Backbone of

the Distributed
Internet

Whitepaper Version 2.0.

Last updated: 14 July, 2018
Important Notice

This document (“whitepaper”) is not endorsed by any government authority. It is only available on
www.noia.network and may not be redistributed, reproduced or passed on to any other person or
published, in part or in whole, for any purpose, without the prior written consent of Noia Network
Limited. This whitepaper, or any part of it, must not be taken or transmitted to any country or territory
where its distribution or dissemination is prohibited or restricted. Any natural persons or legal entities
who comes into possession of this whitepaper must inform themselves about and observe any relevant
legal or regulatory restrictions they may be subject to and seek all necessary professional advice. By
any such natural or legal person (“you” or “your”) accessing this whitepaper, you agree to be bound by
this requirement.

Important Notice 01
Token Sale Summary

Seller Noia Network Limited (“the Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”)%

A Gibraltar private limited liability company

Company no. 117003
Registered address: Suite 7, Hadfield House, Library
Street, Gibraltar

Purchase Website www.noia.network (“Website”)

& instructions Purchasers must follow the instructions on the
Website to purchase NOIA

Token Sale Terms & To be made available on the Website. Each

Conditions purchaser of NOIA must ensure that they carefully read the
terms and conditions and obtain any necessary legal advice
before agreeing to them.

Token Name NOIA

(to be sold during
Public Sale Period)

Token Ticker NOIA

(of the NOIA to be sold
during Public Sale Period)

Project Summary The NOIA Network has the following elements:

The Company is proposing to develop a content
delivery network (“CDN”) connecting hundreds of thousands of
personal computers during times they are idle to serve as one
single “intranet”. Such participating computers will need to
remain available for us to utilise their unused bandwidth for
certain periods of time in exchange for which we will reward
their owners with NOIA. The bandwidth available on the CDN
shall be sold to customers who will be required to pay in NOIA
to access this.

Token Sale Summary 02

 Website: www.noia.network
Email: info@noia.network
Twitter: www.twitter.com/NoiaNetwork/
Facebook: www.facebook.com/NOIANetwork/
Telegram: www.t.me/NoiaNetwork/
Medium: www.medium.com/noia
Reddit: www.reddit.com/r/NOIA
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/noia-
network/

Token Sale Summary 03

 Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Introduction

2.1. Problem

2.1.1. Current internet infrastructure

2.1.2. CDN market

2.1.3. Summary

2.2. Solution

2.2.1. Opportunity to utilize unused bandwidth - sharing economy

2.2.2. Decentralization benefits

3. NOIA

3.1. NOIA architecture (centralized and decentralized)

3.2. Content Scaling Layer (CSL)

3.3. CSL Stack

3.4. How does content scaling work?

3.5. Benefits of CSL

4. Business Case

4.1. Applicability

4.2. Characteristics

4.3. Use cases

4.4. Customer profile

4.5. Competitiveness

4.6. Node profile

4.7. NOIA Edge

5. Token Economy

5.1. NOIA Token

5.2. Smart contracts layer

Table of Contents 04
 5.3. Flow of value

5.4. Node reward system

6. Roadmap

7. Team & Advisors

8. Disclosures

8.1 Corporate Governance

8.2 Disclosures and Legal

8.3 Risk Factors

Table of Contents 05
Executive Summary

What is NOIA?

NOIA is the next-generation, decentralized Content Delivery Network - powered by blockchain

technology. It utilizes unused bandwidth and storage from computers around the world to create a
widely distributed and decentralized layer of the internet’s infrastructure to dramatically improve how
data is delivered across the internet.

By applying the next-generation peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing protocols, artificial intelligence
(AI) and blockchain technology, NOIA enables hundreds of thousands of computers to serve as
points of presence (POPs) for web content caching and delivery through local internet networks
around the world.

Every individual can now set up a NOIA node
with his personal machine and be rewarded for
the contribution of bandwidth and unused
storage.
Every website and application in the world
can use the NOIA network for content
delivery and cut down a significant portion of
expenses and realize more efficient content
distribution.

How does it work?

The core principle of NOIA’s working model is caching a website’s content across a
decentralized network of computers in a way that allows it to be delivered to a user in the fastest way
possible. When using NOIA, website’s content is automatically cached and scaled throughout
the network according to the location of its users and the traffic it gets. As a result, when a users
loads a website, the content is delivered directly from NOIA’s network to the user (browser or app)
without requesting it from the source where it is hosted

Thus, it provides huge economic and technological benefits for all websites using NOIA:

Higher reach and increased efficiency in content delivery to a global audience of users using widely
dispersed and decentralized network of POP’s.

