
Use the Edit menu or the toolbar icons to specify or update the input. After the input has been
defined, it must be error checked. The error checker validates the data for numeric consistency
(such as diameters and thicknesses must be positive), and to enforce and API code requirements
(such as thicknesses cannot be less than the course above). If there are errors in the input data,
analysis is prohibited - you must correct these errors before proceeding. Warning messages are
acceptable to the program - you should ensure that warning messages are acceptable to the
current tank analysis. For more information on the error checker, see Error Checking (on page
83).
Assuming that error checking completed successfully, an intermediate data file is created for
analysis; and control is returned to the main menu. From here, select Analyze Only to start the
analysis module. The analysis module displays the program execution screen which monitors the
status of the solution. Upon completion of the analysis, a solution data file is created and control is
again returned to the main menu.
After a solution data file is available, you can select one of the Output menu options.
The analysis does not have to be re-run (unless the input data changes) prior to each
output review session. As long as the job input parameters remain fixed, the output module can be
launched as many times as required to interactively review the results or generate reports.
Error Check - Starts the error checker. TANK will not analyze a job until the input has been
successfully error checked. If the input data successfully passes the error checker, an analysis file
for the job is written, with a .TKE suffix. Details of the error checker can be found in Error Checking
(on page 83).
Analyze - Starts the solution module, which produces the output file for the job. The analysis
module performs the solution step, either designing a tank or re-rating a tank, based on your input
parameters.
The Analyze option is deactivated until the .TKE file is written by the error checker.
Configuration - Presents a tabbed dialog box which allows the alteration of computation
parameters and database directives. For details of the program configuration, see Program
Configuration (on page 21).
Custom Units - Starts a processor where existing units files can be reviewed or new unit files can
be created. The use of this processor is discussed later in this chapter.
Material Database Editor - Starts a processor which can be used to add materials to the current
TANK database. The use of this processor is discussed later in this chapter.
Batch Stream Processor - Displays a dialog where a number of jobs can be selected for
subsequent analysis. The use of this option is discussed later in this chapter.
File Review - Starts Notepad to review a selected data file. The file is created by a prior analysis.
There are three files which can be reviewed in this manner: the error check log file, the batch log
file, and the solution message file.
Error Check Log File - Contains a listing of the errors and warning messages generated during
the verification of the input data.
Batch Log File - Contains a record of the start and stop times of the various processors launched
during the solution of all job files selected for a multiple (batch stream) analysis.
Message File - Contains intermediate results and code data produced during the solution phase.
This information is useful in determining how certain values in the output were computed.
Calculator - Displays a calculator that you can use to perform mathematical computations.
CRC Check - Performs a CRC (cyclic redundancy check) on all of the program modules and data
files in the program directory. The computed CRC value for each file is compared against the one
computed by Intergraph and provided with the software. If the values do not match, then the file
has been corrupted in some manner. Corruption could indicate bad distribution media, a bad spot
on the hard disk where the software was installed, or a virus infection. If a CRC Check error
occurs, the offending file must be replaced for successful program operation.
the explanation of a particular error is required at a later time, this module can be launched
manually from the Diagnostic menu.
In addition to allowing basic access to the software, the ESL contains a set of memory registers in
which your information is stored. This information consists of the client name, and ID number, date
or run limits, versioning information, and the time stamp of the last access. This information can be
viewed by clicking View ESL Information, or by clicking the ESL icon.
horizontal row in the grid. When all codes have been entered, click OK to enable the changes to
the ESL. Use this option when you receive the reauthorization codes from Intergraph.
Help Topics -Starts the HTML help system, and places the user on the main control panel. This
HTML help system gives you access to all of the help topics, in a hierarchical structure. In some
instances, there may be links from one topic to another, giving the user added information on a
topic if all of the links are followed. Additionally, the help system includes tables and graphics
where appropriate. In order for the HTML help system to function, Microsoft's Internet Explorer
must be installed on the system.
On-Line Registration - Starts automatically after program installation. This automatic invocation
occurs once. After the first time, this menu option must be used to bring up the registration form.
After completing this form, click Send to transmit the data on the form to a web-based List Server.
Check for Updates - Provides access to the Intergraph web site to determine if there is a newer
update to the version of TANK currently in use. This option saves you from navigating through the
Intergraph web site to determine if an update is available. This option should be launched at least
once a month to ensure the software remains current. (An Internet connection is required to use
this option.)
About TANK - Displays a dialog box showing the current operating system, its version number,
the TANK version number, and the amount of memory installed.
TANK Input
The first step in the design or analysis of a tank is to generate an input file which describes the
characteristics of the tank. Each tank requires an input file, with a unique job name, for each
configuration to be studied. All of the tank particulars and descriptive information are stored in this
input file. The input file name consists of the job name as the prefix, followed by a “.TKI” suffix.
The input process can be started by selecting any option from the Input menu, or by clicking the
desired toolbar icons.
Activates the General Tank Data dialog. As mentioned above, data must be provided on
this dialog for every tank analyzed. This information consists of the diameter, the number
of courses, the course height, course thickness, course material, fluid depth, fluid specific
gravity, temperature, pressure, external loads, and the desired code. For more information,
see General Tank Data Dialog Box (on page 42).
Activates the Roof Specification Parameters dialog. This dialog provides for the input of
roof descriptive parameters. The computations that use this data can be found in API-650
Appendix F, and in the text by Brownell & Young. This dialog is an optional input,
depending on the tank. For more information, see Roof Specification Parameters Dialog
Box (on page 53).
Activates the Seismic Data Specifications dialog. This dialog is used to describe the
seismic parameters associated with the tank location. The computations that use this data
can be found in API-650 Appendix E. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the
tank. For more information, see Seismic Data Specifications Dialog Box (on page 63).
