Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Keara Tellis
ENG-1201
30 June 2019
Annotated Bibliography
In writing my essay I hope I will be able to answer the question of how racism manifests
today. I know that racism has existed for several generations and continues to exist in modern
years, but how did it come about? I also plan to look at how racism can affect diversity and lead
to a lack of diversity in several aspects of life. In discussing the overall topic of racism, I hope to
learn different ways racism can be stopped today and what we can do as a society to change our
ways. I also intend to educate those who do not understand what racism is and what racism can
do to a society.
Blow, Charles M. “Reparations: Reasonable and Right.” The New York Times, 20 June 2019,
www.nytimes.com/2019/06/19/opinion/reparations-reasonable-and-
right.html?rref=collection/timestopic/Race and
Ethnicity&action=click&contentCollection=timestopics®ion=stream&module=stream_unit
&version=latest&contentPlacement=3&pgtype=collection.
The article “Reparations: Reasonable and Right” by Charles M. Blow appeared in the New
York Times on June 19, 2019 and discusses the responsibility the United States has for
helping end racism, as well as the reparations that need to be in place for those affected.
The author discusses when slavery first started with the first enslaved person being brought
Tellis 2
here 400 years ago and slavery was the economic root of this country for 250 years. The
enslaved individuals who were forced to partake in slavery were unpaid and poorly treated.
The Constitution even said that African Americans were three fifths of a person in the Dred
Scott v. Sanford case decision. The author of this article calls for reparations of those
directly affected by slavery and oppression (ancestors). At one point every former enslaved
person was promised forty acres of land and a mule but ended up receiving nothing except
pain and suffering. After the salves were freed, they were left with nothing and many died
from sickness or starvation. Ancestors of slaves where in turn acquired with more
hardships than other races and ethnicities (people of color in general). After the Jim Crow
laws were no longer in affect, a new epidemic called mass incarceration came about. This
is considered to be another legal form of oppression for African Americans and people of
color. The author states that America must accept responsibility for the pain inflicted on
people of color and provide reparations for the people they hurt on this land and the people
The author intends for this article to be a call of action for the American people to pressure the
government into accepting how America became what it is today. The only way to do so is to
provide reparations for those affected and for us to stop repeating history. By repeating history,
he means to stop hurting those who are different than us and stop oppressing those
underrepresented. The author also provides evidence for how racism started today, as well as
modern day racism in the form of mass incarceration and plain racism. The article being not even
a month old allows for the reader to stop and consider the forms of racism around them.
Charles M. Blow is an opinion columnist at New York Times. The author is credible, because he
has been approved to write articles for New York Times and has written several on this topic.
Tellis 3
The author has adequate information to write this article, because he knows the history and is an
ancestor of an enslaved person. The author is reliable mainly, because the history he provided
checks out and can be researched. The article is also very current and provides a sense of
I will use this article to help provide a layout for how racism began in general and the modern-
day aspects of racism. I will also use this article to mention how people are calling for
Gates, Henry Louis. “African Americans Many Rivers to Cross.” PBS, Public Broadcasting
Service, www.pbs.org/black-culture/shows/list/african-american-history-many-rivers-to-
cross/.
This is a documentary by Henry Louis Gates on the Black Culture Connection by the PBS
enslaved man and his fight for freedom. This documentary covers the beginning through
the end of slavery and the effects of slavery in present time. Gives a clear story of what
slaves who were brought to North America thought of this as the “New World” and thought
it would lead to bright new beginnings. As we know, it did not for quite some time and
actually led to feelings of hopelessness and despair. I purpose of this documentary is give
the “real” story of slavery followed by accounts from ancestors of enslaved people. I
believe this documentary was created to educate today’s youth (I remember watching it in
middle school) and those who wish to know the full story of slavery. The producer of this
documentary is Henry Louis Gates Jr and I know he is credible due to him being a well-
known historian. I know he has adequate information for developing this film, because he
holds position as a professor and director for African and African American Research at
Tellis 4
Harvard University. This source is reliable, because it has won several awards and
acknowledgements.
