Fermentation

Week 4
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 Fermentation Media
• Several stages where media are required:
a. Inoculum propagation (starter culture);
b. Pilot scale fermentation;
c. Commercial fermentation.
The main factors to choose individual raw material:
a. Cost and availability;
b. Ease of handling in solid and liquid forms;
c. Sterilization requirements and denaturations
problem;
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 ‘cont
d. formulation, mixing, complexing and vicosity
characteristics;
e. The concentration of target product attained;
f. The levels and range impurities;
g. Overall health and safety implication.

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Carbon NWheyit Water Miner Vitami Precurs Inducer Inhibito Cell Oxygen Antifoa
sources rogen als ns and ors s and rs Perme ms
Sources Growth elicitor ability
Factors s modifi
ers
Molases Corn Cobalt Amino Phenila Sodium Penicil
steep acids cetic bisulphit lins
liquor acid e
Malt Yeast Iron Nucleo phenyl surfac
extract extract tides acetam tans
ide
Starch peptones Coppe Fatty D-
and r acids threoni
Dextrins ne
Sulphite Soya Molyb sterols Anthra
Waste bean denu nillic
Liquor meal m acid
Cellulos Zinc
e
Whey Mang
anese
Alkanes
and
Alcohols
Fats and
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 Properties for the ideal antifoam:
• Readily and rapidly dispersed with rapid action;
• High activity at low concentrations;
• Prolonged action;
• Non toxic to fermentation MO, humans or animals;
• Low cost;
• Thermostability;
• Compatibility with other media component and the
process

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 Fermentation System
• Fermentor is the vessel in which the industrial process is
carried out.
• Industrial Fermentor can be divided into two classes:
anaerobic and aerobic.
• Fermentor sizes for some common microbial fermentations:
Size (liters) Product
1-20,000 Diagnostic enzyme, substances for molecular
biology
40-80,000 Some enzymes, antibiotics
100-150,000 Penicillin, aminoglycoside antibiotics, proteases,
amylases, steroid transformation, amino acids
200,000-500,000 Glutamic acid

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 Construction of an Aerobic
Fermentor
• Constructed of stainless steel
• Sterilization of the culture medium and
removal of heat are vital for successful
operation  cooling jacket
• Aeration system transfer oxygen from the
gas to the liquid is critical.
• Two separate installations are: sparger and
impeller

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a

Brock, 2000
b
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 Control and Monitoring
• Environmental factors that are frequently
monitored: temperature, oxygen
concentration, pH, Cell mass, and product
concentration.

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 Fermentation Scale Up
• A procedure to transfer of a process from
small scale laboratory equipment to large
scale commercial equipment.
• One of the most important and complicated
aspects of industrial microbiology.

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 The Scale Up Process
Several stages can be envisioned in transferring
from laboratory to commercial fermentor:
• Experiment in the laboratory flask;
• The laboratory fermentor (a small scale
fermentor);
• The pilot plant stage
• The commercial fermentor

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THE END

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