Executive Summary 06
 Huge cost savings for content delivery due to utilization of bandwidth provided by NOIA’s nodes.

NOIA is a completely new form of content delivery network that serves as an optimization layer for all
content deliveries on the internet.

Where is the applicability of NOIA?

The scale of NOIA’s applicability is unlimited because it can be used to cache and deliver any type of
existing content on the internet. It is designed to a be a super-scalable platform that is easy to use and
does not require any major technological changes for a website to start using it.

NOIA’s architecture and business model is purposely made to avoid competing with other solutions that
companies are already using. It can work as an additional layer to any type of content hosting or a
Content Delivery Network (CDN) service. NOIA can be used on top of it and significantly reduce content
delivery costs since it will be multiple times cheaper than most other CDN solutions.

NOIA will be fully productized and become a ready-to-use service in a relatively short period of time,
designed to fit seamlessly into existing ecosystems of hosting and delivery services (AWS, Google) and
substantially improve them.

NOIA token economy

Blockchain technology enables NOIA to create a sharing economy of content delivery that is
autonomous and has virtually no limit in terms of its scale. NOIA token is the sole currency within the
system used by customers (content hosting websites) to “pay” nodes that deliver content for them.

Businesses that have a demand for content delivery services are the main buyers of NOIA token. One
NOIA token represents 5 GB of data transfer, and owners of websites or applications can purchase
content delivery services using the tokens. The exchange rate between NOIA token and amount of data
transferred will be pegged only during the Initial Coin Offering.

Existing content delivery service providers price their services around 0.08 USD per GB (depending on
the amount of data transferred). Provided NOIA Network reaches its hard cap, the price per 1 GB would
be equal to ~0.01 USD, which is multiple times cheaper than the market average.

Project implementation

NOIA is being developed by an experienced team of developers with previous work experiences
at Skype, JP Morgan and Dropbox. The MVP versions of NOIA Node Client and NOIA JS library
for websites are already developed and will be available to download from our website
https://noia.network

Executive Summary 07
Introduction

2.1. Problem

2.1.1. Current internet infrastructure

The internet can be seen as a huge cluster of networks, all combining to form a single entity. Every
personal computer connected to the internet (usually through an internet service provider (ISP)), also
forms a part of this network. The ISP's in turn, are also interconnected with each other. In effect, the
internet can be seen as a network of networks.

However, global internet infrastructure as a whole remains fragmented and lacks integrity. Countries
around the world differ significantly in terms of high speed broadband infrastructure deployment and
network availability/connectivity. Research shows that less than half of the world's regions enjoy
broadband speeds in excess of 10 Mbps, and in areas such as Latin America, the Middle East and Africa,
only about 20% exceed a 10 Mbps threshold speed. Both local and international connectivity can also
vary significantly, depending on local ISP interconnections with other internet providers in neighboring
countries.

Region Broadband Speed Greater than 10 Mbps (2017)

Global 53%

Asia Pacific 53%

Latin America 27%

North America 64%

Western Europe 54%

Central and Eastern Europe 58%

Middle East and Africa 17%

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-
vni/vni-hyperconnectivity-wp.html

Due to these factors, direct data transfers between geographically distant end-points are typically
associated with high latencies as well as slow download and upload speeds. This creates challenges

Introduction 08
for website operators seeking to scale and deliver content to globally scattered audiences. This is
especially the case for bandwidth intensive data such as high definition images, video content, live
streaming media, software downloads/updates as well as other sizable data.

To mitigate these inefficiencies, Content Delivery Networks (CDN's) have been established. CDN
providers maintain globally distributed, strategically placed Points of Presence (POP) or Data Centers,
that are used to cache content locally and deliver it based on the geographical proximity of a request.

This approach results in a substantial increase in the global availability of hosted content with improved
website load times irrespective of the geographic dispersion of visitors. CDN's currently form the
backbone of current internet infrastructure and are responsible for the major portion of content
distribution.

2.1.2. CDN market

Overview

According to statistics, the majority of CDN usage consists of streaming video/audio content. As this type
of content also tends to be the “heaviest” in size, it therefore constitutes the biggest share of traffic (along
with certain types of downloads; i.e. software, firmware).

