URBAN DESIGN Ar.

AYAZ AHMAD
KHAN
TOWN PLANNING-I ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
BAR 804 INVERTIS UNIVERSITY
Contents
What we will learn

1. Urban Design
2. Difference between
Architecture, Urban Design
& Urban Planning.
3. Elements of Urban Design
4. Principles of Urban Design
5. Case Study
 What is Urban Design ?
• Urban design is the process of designing and shaping cities, towns and villages.
• In contrast to architecture, which focuses on the design of individual buildings, urban
design deals with the larger scale of groups of buildings, streets and public spaces, whole
neighbourhoods and districts, and entire cities, with the goal of making urban areas
functional, attractive, and sustainable
• Urban design is concerned with the arrangement, appearance and function of our suburbs, towns
and cities.
• It is both a process and an outcome of creating localities in which people live, engage with each
other, and engage with the physical place around them.
• Itinvolves the design and coordination of all that makes up cities and towns.
 What is Urban Design ?
• Urban design involves the arrangement and design of buildings, public spaces, transport
systems, services, and amenities. Urban design is the process of giving form, shape, and
character to groups of buildings, to whole neighbourhoods, and the city.
• Urban design is about making connections between people and places, movement and
urban form, nature and the built fabric. Urban design draws together the many strands of
place-making, environmental stewardship, social equity and economic viability into the
creation of places with distinct beauty and identity.
Architecture

Urban Design

Urban Planning
Architecture Urban Design Urban
Planning
“Architecture isn’t just the reflection of the state of society, it’s the
reflection of the mind”
Architecture
The art or practice of
designing & constructing
buildings
THE 3 FS OF
ARCHITECTURE
Function:
Fundamentally to provide shelter

Form:
An art that is appreciated by many
its beauty.

Firmness:
Stability of structure
Urban
Design
The design of Functionality of
spaces between buildings &
structures
URBAN DESIGN?
• Art of Making Places for People
• Human Interaction with the
environment
• Involves places such as Squares, Piazza, Streets, Pedestrian
“A street is a spatial entity and not the residue between buildings.”
– Anonymous
URBAN PLANNING
The Design & Organisation Of
Urban Space & Infrastructure
 WHAT’S UP?
TAKING A LOOK AT URBAN
PLANNING

• Layout of neighbourhoods, cities

and regions

• Fulfilling needs of community

& economy
“If you can tell a man by his shoes, you can tell a city by its pavements”
- Rowan Moore
 Architecture Urban Design Urban Planning
Scale Individual building Spaces between Whole
buildings: street, park, neighbourhoods,
transit stop districts & cities

Orientation Aesthetic and functional Aesthetic and functional Utility

Treatmen 2D & 3D 3D Predominantly 2D

t of
space
Time frame No definite time frame Short Term (<5 years) Long Term (5 to 20years)
 ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN

• BUILDINGS

• PUBLIC
SPACES

• STREETS

• TRANSPORT

• LANDSCAPE
#ELEMENTSOFURBANDESIGN

BUILDINGS
#ELEMENTSOFURBANDESIGN

BUILDINGS

Buildings are the most

pronounced elements of
urban design
BUILDINGS
they shape and articulate space by
forming the street walls of the city.

Well-designed buildings and groups of buildings work

together to create a sense of place.
RESIDENTIAL Bldgs.
these are structures where people dwell.
COMMMERCIAL BLDGS.
INSTITUTIONAL BLDG.
EDUCATIONAL BLDG.
GOVERNMENT bldg.
INDUSTRIAL BLDG.
 #ELEMENTSOFURBANDESIGN

PUBLIC SPACES
 #ELEMENTSOFURBANDESIGN

PUBLIC SPACES

Great public spaces are the living room

of the city - the place where people
come together to enjoy the city and each
other.
PUBLIC SPACES

 Public spaces make high quality life in the city possible - they
form the stage and backdrop to the drama oflife.