Activates the Grillage Review dialog. This dialog is used to specify the grillage
parameters. The specifics of this computation can be found in API-650 Appendix I, Section
I.7. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information, see
Grillage Review Dialog Box (on page 65).
Activates the Nozzle Stiffness dialog. This dialog allows the specification of up to fifteen
low nozzles on the tank. The computations that use this data can be found in API-650
Appendix P. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information,
see Nozzle Stiffness Dialog Box (on page 66).
Activates the Appendix M Cycle Life Data specification. This data is used in the
procedures outlined in API-650 Appendix M to determine the allowed number of “fill-empty”
cycles the tank can undergo without a detailed stress analysis. This dialog is an optional
input, depending on the tank. For more information, see Cycle Life Data Dialog Box (on
page 69).
Activates the Appendix V External Pressure dialog. This data is used to determine the
external pressure capacity of the tank. For more information, see API 650 External
Pressure (App V.) Dialog Box (on page 70).
Activates the Shell Settlement Data dialog. This data is used in the procedures outlined in
API-653 Appendix B to determine the maximum and allowed out-of-plane settlement of the
tank shell. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information,
see Shell Settlement Data (on page 71).
Activates the API-653 Service Measurement Data dialog. For more information, see
API-653 Service Measurement Data (on page 72).
Activates the API-2000 Venting Data dialog. This data is used to determine the necessary
venting for in-breathing, out-breathing, and fire. For more information, see API-2000
Venting Requirements Dialog Box (on page 76).
Activates the Tank Sizing/Costing Scratch-pad dialog. This Scratch-pad allows the user
to estimate tank sizes and plate costs for a range of tank dimensions. For more
information, see Tank Sizing / Costing Scratchpad (on page 78).
Launches the computation engine for the Tank Sizing/Costing Scratch-pad dialog. This
option is only active after data has been entered on the Scratch-pad.
Transfers the minimum cost tank (results) from the Scratch-pad, to the General Data
dialog. This serves as a good starting point for a tank design.
As with most software programs, there is an option to save the current state of the input data to a
file. With TANK, users can save the input by using the File menu, or by clicking the Diskette icon.
We suggest that the input be manually saved frequently during any extended editing session.
Beginning an analysis will also save the data (automatically), but it is always best to be on the safe
side and save the data yourself too.
The input for Default Shell Course Material is a general field, used as the default for all
individual shell courses. The […] button to the right of the input cell displays a context menu which
allows entry into the active Material Database or the manual modification of the properties for the
specified material. This context menu is shown below.
Alternatively, you can also click Tools > Configuration to select or change the active
database.
The material and its properties specified on the Shell Courses tab are used as default values for
all of the shell courses. You can use the options on this tab to change the material, if necessary,
on a course-by-course basis. The Shell Courses tab displays a grid where the height, thickness,
corrosion allowance, material name, material design stress, and material test stress can be
specified for each shell course.
The design and test stress values for the specified material are normally acquired from the
Material Database. Initially, all courses acquire the same material, as specified on the Tank
Data tab. However, as necessary, specific shell courses may be assigned a different material,
or the material for specific courses may be manually modified by the user. When you
right-click the Material cell, the software displays the Material context menu, as described
previously.
For carbon steels from Table 3-2, the program fills in the Sd and St values. For stainless
steels, the value used for Sd is unknown until run-time. Therefore, for stainless materials, the
allowable versus temperature table displays in the right-most grid columns of this dialog. For
stainless materials, the value of Sd (on this dialog) is shown as zero. The actual value used in
the calculations is reported in the output.
The Wind Details tab is used to define detailed wind parameters specific to ASCE #7. If these
times are not defined, TANK will use the recommended API 650 defaults.
ENTRY MEANING
To include the wind moment term, check this checkbox. To ignore the wind moment term (as in the
8th Edition), uncheck this checkbox.
Entire Shell Course Evaluation - As per API-653 Section 4.3.3.1, activate this button if the shell
thickness calculation is for the entire shell course. This selection uses equation 4.3.3.1.a, which
deducts 1-foot from the fluid height.
This deduction only occurs if the 1 foot method is in use.
Local Area Shell Only - As per API-653 Section 4.3.3.1, select this option if the shell thickness
calculation is for a local area of the shell course. This selection uses equation 4.3.3.1.b, which
does not deduct 1-foot from the fluid height.
If it is constant, the shell course height does not need to be specified for any course after the
first course.
If this cell is left blank, the software duplicates the shell course height to all required courses.
Thickness - Enter the thickness for the current shell course. If the purpose of this job is to design
the shell course thickness, then enter a good starting value (see API-650 5.6.1.1). If this cell is left
blank for the first course, the software will set the thickness according to API-650 Table 5.6.1.1.
If it is constant, the shell course height does not need to be specified for any course after the
first course.
If this cell is left blank, the software duplicates the shell course height to all required courses.
Corrosion Allowance - Enter the corrosion allowance to be considered in the thickness
evaluations for shell course #n.
If it is constant, the shell course height does not need to be specified for any course after the
first course.
If this cell is left blank, the software duplicates the shell course height to all required courses.
Material -
Design Stress - Represents the allowable design stress, referred to as Sd in the API code. This
value is automatically registered by the software if the material was selected from the database.
If necessary, the value of design allowable stress obtained from the database may be overridden
by entering a different value in this input field.
For stainless steels, this value will be displayed as zero, since a temperature versus
allowable table is used instead.
Hydro Test Stress - Represents the allowable test stress, referred to as St in the API code. This
value is automatically registered by the software if the material was selected from the database.