CDN providers may take different approaches in constructing their delivery architectures. Some follow a
scattered approach and deploy a greater number of POP's, while others consolidate their POP's into larger,
but less numerous locations. While the biggest players in the market, (Akamai and Amazon's Cloudfront),
have their differences and relative competitive advantages across certain instances, overall, most CDN
providers operate in a similar manner. These two giants alone have a combined market share of
approximately 50%.

Market size and growth.

CDN's (and similar products), along with global bandwidth usage and the internet itself, are expected to
continue growing at a significant rate. Multiple sources forecast the global CDN market alone to grow
from USD 6 billion in 2016 to almost USD 31 billion by 2022.

Introduction 09
 Global CDN market forecast (billion USD)

40

30

20

10

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/content-delivery-networks-cdn-market-657.html

Moreover, the web hosting services market is expected to reach USD 154 Billion by 2022 at a 16%
compound annual growth rate. It illustrates a huge potential for future growth of the web content in
general.

Global web hosting services marker forecast (billion USD)

200

150

100

50

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/web-hosting-services-market-reaches-to-usd-154-billion-
by-2022-at-16-of-cagr-industry-affirmations-by-mrfr-300512202.html

Introduction 10
2.1.3. The problem

Global internet infrastructure is not developing fast enough to handle the ever increasing demand for
content distribution.

Video content consumption alone is expected to increase by a factor of 4 by 2021, when Cisco predicts
82% of all IP traffic will be video content.

Add to this the demands of online gaming, VR, AR and IoT products and services, and one can plainly
see that the current rate of infrastructure development will be hard pressed to fulfill these anticipated
requirements.

CDN's, due to their inherent constraints, can only partly address this problem:

CDNs are distinctly centralized.

Limited geo-dispersion reduces CDN advantages in low-availability areas.
CDNs have limited latitude to innovate.
Scaling bandwidth-intensive content worldwide is prohibitively expensive.
Current video CDN market is singularly monopolized by Akamai and Amazon.

By comparison, average available bandwidth capacities per household continue to increase rapidly,
indicating an increasing availability of idle bandwidth per person.

Given the expected market situation, this phenomenon represents an incredible potential solution in
addressing the looming expected shortfall in content distribution capability.

Region Greater Than 25Mbps

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Global 48% 53% 63% 69% 74% 77%

Asia Pacific 46% 53% 49% 77% 81% 84%

Latin America 27% 27% 31% 35% 38% 40%

North America 58% 64% 74% 78% 81% 86%

Western Europe 51% 54% 61% 66% 70% 74%

Central and Eastern Europe 53% 58% 63% 66% 71% 75%

Middle East and Africa 16% 17% 17% 19% 20% 21%

Introduction 11
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/vni-
hyperconnectivity-wp.html

This available and heretofore untapped resource can enable the implementation of Peer-to-Peer content
distribution architecture enabling content delivery to be scaled much more efficiently.

2.2. Solution (Solving the Internet Infrastructure Challenge)

2.2.1. The Opportunity to Utilize Unused Bandwidth - sharing economy

Every desktop or laptop computer, by simple virtue of being connected to the internet, already forms a
part of the whole internet infrastructure. We typically use our computers to consume as content data is
most always coming our way.

However, each and every computer owned by the general public, can be used to serve the opposite
function as well, and stream data outwards.

By connecting thousands of participants willing to share the idle resources of their personal computers,
we can create a sharing economy of data transfer - one that is virtually limitless in terms of scale.

Every participant becomes a Point-of-Presence (POP) in our decentralized and globally distributed
network, and are designated nodes.

This type of network significantly improves efficiency by utilizing the unused bandwidth and storage of
each individual node in a way that allows the effective pooling of their resources to deliver popular,
bandwidth-intensive content.

The cooperative approach indeed improves multiple aspects of content delivery.

As concluded by the research at Yale University, [http://web2.research.att.com/export/sites/att_labs/

techdocs/TD_7EGJ83.pdf], this concept allows for the creation of a network-aware peer selection
process; and simultaneously improves overall network efficiency and application performance.

This then represents a remarkable opportunity in advancing the efficiency of multimedia content
delivery.

2.2.2. Benefits of Decentralization

By bypassing the “middleman” (CDN's), and instead outsourcing content delivery directly among tens of
thousands of individually run nodes across the globe, we can achieve a completely decentralized and
globally dispersed network architecture.

