Specifications for Sub-Bituminous B fuel:

Fuel Composition

ULTIMATE ANALYSIS
TOTAL MOISTURE (%wt) 30.0
ASH (%wt) 14.9
CARBON (%wt) 39.6
HYDROGEN (%wt) 3.18
SULPHUR (%wt) 0.5
NITROGEN (%wt) 0.87
OXYGEN (%wt) 10.95
TOTAL 100.00

HIGHER HEATING VALUE (kcal/kg) 3760

Converting QHV:

4745 kcal/kg x 4.187 kJ/kcal = 15,743.12 kJ/kg

By using formula:

QHV = 33820 C + 144212(H- O/8) + 9304 S

QHV = 33820(0.396) + 144212(0.0318- 0.1095/8) + 9304(0.005)

QHV = 16,051.27985 kJ/kg

15,743.12 kJ/kg ≈ 16,051.27985 kJ/kg

Assuming 100 kg of mass:

The total weight without moisture and ash: 100 – (30 + 14.9) = 55.1

rv= n1/nm

n1= rw/M
rwc= 39.6/55.1

rwH2= 3.18/55.1

rws= 0.5/55.1

rwN2= 0.87/55.1

rwO2= 10.95/55.1

Computing for rw/M:

39.6/55.1𝑘𝑔
Rw / MC = = 0.05989110708 mol
12𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

3.18/55.1𝑘𝑔
Rw / MH2 = = 0.02885662432 mol
2𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

0.5/55.1𝑘𝑔
Rw / MS = = 2.835753176 x 10-4 mol
32𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

0.87/55.1𝑘𝑔
Rw / MN2 = = 5.639097744 x 10-4 mol
28𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

10.95/55.1𝑘𝑔
Rw / MO2 = = 6.210299456 x 10-4 mol
32𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

Total mols= 0.09580551595 mol

Computing for rv:

0.05989110708 mol
rvc = = 0.6251321387
0.09580551595 mol

0.02885662432 mol
rvH2 = = 0.3012000304
0.09580551595 mol

2.835753176 x 10−4 mol

rvS = = 2.95990596 x 10-3
0.09580551595 mol

5.639097744 x 10−4 mol

rvN2 = = 5.885984422 x 10-3
0.09580551595 mol
 6.210299456 x 10−4 mol
rvO2 = = 0.06482194051
0.09580551595 mol

∑ rv = 1 mol

Forming in equation:

0.6251 C + 0.3012 H2 + 2.9599 x10-3 S + 5.8859 x10-3 N2 + 0.0648 O2 + x O2 +3.76x N2

→ a CO2 + b H2O + c N2 + d SO2
Balancing an equation:

For C:

a= 0.6251321387

For H:

b= 0.3012000304

For S:

d= 2.95990596 x 10-3

For O:

0.0648(2) + 2x = 2a + b + 2d

0.0648(2) + 2x = 2(0.6251) + 0.3012 + 2(2.9599 x10-3)

x= 0.7138701193

For N2:

5.8859 x 10-3(2) + 3.76(0.7138) (2) = 2c

c= 2.690037633

For actual:

𝑚𝑎 0.7138701193(32)+3.76(0.7138701193)(28)
AF = = 1
𝑚𝑓 1(0.09580551595)

AF= 9.388949183 kga / kgf

For theoretical:

Theoretical A/F= 11.5 C + 34.5(H – O/8) +4.3S

Theoretical A/F= 11.5 (0.396) + 34.5(0.0318 – 0.1095/8) + 4.3(0.005)

Theoretical A/F= 5.20038125 kga / kgf

For excess air:

𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 −𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
% excess air = x 100%
𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙

9.388949183−5.20038125
% excess air = x 100%
5.20038125

% excess air = 80.5434781%

For mass of air:

ma= 0.7138701193 mol (32 kg/mol) + 3.76(0.7138701193 mol) (28 kg/mol)

ma= 98.00008998 kga

For mass of fuel:

1 𝑘𝑔
mf= 1mol ( )
0.09580551595 𝑚𝑜𝑙

mf= 10.43781238 kgf

We can also solve the heating value of fuel by enthalpy of formation:

Assuming both air and fuel enters at 25 °C and exits also with the same
temperature;

Substance hf h@298K
C 0 ---
H2 0 8468
S --- ---
N2 0 8669
O2 0 8682
CO2 -393,520 9364
H2O -241,820 9904
SO2 -296,100 ---

By energy balance:

Q=Hp-Hr

Q= 0.6251321387(-393520) +0.3012000304(-241820) + 7.181156645 x 10-3 (-296,100)

QHV= 320,964.5311kJ/kmol (1kmol/ 10.43781238 kgF)

QHV= 30,750.17249 kJ/kg