If necessary, the value of test allowable stress obtained from the database may be overridden by
entering a different value in this input field.
SSD1 through SSD5 - Represents the allowable stress for a stainless steel according to API-650
Appendix S, Table S-2. These values are used during the computation phase of the solution to
determine the actual Sd value.
For stainless steels, these values will be interpolated during the solution phase. For this reason,
the value of Sd (at the left) is displayed as zero.
0.5000 13
0.6250 11
0.7500 10
0.8750 9
1.0000 8
1.1250 7
1.2500 7
1.3750 6
1.5000 6
1.7500 5
2.0000 4.5
2.2500 4.5
2.5000 4
2.7500 4
3.0000 4
3.2500 4
3.5000 4
3.7500 4
4.0000 4
Bolt Allowable Stress - Prior to Addendum 3 of the 10th edition of API-650, the bolt allowable
stress was required input. As of this addendum, the bolt allowable is determined for various load
cases as specified in Section 5.12. As a result, this value is no longer used, but is maintained for
compatibility with older input files.
Number of Anchor Bolts - For evaluation of an existing anchorage, enter the number of anchor
bolts for evaluation of an existing anchorage. If the software redesigns the anchorage, the number
of bolts will be a multiple of the bolt increment specified in the configuration.
Bolt Yield Stress - Enter the yield stress of the anchor bolts for use in Section 5.12. This is a
required entry that is used in the event that the software must design an anchorage.
Bolt Offset from Mean Tank Diameter - Enter the offset from the mean tank diameter to the
anchor bolt circle. This value must be greater than zero for bolt circles outside the tank. If this
value is left blank, an offset of 0.0 is used.
The software internally multiplies this value by 2.0 before adding it to the tank diameter
value.
Anchor Bolt Corrosion Allowance - Enter the value of the corrosion allowance to be considered
when sizing the anchor bolts. API-650, Section F.7.4 requires a corrosion allowance of at least
0.25 inches.
If instead, a supported cone roof is to be designed, then the bottom half of General Root Specs
tab should be left blank. The data necessary for supported cone roof design should be specified
on Supported Cone Root Data tab. This tab, shown below, displays the parameters used in the
roof design.
Providing all of the data shown allows TANK to design a supported cone roof according to the
procedures outlined in the text by Brownell & Young. This includes positioning the girder rings
according to the maximum allowed rafter lengths. If however, alternate positioning is desired, the
design can be forced in a certain direction by specifying data on the Girder Rings tab.
Net Area at Roof/Shell Junction - Enter the area resisting the compressive force. For details,
refer to API-650 Figure F-2.
Thickness of Roof Plate - Enter the nominal thickness of the roof plates. This value should
include the corrosion allowance, if any.
Roof Plate Corrosion Allowance - Enter the corrosion allowance to be considered when
determining the weight of the roof plates for Appendix F and overturning computations. This value
will be subtracted from the nominal roof plate thickness.
Roof Live Load - Enter the value to be used in computing the load supported by the roof plates.
According to API-650 5.10.2.1, this value must be at least 20 pounds per square foot. The dead
load of the roof will be computed by the software and combined with the live load to determine the
total roof load.
Weight of Snow on Roof - Enter the total weight of any snow on the roof to be considered in
API-650 Appendix E computations for seismic checks.
If the supported cone roof design procedures are implemented, TANK will determine the
load applied to the roof internally. This value will not be used.
Weight of Roof Plates - Enter the total weight of the roof plates to be considered in API-650
Appendix E and Appendix F computations.
TANK will determine the weight of the roof plates internally. If the computed value is
greater than the input value specified here, or a supported cone roof is being designed, the
computed value will be used in subsequent calculations. If the input value is greater, it will be used
(unless a supported cone roof is being designed). For supported cone roofs, the computed roof
plate weight is always used.
Weight of Roof Framing - Enter the total weight of the roof framing to be considered in API-650
Appendix E and Appendix F computations.
If the supported cone roof design procedures are implemented, TANK will determine the
weight of the roof framing internally. This value will not be used.
% of Weights Supported by Shell - Enter the percentage of the roof and snow weights that are
to be considered as supported by the shell for API-650 Appendix E checks.
If the supported cone roof design procedures are implemented, TANK will determine the
% of weight supported by the shell internally. This value will not be used.
Scratchpad
The data entered here is not saved. This input area of the dialog is a scratchpad. After the
data has been defined, click Compute. The TANK input processor uses the specified data and
computes the net area at the roof –shell junction and updates this data field on the left-hand side
of the dialog box.
Figure (a-k) - Select the desired cross section, corresponding sketches “a” through “k” from
API-650 Figure F.2.
Thickness of Shell Plate (tc) - Since the analysis hasn’t been performed, an estimate of the
thickness of the top shell plate is required. Specify this estimate in the tc field. After the analysis,
the computed top course thickness should replace the estimate specified here so that the correct
area can be used in the roof calculations.
Thickness of Angle Leg (ta) - Specify the angle thickness if the selected sketch (a-k) includes an
angle.
Thickness of Bar (tb) - If the selected sketch (a-k) includes a bar, specify the bar thickness in this
field.
Thickness of thicker Plate (ts) - Specify the thickness if the selected sketch (a-k) includes a
thickened region of the top shell course.
Unstiffened Angle Length (Le) - Specify the un-stiffened angle leg if the selected sketch (a-k)
includes an angle.
Minimum Yield Strength (Fy) - Specify the minimum yield strength of all of the materials in the
selected sketch.