 Public spaces range from grand central plazas and squares, to

small, local neighborhood parks.
 ST. PETERSQUARE
Located directly in front of St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican
City.
 TIMES SQUARE
New York’s famous city square, Times Square is
located at the junction of Broadway and Seventh
Avenue and stretching from West 42nd to West 47th
Streets.
PLAZA MAYOR
The best known plaza in Madrid, Spain, this
impressive city square is one of the main stops on
any tourist visit.
MANILA BAYWALK
Located at Roxas Boulevard, this baywalk
catches the beautiful view of the sunset.
 STREETS
#ELEMENTSOFURBANDESIGN
#ELEMENTSOFURBANDESIGN

STREETS
These are the connections between
spaces and places, as well as being
spaces themselves.

They are defined by their physical dimension

and character as well as the size, scale, and
character of the buildings that linethem.
 STREETS

The pattern of the street network is part

of what defines a city and what makes
each city unique.
STREETS
EXAMPLES

Main street
It is usually a focal point for shops and retailers in the central business district, and is
most often used in reference to retailing and socializing.

The term is commonly used in Scotland and the United States, and less often in
Canada, Australia and Ireland.
STREETS
EXAMPLES

HIGH street
Frequently used for the street name of the primary business street of towns or
cities, especially in the United Kingdom.
STREETS
EXAMPLES

FORE street
Often used for the main STREET of a town or village. Usage is almost entirely confined
to the SOUTH WEST OF ENGLND. There is also a Fore Street in PORTLAND,
UNITED STATES, presumably named by colonists from SW England.
STREETS
EXAMPLES

OVERPASS
In many countries including India, an overpass is normally a bridge for
motor vehicles to pass over other road or rail traffic.
STREETS
EXAMPLES

OVERPASS
It would introduce confusion to call a pedestrian bridge or
footbridge an overpass.
STREETS
EXAMPLES

ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF OVERPASS

STREETS
EXAMPLES

SKYWAY

Skyway is usually used in the US for long or high bridges for traffic.
 STREETS
EXAMPLES

SKYWAY
Example of skyway
A controlled-access highway is a type of highway which has been designed for high-speed vehicular
traffic
STREETS
EXAMPLES

freeway
Is a type of highway
which has been
designed for high-
speed vehicular traffic
freeway
BOULEVARD
a type of large ROAD, usually running through a city.
STREETS

BOULEVARD
STREETS

avenue
is traditionally a straight route with a line of trees or large shrubs running e
along
STREETS

ESPLANADE

An esplanade is a long, open, level area, usually next to a river or large body of water,
where people may walk.

In NORTH AftERICA, an esplanade may often refer to a MEDIAN or the strip of

raised land dividing a roadway or boulevard.
STREETS

alley a narrow passageway between or behind

buildings.
alley
A narrow street between the fronts of houses or
businesses. This type of alley is found in the older parts of
many cities,
alley It can refer to a narrow, usually paved, pedestrian path,
often
between the walls of buildings in towns and cities.
#ELEMENTSOFURBANDESIGN

TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT
 Transport systems connect the parts of cities and help shape them, and
enable movement throughout the city.

 They include road, rail, bicycle, and pedestrian networks, and together
form the total movement system of a city.
TRANSPORT
The balance of these various transport systems is what helps
define the quality and character of cities, and makes them either
friendly or hostile to pedestrians.
 TRANSPORT
The best cities are the ones that elevate the
experience of the pedestrian while minimizing the
dominance of the private automobile.
Train
A train is a form of rail transport consisting of a series of vehicles that usually
runs along a rail track to transport cargo or passengers although magnetic
levitation trains that float above the track exist too.
Train station
 Bus
A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry many passengers. Buses have utilitarian
fittings designed for efficient movement of large numbers of people, and often have
multiple doors
Bus station
Bus station
taxi
A taxi is an automobile that carries passengers for a fare usually determined
by the
distance
traveled
 Tricycle (TIRRI)
a tricycle is a public utility vehicle consisting of a motorcycle and an
passenger
attached
sidecar
PRIVATE AUTOMOBILES
BICYCLE
BICYCLE lane
sidewalks
Sidewalks are also considered transport since it allows pedestrian to go to
other places.
 LANDSCAPE
#ELEMENTSOFURBANDESIGN
#ELEMENTSOFURBANDESIGN

LANDSCAPE
It is the green part of the city that
weaves throughout, in the form of
urban parks, street trees, plants,
flowers, and water in many forms.
LANDSCAPE

The landscape helps define

the character and beauty of
a city and creates soft,
contrasting spaces and
elements.

