Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Print ISSN: 2350-0077; Online ISSN: 2350-0255; Volume 1, Number 3; October, 2014 pp. 41-46
© Krishi Sanskriti Publications
http://www.krishisanskriti.org/jbaer.html
Abstract: Automotive engine cooling system takes care of excess water body pump. A test rig was developed which creates the
heat produced during engine operation. It regulates engine surface same conditions of air flow as for a moving vehicle with
temperature for engine optimum efficiency. Recent advancement in variable air flow rate.
engine for power forced engine cooling system to develop new
strategies to improve its performance efficiency. Also to reduce fuel
consumption along with controlling engine emission to mitigate 2. OBJECTIVE
environmental pollution norms. This paper throws light on
parameters which influence radiator performance at high coolant Performance of engine cooling system is influenced by factors
temperature that is 105o C and its effect on the effectiveness at like air and coolant mass flow rate, air inlet temperature,
variable fan speed. A literature review has been done and ways coolant fluid, fin type, fin pitch, tube type and tube pitch etc.
were identified how to enhance radiator performance
While designing cooling system main aim remains that the
Keywords: Automotive engine cooling system, Performance, size of the cooling system should be less but three factors does
Radiator not allow the size to decrease. The factors are
1. High altitude: At high altitude, air density becomes low
1. INTRODUCTION and hence affects air mass flow rate.
The radiator plays a very important role in an automobile. It 2. Summer conditions: During summer surrounding air is
dissipates the waste heat generated after the combustion hot i.e. air inlet temperature is more.
process and useful work has been done. The effectiveness with 3. Maximum power: Engine condition producing maximum
which waste heat is transferred from the engine walls to the power like when vehicle is climbing uphill, maximum
surrounding is crucial in preserving the material integrity of heat rejection is required during this condition.
the engine and enhancing the performance of the engine.
Various studies have been carried out on engine radiators To compensate all these factors radiator core size required
focusing primarily on optimizing their performance. The use may be large. In this study approach has been made to
of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling simulation increase the value of air flow rate which in turn takes care of
of mass flow rate of air passing across the tubes of an the size of the radiator.
automotive radiator was carried out [1]. Studies on the use of
nano fluids in compact heat exchangers were carried out by 3. MATERIAL AND METHOD
P.Gunnasegaran et.al. [2]. Some studies to increase the rate of
heat transfer were carried using twisted tape [3]. numerical The radiator (Fig 1) used in the study is of Maruti 800
study of heat transfer and pressure drop in a heat exchanger standard type. Material of the radiator is aluminium that is
that is designed with different shape pin fins were carried out why it is light in weight and less prone to corrosion.
by Hamid Nabati [5]. Some studies were also carried out for
Improving Radiator Efficiency by Air Flow Optimization by
Salvio Chacko et.al [6]. Studies on the effect of blockage of
dirt on engine radiator in the engine cooling system was
carried out by S. D. Oduro [10]. Much of the work is going on
to increase the value of convective heat transfer coefficient on
the similar patters this work is being directed on increasing the
value of h by adjusting the rpm of the fan with the help of
electrical regulator/ changing the windings of the motor. Some
studies were made on effects of variable mass flow rate of the
coolant in the radiator, the rate of flow is controlled by the
42 Devendra Vashist, Sunny Bhatia, Ashish Kalra
Fig. 3 Pipes
The material used for the fabrication of the coolant tank (fig 2)
is steel sheet as it can bear high temperature and its weight is
moderate but less than cast iron. The operating range of the
tank is 0oC to 150°C. The pipes (fig 3) used in the system Fig. 8 Thermocouples Fig. 9 Motor
should be able to bear high temperature that’s why plastic
pipes and the rubber hose pipes are used in the system. Cast The system used for transmitting the power from motor to
iron coolant pump (fig 4) is used that can operate at high water body pump is belt drive system (Fig 10) .
temperatures and can bear thermal stresses. The pump is
driven from the belt system arrangement.
6. ASSUMPTIONS
In order to carry out the studies following assumptions were
made;
Fig. 12 Glycerol-3D-balls
balls structure
100
Temperature
80
60
40
20
Fan Air inlet Air outlet Water inlet Water outlet Water Air Mass Effectiv Cooling
Motor temperature temperature temperature temperature Mass flow flow rate eness Capacity
speed rate (є) kW
1200 rpm 25 42 105 61 0.06kg/sec 0.201kg/sec 0.6875 11
1830 rpm 25 50 105 55 0.06kg/sec 0.306kg/sec 0.62 12.5
Variation of temperature of water and air along the length of Radiator at 1830
rpm
120
100
Temperature
80
Air inlet and outlet
60 temperature
40
A graph (fig 16) is plotted showing the variation of effectiveness and cooling capacity with the variation of air flow rate at
different rpm by keeping mass flow rate of coolant constant. Air flow rate has been plotted on X- Axis and the effectiveness on y
axis. The temperature of inlet air has been maintained at 25o C. By the graphs plotted it is observed that effectiveness remains
same with increase in air flow rate but cooling capacity increases by 12 % with an increase in air flow rate by 52.52 % keeping the
mass flow rate of the coolant constant.
