Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
POLITICAL SCIENCE- It is the systematic study of and reflection upon politics. Politics usually
describes the processes by which people and institutions exercise and resist power.
N.B, today, legislative bodies have been forced to delegate greater discretion to executive officers
responsible for the conduct of government policies and powers. Thus we find many administrative
agencies exercising quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial powers.
2. Economics- Refers to the study of production, distribution, and conservation, and consumption of
wealth.
Political Scientist adopts an “economic approach” when seeking to interpret matters like public
financial policies and government regulation of business.
3. Geography Geopolitics-It is concerned with the study of the influences of physical factors such as
population pressures, sources of raw materials, geography, etc. Upon domestic and foreign politics.
4. Sociology & anthropology-It is deeply concerned with the origins and nature of social control and
governmental authority, with the abiding influences of race and culture upon society, & with the
patterns of collective human behavior.
5. Psychology-It promotes studies of the mental and emotional processes motivating the political
behavior of individuals and groups. Particular topics under this are: public opinion, pressure groups,
and propaganda.
6. Philosophy-The concepts and doctrines of Plato, Aristotle & Locke are important to the specialist in
academic philosophy and also to the political scientist.
7. Statistics and Logic-Political theorist must have abroad background & knowledge of current political
problems and he must employ scientific methods in gathering and evaluating the data & in drawing
conclusions.
8. Jurisprudence-This branch of public law is concerned with the analysis of existing legal systems &
also with the ethical, historical, sociological, & psychological foundations of law.
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI
-wrote “The Prince”, a handbook for rulers in the art of government.
-Father of Modern Political Science
Elements of State:
1. People
2. Territory
3. Government
4. Sovereignty
5. Recognition
1. People-This refers to the mass of population living within the state. There is no requirement as
to the number of people that should compose a state. But it should be neither too small nor
too large: small enough to be well-governed and large enough to be self-sufficing.
The smallest state is Vatican. China has the largest population.
Citizenship
Legal or juristic
Can be changed or taken-back
Nationality
Ethnic or racial
Absolute or innate
2. Territory
4.Sovereignty-It is the supreme power of the state to command and enforce obedience
to its will from people within its jurisdiction, and to have freedom from foreign
control.
Two kinds of sovereignty
1. Internal or the power of the state to rule within its territory;
2. External or the freedom of the state to carry out its activities without subjection or
control by other states. External sovereignty is often referred to as independence.
What is a Constitution
The Constitution currently took ineffect was enacted in 1987, during the
administration of President Corazon C. Aquino, and is popularly known as the
"1987 Constitution―. Philippine constitutional law experts recognise three other
previous constitutions as having effectively governed the country — the1935
Commonwealth Constitution, the 1973 Constitution, and the 1986 Freedom
Constitution. Constitutions for the Philippines were also drafted and adopted
during the short-lived governments of Presidents Emilio Aguinaldo (1898)and
José P. Laurel (1943).
Kind of Constitution
1. As to their origin and history: a. Conventional or enacted b. Cumulative or
evolved
2. As to their form: a. Written b. Unwritten
3. As to manner of amending them:
a. Rigid or inelastic b. Flexible or elastic
The 1943 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines , composed of a preamble and
twelve articles, creates a Republican state with a powerful executive branch and
subordinate legislative and judicial branches. The executive power is vested in the
President, who is to be elected by the members of the National Assembly from among
themselves.
The President is the head of government, and commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces.
The powers of the President are: to veto any bill of the Assembly, to promulgate
regulations when the Assembly is not in session and in times of war or national
emergency, to declare martial law, to suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus,
and to appoint the members of the Council of State and officials of the local government.
The 1973 Constitution, promulgated after Marcos declaration of martial law, was
supposed to introduce a parliamentary-style government.
Legislative power was vested in a National Assembly whose members were elected for
six-year terms.
The President was ideally supposed to be elected as the symbolic and purely ceremonial
head of state from the Members of the National Assembly for a six-year term and could
be re-elected to an unlimited number of terms.
1987 Constitution of the Philippines Following the EDSA People Power Revolution that
removed President Ferdinand E. Marcos from office, the new President, Corazon C.
Aquino issued Proclamation No. 3 as a provisional constitution.
It adopted certain provisions from the 1973 constitution and granted the President broad
powers to re organise the government and remove officials from office, and mandated
that the president would appoint a commission to draft a new constitution.