For the 1989 AISC library, valid types for this cell are: W, WT, S, C, DC, DI, and P. These
descriptors correspond to the following cross sections from AISC:
For the 1989 AISC library, valid types for this cell are: W, WT, S, C, DC, DI, and P. These
descriptors correspond to the following cross sections from AISC:
For the 1989 AISC library, valid types for this cell are: W, WT, S, C, DC, DI, and P. These
descriptors correspond to the following cross sections from AISC:
For the 1990 South African library, valid types for this cell are: IP, HP, CP, and CT. These
descriptors correspond to the following cross sections:
Spectral Acceleration Parameter at Any Period (Sa*) - Defines Sa*, which is the 5% damped,
design spectral response acceleration parameter at any period based on site-specific procedures,
%g.
The data acquired from this dialog box is used to implement the rules of API-650 Appendix P.
Whenever the tank temperature value in the General Tank Data dialog box (on page 42) is
changed, the Modulus of Elasticity and Expansion Coefficient values are automatically
updated. These values are obtained by interpolating the data provided in Table P-1 of
API-650.
If you check Use PVP-1279, TANK uses an alternate method to compute the nozzle
stiffnesses. This alternate procedure is detailed in PVP-1279 and is valid for smaller tanks.
Nozzle Designation / Number - Defines a descriptive tag or number of the current nozzle. This
cell is restricted to 4 characters and can contain letters and/or digits. Example entries for this cell
are listed as follows:
NZ1 NA0A
NZ2 PGLG
NZ3
Nozzle Height above Bottom Plate - Enter the height of the nozzle centerline above the bottom
plate.
Nozzle Outer Diameter - Enter the outer diameter of the nozzle.
Delta Temperature - Enter the difference between the normal operating temperature and the
installation temperature.
Modulus of Elasticity - Enter the modulus of elasticity. These values should be taken from
API-650 Table P-1, reproduced as follows:
70 29.5E6 -
200 28.8E6 6.67E-6
300 28.3E6 6.87E-6
400 27.7E6 7.07E-6
500 27.3E6 7.25E-6
The value of elastic modulus is automatically defined by the software when you change the design
temperature on the general spreadsheet. You can change this value, if necessary.
If the bottom shell course is specified as Stainless Steel, then the modulus value for Table P-1 is
not used. Instead, the modulus value is obtained from Table S-6: :
100. 28.0E6
200. 27.4E6
300. 26.6E6
400. 26.1E6
500. 25.2E6
Expansion Coefficient - Enter the value of the thermal expansion coefficient. These values
should be taken from API-650 Table P-1and are reproduced as follows:
70. 29.5E6 -
200. 28.8E6 6.67E-6
300. 28.3E6 6.87E-6
400. 27.7E6 7.07E-6
500. 27.3E6 7.25E-6
20. 203000 -
90. 199000 12.0
150. 195000 12.4
200. 191000 12.7
260. 188000 13.1
The value of expansion coefficient is automatically defined by the software (using internal,
English, units) when you change the design temperature on the general spreadsheet. You can
change this value, if necessary.
Reinforcement on Shell or Nozzle? - Indicates where the nozzle reinforcement is located. This
entry is used to interpolate among the charts in API-650 Appendix P. If reinforcing on the shell is
indicated, Appendix P makes the following assumptions:
The reinforcing pad thickness is equal to the shell thickness.
The pad diameter is twice the nozzle diameter.
These assumptions are implicit in the curves presented in Appendix P and are automatically
considered by the software.
Nozzle RePad Thickness - Defines the thickness of the nozzle reinforcing pad if it exists and
whether it should be considered in the computations.
API-650 Appendix P offers no guidance on how reinforcing pads should be handled.
If you specify a pad thickness, it will be used to increase the thickness of the tank shell in all
Appendix P computations.
Nozzle Weight - Enter the weight of this nozzle. The value you enter will be used in all weight
computations involving the shell.
Applied External Radial Force - Enter the value of any applied radial force, acting on the nozzle.
The value you enter will be used in plotting the interaction diagram of Appendix P.
Applied External Circumferential Moment - Enter the value of any applied external
circumferential moment acting on the nozzle. The value you enter will be used in plotting the
interaction diagram of Appendix P.
Applied External Longitudinal Moment - Enter the value of any applied external longitudinal
moment acting on the nozzle. The value you enter will be used in plotting the interaction diagram
of Appendix P.
Use PVP-1279 - Enabling this option allows TANK to utilize an alternate method to compute
nozzle stiffnesses. This alternate method is based on PVP (Pressure Vessel and Piping) paper
1279 - Stiffness Coefficients for Nozzles in API-650 Tanks, by Lengsfeld, Bardia, Taagepera,
Hathaitham, LaBounty, and Lengsfeld.
This alternate method is based on the finite element analysis of a number of tanks, resulting in
alternate curves and equations for the determination of tank nozzle stiffnesses.
Nozzle Thickness for PVP-1279 - A value defined in PVP-1279, but not actually used in the
computations.
RePad Outer Diameter for PVP-1279 - The outside diameter of the nozzle reinforcing pad, if any.
This value is used to determine the vertical distance from the nozzle centerline to the point where
the tank bottom has no influence on nozzle stiffness.
Bottom Plate Thickness (Tb) - Enter the thickness of the bottom plate.
Smallest Allowable Tensile Stress (f) - Define the Minimum Allowable Tensile Stress - f, of the
roof plate material, the shell plate material, and the stiffener ring material at the maximum
operating temperature.
Roof Dish Radius (R) - Define the Dish Radius of Roof - R. This value is only needed for Dome
and Umbrella roofs.
The code limits the spacing between these measurement points (around the circumference of
the tank) to 32 feet / 9.8 m. Prior to API-653 2nd Edition Addendum 2, this limit was 30 feet /
9.1m.