14
12
10
8
Cooling capacity at
6 different fan rpm
4
Effectiveness
2
0
1200 1830
Fig 16: Variation of effectiveness and cooling capacity with the variation of air flow rate
Table 3
#
&# #"/
&# #"/
Effectiveness of radiator (є) = Where mc = mass flow rate of coolant in kg/sec.
o –
ma = mass flow rate of air in kg /s
o –
Maximaum heat transfer = Cpc = specific heat capacity of coolant at constant
/UR (for water)
pressure in kJ/kg K.
At 1 LPM mc =
Cpa = specific heat capacity of air at constant
Cpc = 4.18 kJ/kg K. pressure in kJ/kg K.
Cpa = 1.005 kJ/kg K. tci = input temperature of coolant
st nd
ma = 0.201 (for 1 case) ma = 0.306 (for 2 case) tco = output temperature of coolant
st nd
mc = 0.06 (for 1 case) mc = 0.06 (for 2 case) tai = input temperature of air.
8. FUTURE SCOPE roundness effect were studied. The guide wing effect was
studied while changing the radial position and circumferential
8.1 Use of nano fluids fin arc length. Narrower fins produce more heat transfer area
per unit volume but worsen the fin efficiency more than the
Nano particles can be dispensed in conventional heat transfer wider fins. In the S shaped fin model, the narrowest fins
fluid such as water ethylene glycol, engine oil. It produces a showed the largest heat transfer rate. A longer fin length
new class of high efficient heat exchange fluids called Nano- reduces the stream bend and pressure drop that occurs because
fluids [2, 7, 12]. Many experimental and theoretical analyses of the stream bend. The fin length effect was less than the
are carried and found these new heat exchanger coolants are other fin effects if uniform flow was realized in the channel.
excellent. Fin roundness at the head and tail edge of the fins minimally
affect the heat transfer performance but greatly affect the
8.2 Fins Shape pressure drop performance. From the real fin shape
Many studies have showed that the fin shape affects the manufactured by chemical etching, the pressure drop is
characteristics of the radiator [5, 12]. The fin angle effect, increased by about 30%. Lesser fin roundness is preferred to
guide wing effect, fin width effect, fin length effect, and fin reduce the pressure drop.
8.3 Increasing turbulence of coolants Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 1 Issue
6, August – 2012.
The effectiveness of the radiator can be increased by [2] P.Gunnasegaran, N.H. Shuaib, M. F. Abdul Jalal, and E.
employing turbulence promoters [12]. Sandhita Numerical Study of Fluid Dynamic and Heat Transfer
in a Compact Heat Exchanger Using Nanofluids International
8.4 Use of carbon-foam fins Scholarly Research Network ISRN Mechanical Engineering
Volume 2012, Article ID 585496, 11 pages
One more modification which can be employed is to replace doi:10.5402/2012/585496
aluminum fins with carbon foam channels. Due to the thermal [3] Chintan Prajapati, Pragna Patel, Jatin Patel and Umang Patel, A
review of heat transfer enhancement using twisted tape
properties of carbon foam (k = 175-180 W/mK for carbon
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and
foam with 70% porosity), along with increasing the amount of Studies E-ISSN2249–8974
heat rejected, we will be able to reduce the overall size of the [4] C. Oliet, A. Oliva *, J. Castro, C.D. Pe´rez-Segarra Parametric
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[5] Hamid Nabati optimal pin fin heat exchanger surface Thesis
9. CONCLUSION Mälardalen University Sweden School of Sustainable
Development of Society and Technology 2008
A set of numerical data on automotive radiator using coolant [6] Salvio Chacko, Dr. Biswadip Shome, Vinod Kumar, A.K.
Agarwal, D.R. Katkar, Numerical Simulation for Improving
operating at high temperature has been presented in the study.
Radiator Efficiency by Air Flow Optimization
By the literature survey a number of recommendations have [7] The Cooling Performances Evaluation of Nanofluids in a
been provided for the development of a more effective and Compact Heat Exchanger 2012 SAE International
compact radiator. The same is elaborated in the section, future [8] Cooling System Principles by meziere racing saldana products.
scope. In the performance evaluation of the radiator, a radiator [9] Pawan S. Amrutkar, Sangram R. Patil Automotive Radiator
is installed into a test set up and parameter of mass flow rate Performance Review International Journal of Engineering and
of air is varied its effect on the effectiveness and cooling Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-2,
capacity is studied. The same parameters were presented Issue-3, February 2013
graphically and the inferences made. [10] S. D. Oduro Assessing the Effect of Blockage of Dirt on Engine
Radiator in the Engine Cooling System, International Journal of
Automotive Engineering Vol. 2, Number 3, July 2012
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