Green spaces in cities range from grand parks to small intimate

pocket parks.
CENTRAL PARK
 STREETS

POCKET PARK
It is a small park accessible to the general public. Pocket parks are
frequently created on a single vacant building lot or on small, irregular
pieces of land. They also may be created as a component of the public
space requirement of large building projects.
 STREETS

Trees along boulevard

 STREETS

Planters along the sidewalk

STREETS

walkways
RECAP

ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN

 BUILDINGS

 PUBLIC SPACES

 STREETS

 TRANSPORT

 LANDSCAPE
 PRINCIPLES OF URBAN DESIGN

• CHARACTER

• CONTINUITY &
ENCLOSURE

• PUBLIC REALM

• EASE OF MOVEMENT

• LEGIBILITY

• ADAPTABILITY

• DIVERSITY
 CHARACTER A PLACE WITH ITS OWN IDENTITY, TO PROMOTE CHARACTER IN
TOWNSCAPE & LANDSCAPE BY RESPONDING TO AND REINFORCING LOCALLY DISTINCTIVE
PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT, LANDSCAPE AND CULTURE.

• Protect and enhance the buildings, street,

materials, landmarks and views that are
unique and give the campus/city its identity.
• The appearance of the built environment
defines an area’s identity and character and
creates a sense of place.
• Many areas of the campus have a well-
established character that needs to be
protected and enhanced.
• No site is a blank slate. It will have shape and
there will be adjacent development and a
history which make it a distinctive place.
• This context should be established for each
site and responded to in order to build
something that is recognizable and special
CONTINUITY & ENCLOSURE A PLACE WHERE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPACES ARE
CLEARLY DISTINGUISHED. TO PROMOTE THE CONTINUITY OF STREET FRONTAGES AND THE
ENCLOSURE OF SPACE BY DEVELOPMENT WHICH CLEARLY DEFINES PRIVATE & PUBLIC AREAS.
• Create streets and public spaces that are
well connected and enclosed by attractive
building frontages.
• Every building is just one part of the fabric of
the campus/City which is held together by
the network of streets and spaces.
• Well enclosed and connected spaces allow
using and enjoying the campus conveniently
and in comfort
• The street forms the interface between the
public and private realm.
• Developing and protecting the urban fabric
or structure with strong spatial continuity
and a good sense of enclosure will benefit
the campus over time.
PUBLIC REALM A PLACE WITH ATTRACTIVE AND SUCCESSFUL OUTDOOR SPACES. TO
PROMOTE PUBLIC SPACES AND ROUTES THAT ARE ATTRACTIVE, SAFE, UCLUTTERED AND WORK
EFFECTIVELY FOR ALL IN SOCIETY, INCLUDING DISABLED AND ELDERLY PEOPLE.
• Create high quality public spaces that are attractive,
safe, comfortable, well maintained, welcoming and
accessible to everyone.
• The term ‘public realm’ means any part of the campus
that can be experienced by everyone, from buildings to
bollards. Everything in the Public realm has an effect on
the campus/City image and character.
• A key principle is that ‘people attractpeople’.
• Places which feel good will encourage people to use
them and places which are well used stand a better
chance of being well cared for.
• The aim is to produce friendly, vibrant public places
where people feel welcome to visit, socialize and go
about their business and leisure in comfort and safety.
• Buildings define spaces and good architecture is
A QUALITY PUBLIC REALM
 EASE OF MOVEMENT A PLACE THAT IS EASY TO GET TO AND MOVE THROUGH. TO
PROMOTE ACCESSIBILITY AND LOCAL PERMEABILITY BY MAKING PLACES THAT CONNECT WITH
EACH OTHER AND ARE EASY TO MOVE THROUGH, PUTTING PEOPLE BEFORE TRAFFIC AND
• INTEGRATING
Make the campus
LANDeasy andAND
USES safeTRASPORT.
to get to and move around in,
particularly for pedestrians and cyclists.
• Movement of all kinds is the lifeblood of any campus.
• The movement network must operate in a way which brings
the campus to life, yet high levels of traffic can impact
negatively on quality of life and perception ofplace.
• Transport planning should acknowledge that streets have vital
social, economic and amenity roles in addition to that of being
channels for vehicles.
• A well designed urban structure will have a network of streets
and spaces that can accommodate these roles as well as the
traffic.
LEGIBILITY A PLACE THAT HAS A CLEAR IMAGE AND IS EASY TO UNDERSTAND. TO
PROMOTE THROUGH DEVELOPMENT THAT PROVIDES RECOGNISIBLE ROUTES, INTERSECTIONS