This novel and unique approach promises the realization of previously unseen efficiencies in content
delivery.

Introduction 12
More nodes mean shorter distances between source and users. Under this architecture, content is kept
closer to users, hence latency and load times are decreased, while overall speed is increased.

Furthermore, a network of such size and scale can profit immeasurably from the innovative deployment
of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in determining the best routing options while optimizing
caching allocations and demand prediction strategies, all in real time.

In contrast to traditional CDN providers, where a single point of failure is always a possibility, under such
an approach, there can never be any meaningful point of failure. Radically large numbers of nodes
within the P2P network ensure increased performance reliability and service stability. In fact, the denser
the geographic coverage of POP's, the greater will be the ability to deliver content more efficiently to
users, in spite of their physical proximity. Swarms of nodes would bring latency to a minimum, and
especially so in lower-connectivity regions, resulting in a much more efficient internet overall.

Also, there being no one central entity at play, typical CDN service company overheads such as server
farm costs and maintenance, hardware upgrades, etc., as well as operating costs can be completely
avoided. Therefore, delivering content through this type of network is expected to be multiple times
cheaper than via any traditional CDN alternative.

Finally, being decentralized, NOIA Network will provide an avenue of opportunity that other decentralized
products and services, including decentralized hosting platforms, can take full advantage of (see
Section 4.1).

Introduction 13
NOIA

NOIA is the next-generation content scaling network, powered by blockchain technology. It utilizes
unused bandwidth from computers around the world to create a widely distributed, efficient and integral
layer of internet infrastructure for global content delivery. NOIA is designed to serve as a bandwidth
optimization mechanism for every type of web content and provide a significantly more effective and
decentralized delivery method across the internet.

By applying the next-generation peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing protocols, artificial intelligence (AI) and
blockchain technology, NOIA aims to combine hundreds of thousands of computers to serve as a POP
in one single “intranet” and provide an opportunity to every web content provider in the world to use this
“intranet” to deliver their content to a global audience.

It’s quite common to contribute your bandwidth as part of a community (e.g. peer-to-peer file sharing,
torrents, etc.) but with NOIA, individual devices can participate in the ecosystem of decentralized
content delivery and deliver content on behalf of actual businesses that are willing to compensate for
services provided, thereby benefiting the network’s participants economically. By implementing content
delivery through the NOIA network of nodes, a new content delivery economy is born:

Individuals can now make use of their under utilized resources by setting up a NOIA Node and
earning NOIA tokens as a reward for the contribution of bandwidth and unused storage;

Website operators that currently pay large sums to deliver their content globally through a
centralized service will now be able to significantly reduce their expense while realizing more
efficient content distribution through NOIA.

Node Node

Node
WWW
Node Node

Node Node

NOIA 14
This type of sharing economy of content delivery is enabled by blockchain technology and is both
autonomous and very scalable. A Smart Contracts layer within NOIA’s network governs all relationships
between the different actors in the network by providing a framework for the creation and flow of value
within it.

NOIA’s aim is to become a fully self-sustained, decentralized swarm of hundreds of thousands of nodes
that would optimally share their resources, governed by the rules as written in the smart contracts and
operated with NOIA tokens. Such a swarm of nodes would serve as a new infrastructure layer for the
fastest, most optimized and cost-efficient web content delivery on the internet.

3.1. NOIA’s architecture

NOIA’s architecture is formed by combining two separate structural elements:

Content scaling layer (CSL). A combination of peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing protocols,
artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology that determine how content is being delivered
through the network.

Governance Layer. A set of Smart Contracts on Ethereum blockchain that define what NOIA tokens
are and govern how NOIA tokens are transferred between nodes and the users in the content
delivery ecosystem.

These two elements are closely intertwined. While CSL serves as the technological backbone of the
network, the Governance Layer enables the flow of value within the network.

NOIA creates a win-win-win situation for the parties involved: websites, users, and nodes. By unleashing
the technological potential of a widely distributed swarm of nodes that serve as different POPs, NOIA
aims to optimize the way the Internet functions: website owners pay less for their content delivery
service, users enjoy faster and more efficient web experience, and nodes have a direct economic
incentive to contribute to, and sustain, the network.