I will use this documentary to provide a timeline of how racism manifested today into what
we know it as. I will also use the documentary to discuss the first-person accounts of
https://www.tolerance.org/frameworks/teaching-hard-history/american-slavery
This article is by the publisher Teaching Tolerance and provides an account of how racism began
here in the United States and its influence today. The article begins by stating that slavery began
before the settlement of North America. The article also discusses how slavery has shaped the
term race and what it means to be white. Slavery stated as an institution of power and created
profit for the enslavers and to break the will of slaves. Slaves were used for labor and financial
gain across the world. The slaves that attempted to resist their enslavers were met with
punishments of violence and pain. As many know slaves were freed by President Abraham
Lincoln, but only in free states. It was not until the passing of the 13th amendment and the end of
the Civil War that all slaves were truly free. Today, diversity is affected by racism in housing
opportunities, education, and workplaces. African Americans face wage disparities, wealth
inequality, and even unemployment due to modern racism. Mass incarceration is clear evidence
of racism today and how it affects people of color. Racism has become a social construct that
The purpose of this article is to inform people of the history of slavery and racism. The audience
intended for this article is students and those looking to learn about the basis of slavery. This
Tellis 5
article was written in bulleted texts boxes with links for each fact and created a more hands-on
reading experience. The article does not provide an author but does provide resources to those
who can speak on the matter of the topic. I think this article is credible, because it is written well
and provides detailed accounts of each fact presented. I know this website is reliable, because I
viewed a few reviews and comments about it, where people discuss how knowledgeable it is.
I will use this article to establish a detailed understanding of how racism was created at the hands
of slavery and the enslavers. I will also mention the aspects of life that are affected on a daily
The Conversation. (2019). How racism and a lack of diversity can harm productivity in our
diversity-can-harm-productivity-in-our-workplaces-73119
The article “How racism and a lack of diversity can harm productivity in our workplaces”
is by Yin Paradies and Amanuel Elias in a website called “The Conversation”. According
to this article racial discrimination bias still exist in workplaces and other spaces.
Productivity at jobs for people of color can go down due to racial tensions. This could
mean mental health issues, physical health issues, or even poor attitude. These types of
issues are created due to racism and will lead to a lack of diversity among colleagues.
Ethnic diversity within spaces can assist with poverty, economic inequality, and
corruption. Places where diversity has been higher, productivity and wages increase. As a
society, businesses need to become more aware of the different cultures their business
serves and how to better reflect the acceptance of different ethnicities. The purpose of
this article is to inform readers of the impact of diversity on productivity in spaces where
racism is present. This article could easily be interrupted by anyone in society, but
Tellis 6
directly affects those in workplaces. This article flowed in terms of stating the issue, the
reasoning behind it, and providing methods to help the issue. This article does not
provide a date when it was published but appears to be current based off the statistics and
information given.
The writers are two professors from Deakin University and both teach/hold titles related
to the topic of racism. I know the authors are credible, because the work is current and is
relevant to society today. I know the authors have adequate information for writing this
article, because of the titles they hold and the facts they provide. I know the source is
I will use this article to discuss and provide evidence for how racism affects diversity. I
will also use this article to make a clear connection between the presence of racism
Vera. “Research Confirms That Entrenched Racism Manifests in Disparate...” Vera, 20 June
2019, www.vera.org/newsroom/research-confirms-that-entrenched-racism-manifests-in-
disparate-treatment-of-black-americans-in-criminal-justice-system.