Too many points may lead to an over conservative determination of the out-of-plane deflection
limit. Addendum 3 to the 9th Edition of API-653 suggests computing the deflection limit using
points spaced at approximately 30 foot / 9.1m intervals. Additional details on this subject can
be found in Out of Plane Settlement of Cylindrical Tanks by Erdmann and Yeigh, Hydrocarbon
Engineering, May 1999 and the text by Phil Meyers, Above Ground Storage Tanks.
Elevation - Enter the elevation of the shell bottom at this measurement point on the
circumference of the tank.
Figure 38: Bottom Post 3rd Edition Tab (653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box)
Minimum remaining thickness from bottom side corrosion after repairs (RTbc) - As per
API-653 Section 4.4.7.1, enter the value of the minimum remaining thickness from the bottom side
corrosion, after repairs.
Minimum remaining thickness from internal corrosion after repairs (RTip) - As per API-653
Section 4.4.7.1, enter the value of the minimum remaining thickness from internal corrosion, after
repairs.
Anticipated In-Service Period of Operation (Or) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the
value of the anticipated in-service period of operation (normally 10 years).
Maximum rate of corrosion not repaired on the top side (StPr) - As per API-653 Section
2.4.7.1, enter the value of the maximum internal pitting rate, on a yearly basis. If the tank bottom is
internally lined (per API RP 652), this value should be specified as 0.0.
Maximum Undesirable Pitting Rate (UPr) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of
the maximum underside pitting rate, on a yearly basis. If the tank bottom is cathodically protected
(per API RP 651), then this value should be specified as 0.0.
Figure 39: Bottom Pre 3rd Edition Tab (653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box)
All values to be entered on this dialog box are defined, and include the corresponding code
nomenclature (from earlier editions of the code). This dialog box is included to maintain
backwards compatibility with previous versions of TANK and earlier editions of the code.
Average Depth of Internal Pitting (StPa) - Enter the average depth of the internal pitting of the
bottom plates. This value is measured from the original thickness.
Maximum Depth of Underside Pitting (UPm) - Enter the maximum depth of underside pitting of
the bottom plates.
Average Depth of Underside Pitting (UPa) - Enter the average depth of underside pitting of the
bottom plates.
Original Plate Thickness (To) - Enter the original thickness of the bottom plates. This value
should correspond to the bottom plate thickness entered on the Seismic Data Specifications
dialog box (on page 63) and the Grillage Review dialog box (on page 65), if specified.
Average Depth of Generally Corroded Area (GCa) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the
value of the average depth of the generally corroded area, (GCa).
Maximum Rate of General Corrosion (GCr) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of
the maximum rate of general corrosion, on a yearly basis.
Max Depth Internal Pitting After Repair (StPm) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the
value of the maximum depth of internal pitting remaining in the bottom plates after repairs are
completed.
This value is measured from the original thickness.
Maximum Internal Pitting Rate ( StPr) - Enter the maximum rate of corrosion not repaired in top
side (StPr). StPr = 0 for coated areas of the bottom. The expected life of the coating must equal
r
or exceed O to use StPr = 0.
Maximum rate of corrosion on the bottom side (UPr) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter
the value of the maximum underside pitting rate, on a yearly basis. If the tank bottom is
cathodically protected (per API RP 651) this value should be specified as 0.0.
Anticipated In-Service Period of Operation (Or) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the
value of the anticipated in-service period of operation (normally 10 years).
Enabled Allows the software to use the user-specified values of the location of "L" to
be used in determining the height to the maximum design liquid level. When
this box is checked, the height value is computed according to API-653
Section 2.3.3.1.
Disabled Causes subsequent computations to ignore the user input values of the
location of "L". The thickness computations use a height value measured
from the bottom of each course, which produces more conservative (thicker)
thicknesses.
Use specified shell "E" values? - This check box is used to indicate whether or not the user
specified values of individual course joint efficiencies will be used in subsequent computations.
Enabled Allows the software to utilize the individual joint efficiencies for each
course in any subsequent computations. This may be useful if additional
inspections and radiography are performed.
Disabled Causes the software to ignore the specified values of individual course
joint efficiencies. Instead, the computations are made using the joint
efficiency specified on the General Tank Data dialog box.
Use specified shel "t1/t2" values? - This check box is used to indicate whether or not the user
specified values of individual course thicknesses of t1 and t2 should be used in subsequent
computations.
Enabled Allows the software to perform the thickness checks per API-653
2.3.3.1. Values of t1 or t2 left blank will assume the thickness
specified on the General Tank Data dialog box.
Disabled Prevents the software from performing the thickness checks of
API-653 2.3.3.1.
Bottom Shell Course as Constructed - Enter in this cell the original thickness of the bottom shell
course. This value is used to determine the minimum thickness of the annular base plate, as per
API-653 Table 2- 3.
Emptying Rate - Enter the maximum emptying rate (volume per hour) of liquid from the tank. For
more information, see API-2000 Section 4.3.2.1.1.
Filling Rate - Enter the maximum filling rate (volume per hour) of liquid from the tank. For more
information, see API-2000 Section 4.3.2.2.1.
Liquid Flash Point - Enter the temperature of the liquid's flash point.
Boiling Point - Enter the temperature of the liquid's boiling point.
Environmental Factor - Enter the environmental factor according to Table 4A of API- 2000.