3.2. Content Scaling Layer (CSL)

Content Scaling Layer (CSL) is the backbone of NOIA’s content scaling infrastructure. It is a set of
interconnected softwares creating a single system designed to optimize content delivery through the
network of internet devices sharing their bandwidth and storage.

The CSL is comprised of two types of technologies:

P2P file sharing technology. CSL uses proprietary P2P content scaling protocol that employs
relevant parts of Peer Exchange (PEX), Bittorrent, Distributed Hash Table (DHT) and Websocket wire
protocols

NOIA 15
 Artificial Intelligence (Machine Learning). CSL uses proprietary mathematical algorithms and
pattern recognition to handle requests (merging requests), content caching (smart caching),
fastest-route discovery, and network traffic prediction and anticipation.

3.3. CSL stack

CLS stack consists of different softwares that form the layers of the network itself. There are two
methods of how CSL can be implemented in NOIA:

CSL Cloud Controller Model - A single centralized point in NOIA Network which controls other CSL
system layers

CSL DAO Concept Model - A fully decentralized organization with autonomous self-imposed
governance.

As of this very moment, there remain technological limitations on available decentralized infrastructures
to implement the CSL organization on a decentralized cloud.

Therefore, launching NOIA as a fully decentralized platform from day one would entail running a
significant risk due to technology simply being not yet being mature enough.

To address this issue and avoid potentially endangering the initial viability of NOIA, we are instead
launching our CSL using a centralized Cloud Controller thereby ensuring the network’s safety. This will
also provide the necessary control required to improve its technology. Other participants (Master Nodes
and Worker Nodes) will be decentralized.

Once the technology reaches the stability and maturity we seek, efforts will then be directed to
decentralize the NOIA network completely thus making it open for everyone to join (read more about this
in Technical Paper).

Illustration below clearly illustrates different layers of the CSL stack.

NOIA 16
 Cloud
controller / DAO

Master Node Master Node

Master Node

Worker Node Worker Node

Worker Node Worker Node

Worker Node

These layers represent hierarchical structure of the CSL and all the actors that form the NOIA network.

CSL Cloud Controller (DAO Concept Model)

The CSL Cloud Controller is the key element of the CSL stack. It is responsible for instructing the Master
Nodes how best to utilize Worker Nodes for caching and delivering data in the most efficient way.

Also it serves as an authorization body and authorizes Master Nodes that have to comply with
requirements set forth in the Governance Layer. Moreover, they must also qualify and satisfy physical
and economic requirements, such as determining strategically attractive geographic locations and
committing to stake a certain amount of NOIA coins as a guarantee of the desired level of performance.
As an authorization body it is also responsible for detecting and removing faulty or fraudulent Master
Nodes, in order to ensure the Quality of Service (QoS) level promised to website operators.

The main responsibilities of CSL Cloud Controller are:

Authorization of Master Nodes

Selection and load balancing of Master Nodes
Content scaling commands to Master Nodes based on:

Traffic prediction (machine learning)

Traffic anticipation (on demand scaling)
Smart content caching

Quality of Service (QoS) control

NOIA 17
To be able to give instructions, the Cloud Controller requires quantifiable data, i.e. metrics about the
past performance of the Worker Nodes. These metrics are propagated through, and by, the Master
Nodes.

CSL Master Node Client

Master Nodes serve as intermediaries in the CSL framework. They are responsible for:

Implementation of the content scaling commands

Request handling / pooling
Load balancing Worker Nodes
Fastest route discovery
Submitting performance metrics to the Cloud Controller

Master Node Client is built on top of UDP Tracker Protocol for BitTorrent. Functioning as sort of a
BitTorrent tracker, it submits the list of node addresses for file download either to a user (fulfilling
a request) or to a Worker Node (sharing content in the network).

Master Nodes implement the following content scaling commands based on statistical modelling and
Machine Learning algorithms:

Initial caching of the file in CSL: When? Which nodes?

Additional caching of the files in CSL: Which nodes? Which files? When?
Deleting the files from the nodes’ cache: Which nodes? Which files? When?

A Master Node Client initializes these processes, whereas, Worker Node Clients fulfil them.

To manage the cache available on Worker Nodes, a Master Node Client keeps track of request
dynamics. As the number of requests associated with one file is increasing, selected Worker Nodes in
the network are instructed to cache the file by downloading it from the source. Decline in the number of
requests causes to be file being deleted from the cache of selected Worker Nodes.

