Design criteria for nozzles (not for shell region near nozzles )

Location in Classific Origin of stress Type of stress Remark

nozzle ation
Pm Pressure and External loads and Average across thickness FEA give including
Within limits of moments including those due to (across SCL) and excluding discontinuity
reinforcements restrained free end displacements discontinuity Pd/4t + F/A +
M/Z(pipe)
6 M/t2 not included
PL - SAME AS ABOVE - Include discontinuity
PL + Pb + - SAME AS ABOVE plus thermal Include discontinuity and
Q thermal loads
Pm Pressure and External axial, shear and Average across thickness
Outside the torsional loads other than those due to (across SCL)
limits of restrained free end displacements
reinforcements PL + PB Pressure and External bending Average component and
moments other than those due to linearised component
restrained free end displacements
PL + Pb + Pressure and External loads and Surface stress without
Q moments including those due to stress concentration
restrained free end displacements and (linearised value)
thermal
Beyond the PL + Pb + Pressure and External loads and
limits of Q moments including those due to Sps as per ASME Sec
reinforcements restrained free end displacements. VIII Div.2
-
Restrained free end displacements
can be exceeded but should be
separately checked to be within SPS
Neck stress evaluation and checking during enquiry:

1. Calculate hoop stress using thin shell or thick shell theory as the case may be
2. Calculate longitudinal stress using Pd/4t + F/A + MR/Z (Use the governing resultant moment MR near neck of
flange or near shell junction
3. Calculate shear stress using Vc and VL and also shear stress due to Torsional moment using MR/J

In case of Div.1, calculate maximum principal stress and in case of Div.2 calculate Von mIses using below
equation and check with corresponding allowable of respective code (table 1A in Div.1 and Table 5A for Div.2)

VONMISES STRESS EQUATION

In the above equation 1, 2 and 3 refers to X, Y and Z and the following is a better notation.

von mises = [ (xx- yy)2 + (yy- zz)2 + (zz- xx)2 + 6 (2xy + 2yz + 2zx ) ] / sqrt (2)