•AND LANDMARKS
Create TO both
a place that HELPresidents
PEOPLE and
FINDvisitors
THEIR WAY AROUND. and easily
can understand
navigate.
• Good urban design can help to create a campus that is easy to
understand and find one’s way about.
• Streets, buildings, vistas, visual details and activities should be used to
give a strong sense of place and to provide an understanding of
clear – specific- and attractive
destinations and routes.
• A legible urban environment is the sum of many of the urban design
principles.
 LEGIBILITY
• ROUTES - the routes people take are a key
element in the way the campus is perceived.

• LANDMARKS - landmarks include public art or

a unique lighting scheme, traffic signals, a strong
element of urban character such as a distinctive
building or a striking vista.

• FOCAL POINTS - public spaces are key to the

legibility of any place. the best are active areas
where people gather and meet and such focal
points should be emphasized, given clear definition
and purpose.

• VIEW- protect key views and create new vistas

and landmarks to help people locate themselves in
the campus and create links within and beyond

the immediate area.

ADAPTABILITY A PLACE THAT CAN CHANGE EASILY. TO PROMOTE ADAPTABILITY
THROUGH DEVELOPMENT THAT CAN RESPOND TO CHANGING SOCIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL AND
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS.
• Create a campus that can adapt to change
so that buildings may come and go, but the
streets last a lifetime.
• Successful campus’s accept change and
continually adapt to remain vibrant over
time.
• Thoughtful and good urban design is
required to achieve this flexibility.
• New developments and public realm
improvements should be designed both to
respect the existing context and to
accommodate future change.
DIVERSITY A PLACE WITH VARIETY AND CHOICE. TO PROMOTE DIVERSITY AND CHOICE
THROUGH A MIX OF COMPATIBLE DEVELOPMENTS AND USES THAT WORK TOGETHER TO CREATE
VIABLE PLACES
• Create THAT with
a campus RESPOND
varietyTO LOCAL
and NEEDS.
choice.
Encourage a mix of uses (institutional,
residential, leisure, ) and architectural
styles to create vibrant campus.
• Housing, leisure, places to work and meet
should interrelate to form an identifiable
and walk able campus that meets the
needs of residents.
• The campus’s which benefit from a
mixture of good amenities have the
means to support their own requirements
and reinforce a sense of community.
 CASE STUDY IIT ROORKEE CAMPUS

Master plan of IIT Roorkee Campus

 CASE STUDY IIT ROORKEE CAMPUS

Analysis

•The main building shows the architecture of highest

heritage and amenity value with a quality public realm.
 CASE STUDY IIT ROORKEE CAMPUS

•Contemporary architectural style material and colour

create a sense of coherency.
 CASE STUDY IIT ROORKEE CAMPUS

•The tower structure of electronics department

acting as landmark.
 CASE STUDY IIT ROORKEE CAMPUS

•Good quality public realm of central library create a new

identity for the area.
 CASE STUDY IIT ROORKEE CAMPUS

•Good landscaping integrate the building and their external

spaces into an imageable whole.
 CASE STUDY IIT ROORKEE CAMPUS

•Well treated junctions aid legibility and make easy to navigate

into the campus.
 CASE STUDY IIT ROORKEE CAMPUS

• Pedestrian and vehicular segregation of the street

avoids conflicts.
 CASE STUDY IIT ROORKEE CAMPUS

•Planting of different types ,using many species for their

seasonal colour or texture complement the orchestration of
built form.
 CASE STUDY IIT ROORKEE CAMPUS

•Streets shows definition, active frontages and

permeability.
 CASE STUDY IIT ROORKEE CAMPUS

•U G Club encourages leisure use and temporary events.

 CASE STUDY IIT ROORKEE CAMPUS

•Students centered activity area enhances natural

surveillance to the campus.
THANKS