English Units:
Configuration Conductance Insulation F Factor
2
(BTU/hr ft F) Thickness (in)
Bare metal tank --- 0 1.0
Insulated tank 4.0 1 0.3
Insulated tank 2.0 2 0.15
Insulated tank 1.0 4 0.075
Insulated tank 0.67 6 0.05
Insulated tank 0.50 8 0.375
Insulated tank 0.40 10 0.300
Insulated tank 0.33 12 0.025
Concrete or Fireproofing --- --- see note C
Water-application facilities --- --- 1.0
Depressuring and emptying --- --- 1.0
Underground Storage --- --- 0.0
Earth-covered storage above --- --- 0.03
Grade
Impoundment away from tank --- --- 0.5
Metric Units:
Configuration Conductance Insulation F Factor
2
(Watts/m K) Thickness (cm)
Bare metal tank --- 0 1.0
Insulated tank 22.7 2.5 0.3
Insulated tank 11.4 5 0.15
Insulated tank 5.7 10 0.075
Insulated tank 3.8 15 0.05
Insulated tank 2.8 20 0.375
Insulated tank 2.3 25 0.300
After the necessary data is specified, you can select Input > Calculate to initiate the
computations.
Alternatively, you can also use Scratchpad Calculator on the toolbar. Both options
are enabled as soon as data is entered on the scratchpad.
The scratchpad computes a total of eight tanks: four for a diameter range, and four for a height
range. The results of each range are presented in the list box below the input definition.
The diameter range is independent of the height range. Four values of diameter between
the minimum and maximum values are determined. The necessary height to achieve the required
volume is then determined, exclusive of the height range.
Error Checking
The normal chain of events requires that the Error Checker validate the input data before the
analysis phase is allowed to begin. The Error Checker is a separate module that is designed to
prevent illegal or illogical data from being passed to the analysis program. The tasks performed
involve checking for negative values where only positive values are allowed, ensuring that the
corrosion allowance does not drive the thickness to zero, as well as API code restrictions.
The Error Checker can produce two types of diagnostic messages, errors and warnings. A
warning message indicates that the program discovered something in the input data that the
analyst should be made aware of.
The second type of diagnostic message that can be produced is an error message. An error
message indicates a problem with the input severe enough to prevent the analysis from
completing.
Prints the last error message displayed in the list box. Error checking will resume when you
click Continue.
Prints all error messages from this point forward.
Restarts the error check process from the beginning.
Disables the display of warnings and notes and only displays error messages after this
button is activated. After each error message is displayed, error checking will resume only
when you click Continue.
Disables the further display of the current message. This option is useful when a number of
identical errors or warnings are displayed. In this case, it is not necessary to review each
message.
Each time a message displays in the list box, the procedure halts until you click Continue. This
gives you time to review the message. If it is necessary to abort the error check phase and return
to the Main menu, click File > Exit.
Analysis/Solution Phase
The design or analysis of the tank data occurs in the solution module. This module cannot be
accessed unless the input data has been successfully error checked. After the solution module
has been launched, the Analysis Monitoring dialog box displays.
After successfully completing, the analysis module creates the .TKO file. This file contains the
solution data in binary format. The TKO file is used by subsequent modules to formulate and
generate the various reports and graphics.
Occasionally you may want to know how an iteration proceeded or the results of an intermediate
computation. The message file (TXT) serves to answer these queries. As important milestones in
the analysis are reached, newly computed data is labeled and written to the message file.
The message file is useful in the event that a fatal error is encountered and a program abort
occurs. In this instance, a diagnostic message is presented to the user, control is returned to the
Main menu, and no output (TKO) file exists. Because there is no TKO file, entry into the output
processor is not allowed. In this instance, the message file can be very helpful. In addition to
intermediate and partial solution data, some reasons for program aborts may be found in this file.
The message file is a standard ASCII text file which can be viewed with a variety of editors, or
printed to the system printer. The user may also access the message file from the Tools menu.
It is important to note that generation of the message file by the solution module only takes place
if the current configuration allows. Generation of the message file can be controlled from the
Computation Options tab of the configuration module. Refer to the Program Configuration (on
page 21) section for additional details.
Solution Overview
The major steps performed in the solution phase are discussed in this section. Refer to codes
API-650 and API-653 for additional details.
1. Wind effect - The specified wind speed is used to determine the applied wind pressure, the
velocity factory, and the overturning moment. These values are used later in the computations
for the wind girders and Appendix F considerations.
2. Allowable stresses for both the design and test cases - The material control routine
includes considerations for reductions due to temperature from Appendix M and if necessary
Appendix S and API-653 Section 2 requirements. The allowables for each shell course are
determined individually based on the specified course materials.
3. Required shell course thicknesses - This thickness is based on the specified design
method, either one-foot, variable point, or Appendix A. The appropriate sections of the code
are implemented using the material properties to determine the thicknesses for each course
for the design and test cases. Each thickness computation is then followed by a check of
API-650 Section 5.6.1.1 to insure that the minimum thickness requirements of the code are
met. If the input indicates that the program is to operate in analysis mode to rate an existing
tank, the design and test thicknesses just computed are replaced with the users input
thicknesses for subsequent computations. A note to this effect appears in the output below
the thickness table when required.
4. Allowed fluid heights - This procedure involves the use of the same code sections used in
the thickness determination. In the case of the variable point method, this is an iterative
process.
5. Shell weight and center of gravity - The weight/center of gravity routine compares the
computed shell weight with that specified by the user, and selects the maximum of the two for
subsequent computations in Appendix E.
6. Overturning stability - This value is checked according to Section 5.11.
7. Wind girder requirements - The number of girders, their section moduli, and their locations
are determined according to API-650 Section 5.9. Wind girder detail and size is then selected
from API-650 Table 5-22.
This concludes the general computations performed for each tank input data set. All subsequent
computations are optional depending on user specification.
Roof Data - If the roof data has been specified, the program will now evaluate, analyze, or
design the roof. Roof evaluation involves weight summations, required thicknesses and net
areas according to API-650 Sections 5.10.5 or 5.10.6. The analysis or design of a supported
cone roof applies the procedures outlined in Brownell & Young. Following the roof design,
the Section 5.10.3 checks are implemented.