Metrics derived from the file requests and information sent by Worker Nodes, are sent to the Cloud
Controller, which performs most of the processing-power-intensive optimization pertaining to the
scaling of the content.

CSL Worker Node Client

By installing the CSL Worker Node Client, anybody can rent out their unused bandwidth and storage
space to participate in the NOIA Network and act as a POP for content delivery. It is a Node.js
application that can be run on any Linux, Windows or MacOS machine.

NOIA 18
Worker Node Client is responsible for:

Implementation of the content scaling commands

Downloading and caching the content from the source
Sharing it with other Worker Nodes in the network
Delivering it to website users

Worker Node is instructed by a Master Node what content to download, cache (and also remove from
cache) and where to deliver. Content is saved in the local storage of the Worker Node dedicated for the
use of the application.

CSL JS library

The CSL JS Library is an open source solution, which has to be integrated into the hosted website in
order to use CLS and the NOIA Network. Its core functionality is to submit data requests to the Master
Node and receive the content from the NOIA Network. In case of a NOIA-related failure and high latency,
the request falls back to the original source of the content.

The links to the original source are changed by the content's hash signatures. Thus, a user application
when requesting some files, is sending their hash signatures to the CSL Master Node, which in turn
responds with an optimal Worker Node list for downloading this content.

In case the file is not cached (e.g. it was never requested before or is missing from the NOIA Network
due to its scarcity), a Master Node will respond to the request with an empty list of Worker Nodes. The
CSL JS Library will then in turn, immediately fulfill the request by downloading the file directly from the
source.

3.4. How does content scaling work in NOIA Network?

The graphic illustration below presents how content is requested and delivered using the NOIA Network:

NOIA 19
 Worker Node Worker Node

Worker Node

3.1 3.2
Worker Node Worker Node

3.

2.
Master Node

WWW

1.
Storage backends Users
(source of content) (browsers, consuming apps)

3.1

1. A user enters the website which supports CSL. CSL JS Library is loaded into a local memory of
consuming application (e.g. browser).

2. A user sends request for certain content. CSL JS Library translates request into SHA256 type of
infohash and passes the request and its infohash to the closest Master Node, selected by the
Cloud Controller.

3. A Master Node checks if requested content can be found in the swarm of Worker Nodes
and responds to a user

3.1. If the content is not available, it responds with an empty list of Worker Nodes and
falls back to the original backend for content delivery.

3.2. If the content is available, it responds with the optimal list of nodes and metadata
required for the content delivery and A user starts downloading data from the
Worker Nodes in the list using infohash.

NOIA 20
3.5. Benefits of CSL

The combination of these technologies in CSL enables NOIA to achieve a new form of P2P content
scaling network that is different from any kind of traditional centralized and decentralized solution that
currently exists in the market.

CSL only stores content for a limited and – even more importantly – optimal time. It allows the CSL
to move content dynamically throughout the swarm and adapt to the traffic variability. Content can
be quickly scaled and distributed among the different locations where demand may be peaking.
These are the key features that allow NOIA to serve not only as a network of content delivery, but
more importantly - a network of bandwidth optimization and content scaling.

CSL leverages traffic prediction using machine learning. Traffic pattern prediction gives CSL ability
to predict what content should be cached and how it should be scaled through different POPs. It
enables to achieve an efficient and fast delivery. In general, machine learning is applied in four
directions in CSL:

1. Prediction and optimization of routes based on historical route patterns (pattern

recognition, seasonality analysis)

2. Prediction of content demand based on historical demand (pattern recognition,

seasonality analysis)

3. Prediction of file popularity based on metadata and content itself, including

metadata from social networks (natural language processing, computer vision)

CSL provides unlimited scalability. Once the CSL JS library is added to a website, content is
automatically cached and dynamically scaled throughout the globally dispersed network depending
on the location and amount of requests. The service scales and adapts automatically while website
operators only pay for successful deliveries.

NOIA 21
Ultimate technological benefits of CSL:

Greater reach and increased efficiency in content delivery:

The combination of the latest P2P technologies with Machine Learning enabled traffic and routing
prediction, enables the CSL to utilize the swarm of thousands of distributed POP's, resulting in
faster and more efficient delivery from local networks instead of international ones. CSL caches
content directly within areas of high demand and delivers it through the local internet infrastructure.
It significantly improves content delivery in regions with poor internet infrastructure while boosting
delivery in well developed areas.