The article “Research Confirms that Entrenched Racism Manifests in Disparate Treatment of
Black Americans in Criminal Justice System” is by the Vera Institiute of Justice from May 3rd,
2018 and discusses the treatment of Black Americans in the criminal justice system. This article
names a few victims of police brutality, who are believed to be wronged by the criminal justice
system. The writers of those article mention that racism continues to manifest due to the state of
the criminal justice system and the people of color it serves. People of color have been viewed as
having natural criminal behaviors since the beginning of time and this very view has helped lead
Tellis 7
to racism today. The impact of slavery has created a disadvantaged world for those who are
ancestors of slaves and people of color in general. Racism in society leads to over-incarcerated,
living in low income communities could lead to arrest simply because of their skin tone and
social class level. Policies dating back to times of slavery have created a system that is against
minorities and people of color. The “War on Drugs” was an undercover way to target people of
color for doing what other groups of races were doing, but in turn having them arrested.
The purpose of this article was to discuss how there are several ways racism has
manifested today. The audience for this article is anyone who wishes to understand the depths of
racism today in and out of the criminal justice system. The article being written by an institute of
justice makes it feel more appealing and easier to interrupt. The article does not give an author
and only gives the publisher. I think the publisher is credible, because the site is certified and
gives several citations for information. I know this article is reliable, because it is a major
network for news and information. The article is also current and provides examples of known
events.
I will use this article to discuss how racism manifests today and how modern racism has
come about. I will also use this article to hint at the criminal justice side of racism and what that
White, James A. “The Little Problem I Had Renting a House.” TED, 20 February 2015,
www.ted.com/talks/james_a_white_sr_the_little_problem_i_had_renting_a_house.
This ted talk is by James White and was posted on February 20 th, 2019 and discusses a first
account of how racism is constantly alive today. James White talks about how when he was
Tellis 8
in the Air Force and was stationed away from his family, he had trouble finding a home for
his family to come join him. He was turned away by countless apartment owners and trailer
park owners for poor excuses. He hints at the reasoning of why he is turned away: he and
his family are black. Eventually he finds a home for his family and they come in join him
where he stationed in Idaho. James White tells this story to cast light on how racism was
and still is alive today in the simplest aspects. He also discusses how he choose to raise his
children and grandchildren in regard to police brutally. James White sadly explains how he
feels fear for his black grandchildren who are simply driving a car and could be pulled
over. As he wraps up his talk, he calls to action society and asks that we do not let
disparities go by unnoticed. He asks that we not lose our humanity just because we are
afraid and that we must stand up for what we believe in. James White also states that we
The speaker’s purpose is to inform the audience and to warn of them of what is to come if
we do not do something about it. The audience is anyone in society with an understanding a
willing to learn heart. The speech being given on the TED Talk stage makes it even more
powerful and complying. The author is an African American older man and he is credible
because it is a first-person account. The author has adequate information to give his speech,
because he experienced it and lived it. The information is reliable, because it has been
I will use this speech to provide my research essay with the topic of how racism affects day
to day people. I will also use this speech as an example of how racism has affected people’s
Myers, Verna. (2019). How to overcome our biases? Walk boldly toward them, TED, 22
Nov 2014,
https://www.ted.com/talks/verna_myers_how_to_overcome_our_biases_walk_boldly_towa
rd_them?referrer=playlist-talks_to_help_you_understand_r
The speaker’s name is Verna Myers from the TED Talks and came out in November 2014
to discuss how our bias have led to racism. Verna Myers speaks about a call to action to
stop fearing black people, but specifically to stop fearing black men. She asks us to look at
our bias about racism head on and comfort them. We have to become uncomfortable to get
comfortable. If we keep running afraid of people who are different than us, we will repeat
history again and again. We become bystanders and lose our humanity if we become quiet.
Verna Myers asks three things of us: no more denial, find awesome people who are
different than you and surround yourself with them, and lastly to say something when you
see something. She discusses that society will keep failing young black people, if we allow
it to. There can be no more denial of having bias she says, for we all have bias whether we
know it or not. As a society we have to create unity in order to move forward. The purpose
of this article is to be a call to action for society to become aware of their bias and to
embrace them in order to get over them. The author is credible, because she was posted by
TED Talk the major producer. This source is reliable, because she gives her own ideals
I will use this source to provide a wrap up of my paper and how we can assist in the fight
against racism. I will also use this source to inform my readers and to get them thinking