API-650 Appendix F requirements - After the actual roof computations are completed, the
API-650 Appendix F requirements are evaluated.
Also note that the roof weights computed from a design are used in subsequent (seismic)
computations.
Seismic requirements of API-650 Appendix E - The guidelines of this appendix are applied
to the tank in three conditions; design, test, and empty.
Nozzle flexibility calculations as outlined in API-650 Appendix P - This appendix also
offers guidelines on the maximum allowed nozzle loads. The program can determine the
flexibilities and limiting loads on up to fifteen nozzles for all three sets of shell course
thicknesses (design, test, and user input).
Grillage computations - These computations conform to the rules of API-650 Appendix I,
Section 7.
Settlement limits as set forth in API-653 Appendix B - These computations use an iterative
procedure to determine the optimum cosine curve which most closely represents the user's
measured values of shell settlement. After the cosine curve is known, the out-of-plane
settlement and out-of-plane deflection can be determined.
Service/maintenance computations - These computations are based on API-653 Section 2.
API-2000 Venting calculations.
After all sizing, roof, and seismic computations have been completed, the evaluation for the
permitted cycle life according to Appendix M, Section M.4 begins.
Following the cycle life calculations, the bolting requirements are checked. This procedure
evaluates each of the load cases defined in Section 5.12 and determines, if necessary, the
required number of bolts and the bolt size. A second pass is then made to determine the
governing condition and to report a single bolt size and quantity, with the corresponding stress for
each load case.
The resulting sketches also plot the interaction point, as an asterisk. The location of this point is
plotted on the interaction diagram using the input values of applied piping loads. If the piping loads
are not specified, the interaction point plots at the origin.
The next section includes the annular base plate thickness and width, the weight of the shell, and
the center of gravity of the shell.
The next section details the results of the "wind overturning stability check", based on API-650
Section 5.11.
The next section of this report details the results of the wind girder computations. This includes the
required section modulus for both the top and intermediate wind girders, as well as the maximum
height of the unstiffened shell. Following this information is a table showing the wind girder
requirements as a result of the transformed section method. For each wind girder required, the
geometry detail and angle size are also reported. If Detail e is required, the b dimension is also
included in the report.
The final section of this report presents a weight summary of the various tank components.
Roof Evaluation
The roof evaluation report details the results of the design or analysis of supported cone roofs, and
the results of the computations made according to the rules of API-650 Appendix F. The roof
report begins with the required thickness and actual weight of the roof plates, and the design roof
load.
If a supported cone roof was designed or analyzed, the resulting structural member sizes and
loads are reported next. This information begins with the number of girder rings, the radius to
each girder ring, and the number and length of the girders in each ring. This report is shown below.
The next section of the (supported cone roof) report details the rafter and girder sizing parameters.
This information includes the unit load on the member, the selected cross section, the required
section modulus, and the actual section modulus. This information is provided for each rafter and
girder ring, and is shown below.
The next section of the (supported cone roof) report details the column sizing parameters. This
information begins with the column load, height, allowable compressive stress, and required
radius of gyration. This is followed by the selected cross section, the actual compressive stress,
and the actual radii of gyration. This information is shown below.
Following the column sizing details is the summary of the checks made according to Section
5.10.3. These checks determine the acceptability of the structural elements based on allowable
stresses and unbraced lengths.
Settlement Checks
The settlement check report details the results of the computations made according to the rules of
API-653 Appendix B. This report provides the maximum allowed out-of-plane deflection and a
table showing the out-of-plane settlement at each of the measurement points.
This table also includes the settlement measurements, the optimum cosine curve through these
measured points, the out-of-plane settlement, and the out-of-plane deflection.
Examples
This chapter discusses several example jobs that illustrate the proper definition of input data and
present solutions to some of the examples found in the code.
In This Section
Example Problem APP_K ........................................................... 117
Example Problem O_WC ............................................................ 117
Example Problem A_WC ............................................................ 117
Example Problem KOCZWARA .................................................. 118
Example Problem B&Y ............................................................... 118
Example Problem SSTEST1 ....................................................... 118
Example Problem TEST1............................................................ 118
Example Problem SSC1 ............................................................. 118
Example Problem APP_P ........................................................... 118
Example Problem EXTERN01 .................................................... 118
Example Problem SEIS01 ........................................................... 119
Main Set
APIOUT.EXE - Output preprocessor
APISOLV.EXE - Solution module
COADEXE.EXE - EXE file scanner
CRCCHK.EXE - CRC check program
MAKEUNIT.EXE - Units generation module
MATEDIT.EXE - Material database editor
OUTPUT.EXE - Output report review processor
TANK.EXE- Main program
TKERCK.EXE - Error check module
OUTWORD.DLL - Support dll
* ASTM Standards
A-283
A-285
A-131,A
A-131,B
A-131,CS
A-36
A-131,EH36
A-573,58
A-573,65
A-573,705
A-516,55
A-516,60
A-516,65
A-516,70
A-662,B
A-662,C
A-537,1
A-537,2
A-633,C
A-633,D
A-678,A
A-678,B
A-737,B
A-841
* CSA Standards
G40.21 38W
G40.21 38WT
G40.21 44W
G40.21 44WT
G40.21 50W
G40.21 50WT
* National Standards
NS,235
NS,250
NS,275
* ISO 630
E-275t,C C
E-275,C C
E-275t,D D
E-275,D D
E-355,C C
E-355t,C C
E-355,D D
E-355t,D D
API-650 Changes:
The material database has been updated to reflect the changes to Table 3-2. This involved
removing both A442 materials.
Appendix F no longer forces a redesign utilizing Appendix A.
Appendix I changed the equation for the maximum deflection by raising a term in the
denominator to the 3rd power.
Section 3.4.2 has been incorporated, which insures that the bottom plate diameter is at least D
+ 2 inches.
A modification has been made to the implementation of Section 3.5.2, to include the bottom
shell course thickness.
Allowances have been made to enable metric jobs to utilize 6 mm plate as the minimum
thickness instead of 0.25 inch plate.
API-653 Changes:
The equations for determining the allowable stress have been modified as per the recent
addendum.
Incorporated a recent Code Interpretation stating that the Appendix M reduction factor should
be applied to both terms in the allowable stress determination.
Modified the basic thickness equation in accordance with the recent addendum (it no longer
subtracts 1 foot from the fluid height).
Incorporated the new computations for the allowed hydrotest height.
Modified the allowed settlement measurement points from 30 ft to 32 ft around the
circumference, in accordance with the recent addendum.
* C
* ASTM Standards • 127 Can Builds Be Applied to Any Version? • 18
* CSA Standards • 128 carbon steels • 42
* Duplex Stainless Steels (Temperature Completing the Error Check Phase • 85
Dependent) • 129 computation control • 22
* ISO 630 • 128 Computation Control Tab (Configuration
* National Standards • 128 Dialog Box) • 22
* Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependant) • configuration • 21
128 configuration file • 21
* Unknown For API-653 • 129 cost • 78
CRC Check • 32
A current codes • 10
Cycle Life Data Dialog Box • 69
allowable stresses • 88
Analysis/Solution Phase • 87
anchor bolt • 63 D
Anchor Bolt Details Tab (General Tank Data Database Definitions Tab (Configuration
Dialog Box) • 51 Dialog Box) • 24
Announcing Builds • 18 Detecting/Checking Builds • 19
API 650 External Pressure (App V.) Dialog diagnostic message • 87
Box • 70 diagnostics • 9
API Data Set • 122 Diagnostics Menu • 32
API-2000 • 39 DLL files • 32
API-2000 Venting Output • 112 DLL Version Checker • 32
API-2000 Venting Requirements Dialog Box •
76 E
API-650 Bolting Report • 113
API-650 Cycle Life Output • 114 earthquake data • 63
API-650 External Pressure Output • 115 English Text Set • 122
API-653 Service Measurement Data • 72 Error Checker • 30, 83
Appendix A - Program File List • 121 Error Checker LOG File • 102
Appendix B - Standard Units Systems • 125 Error Checking • 9, 83
Appendix C - List of Materials • 127 error detection • 9
Appendix D - Default Configuration Directives error message • 83
• 131 Error Review Module • 32
Appendix E - Revision History • 133 ESL fax update • 34
Appendix F - Selected References • 139 ESL Installation on a Network • 17
Archiving and Reinstalling an Old, Patched ESL Menu • 34
Version • 20 ESL phone update • 34
Example Problem A_WC • 117
Example Problem APP_K • 117
B Example Problem APP_P • 118
batch stream processor • 31 Example Problem B&Y • 118
Bottom Post 3rd Ed. Tab (653 Service Example Problem EXTERN01 • 118
Measurement Data Dialog Box) • 72 Example Problem KOCZWARA • 118
Bottom Pre 3rd Edition Tab (653 Service Example Problem O_WC • 117
Measurement Data Dialog Box) • 73 Example Problem SEIS01 • 119
Build Version Checker • 32 Example Problem SSC1 • 118
Example Problem SSTEST1 • 118
F N
fluid heights • 88 nozzle flexibility • 88
Nozzle Flexibility & Load Results • 110
G nozzle interaction diagrams • 94
Nozzle Interaction Diagrams • 94
General Roof Specs Tab (Roof Specification Nozzle Stiffness Dialog Box • 66
Parameters Dialog Box) • 55
General Tank Data Dialog Box • 42
Girder Rings Tab (Roof Specification O
Parameters Dialog Box) • 63 Obtaining Builds • 18
grillage • 65 optimum cosine curve • 88
Grillage Review Dialog Box • 65 Output Report Discussions • 100
Output Report Generation • 99
H output reports • 99
Hardware/Software Requirements • 12
Help • 8 P
Help & Error Processing Set • 121 Program Capabilities • 10
help system • 8 Program Configuration • 21
HTML help system • 36 program files • 87, 121
program interface • 8
I Program Interface Generalities • 8
Program Support • 18
Identifying Builds • 18
In-Field Computations • 9
input calculator • 9 Q
input file • 39 Quick Start • 25
Input Menu • 39
Installation • 11 R
Installing Builds • 19
Installing TANK • 12 registration • 36
Installing TANK in Silent Mode • 16 roof • 53
Introduction • 7 roof data • 53
roof evaluation • 105
Roof Evaluation • 105
J roof sketch • 97
Job Title Page • 100 Roof Specification Parameters Dialog Box •
53
L
Local Graphics Output • 91 S
scratchpad • 78
M seismic • 88
Seismic Analysis Results • 109
Main Menu • 27 seismic data • 63
Main Set • 121 Seismic Data Specifications Dialog Box • 63
Manual Shell Course Specification Tab Seismic Data Tab (Seismic Data
(API-653 Service Measurement Data Specifications Dialog Box) • 64
Dialog Box) • 75 settlement • 88
material data base editor • 31 Settlement Checks • 111
material database • 42 settlement dialog • 71
U
units • 42, 99, 125
Units • 9
units files • 24, 31
units system • 9
User Input Data • 101
Using the Main Menu • 27
Utilities menu • 87