Substantially reduced amount of data transferred out of the content hosting

server:

The amount of data transferred out is reduced due to:

Content caching and delivery directly from NOIA network. When content is already cached within
NOIA network, it is delivered to users directly from Worker Nodes without requesting for it again
from the source. It dramatically reduces data transfers out of the hosting storage.

Request optimization (pooling). Master Node Clients are responsible for pooling requests that (1)
originate from the same user, or (2) originate from different but similar in their geolocation users
during a slightly longer time window. This significantly decrease the number of requests directed to
the storage backends.

To conclude: while data transfers are very expensive, by optimizing processes, CLS can nevertheless
save huge amounts of money for web content providers and presents a real solution to the looming
internet content distribution bottleneck (See Section 1).

NOIA 22
Business Case

4.1. Applicability

In broad terms, the range of NOIA’s applicability is unlimited because it can be used to cache and
delivery virtually any type of internet content. Due to NOIA's structure and technology stack, any website
in the world can access the NOIA JS library and deliver content through its globally dispersed swarm of
individually operated bandwidth sharing nodes. This is what makes NOIA services truly scalable and
accessible to any content provider in the world.

The vast majority of projects considered to be decentralized typically develop a product or service that
involves the building of a completely new customer base from scratch while requiring customers to
discard the solution they are currently using in favour of the proposed one. Having to change user
habits and relied-upon technologies present serious obstacles to product scaling.

NOIA’s architecture and business model is purpose made to work separately, but along-side, other
solutions that companies may already be using. While there are already a tremendous number of
websites being hosted on centralized cloud storage services such as AWS, (in addition to various CDN
services), NOIA does not seek to disturb, but rather, function in harmony with these existing services
and infrastructure. The result, a “new” and enhanced internet made possible NOIA's revolutionary
concept of uniting countless computers into one world-wide, fully accessible network. NOIA's new
network will be fully accessible to every website in the world, regardless of where it may be hosted.

In addition, NOIA will be in a prime position to fully exploit both ongoing and anticipated developments
in decentralized hosting and networks (i.e. IPFS, Sia, Storj, etc.)

Being designed to be used in conjunction with any content hosting/delivery service, NOIA operates as a
distribution and optimization layer relying on a widely dispersed network of nodes, powered by
advanced P2P technologies and Artificial Intelligence, to drastically improve how data is delivered
across the internet. The result will be a decentralized layer for data transfers capable of utilizing the
existing internet infrastructure.

Business Case 23
 Content internet Decentralized internet
Content hosting / data management Content hosting / data management

Content distribution layer

Master Node

Node Node

Node Node Node

Node Node

Master Node

This approach positions NOIA directly within the ecosystem of both centralized and decentralized
content hosting and bridges them. In addition, NOIA's technology stack focuses on decisive traffic
prediction and efficient content delivery, totally superseding the need to store data for extended periods.
Specializing in content distribution and with a flexible product architecture, NOIA promises unlimited
applicability for any internet web hosted content.

4.2. Characteristics

NOIA will be a ready-to-use service in a relatively short period of time. Its lightweight architecture and
customer-oriented approach are further reasons NOIA will prove attractive to global web content
providers.

Key characteristics:

Easy to set up

To begin using the NOIA Network, first the CSL JS library has to be added to a website. This a simple
procedure that can be performed with minimal IT knowledge.

Business Case 24
The process is designed to be user-friendly and applicable to any website. Once the CSL JS library is in
place, the incoming requests are handled automatically by a Master Node within the NOIA Network, with
content being cached and delivered almost instantaneously.

Suitable to scale and deliver any type of content

The NOIA network will be capable delivering any type of web content: static, dynamic or interactive. In
the initial stages, the service will focus on scaling bandwidth-intensive static content, such as high
quality images, videos, software and other sizable data. Following the initial period, additional types of
content will be supported in the subsequent product development stages, rapidly establishing as NOIA
fully capable to handle even dynamic and interactive content such as HD live video streaming.

Customers can also host their content in different backends that NOIA supports:

HTTP protocol, that means customers can either host their content on their own server which has a
public IP, or on any CDN or any other network driver that expose original content in a http link.

FTP protocol, increasingly ancient but still an efficient way of hosting content supported by NOIA
Worker Nodes.

IPFS protocol, for customers that prefer decentralized network paradigm, IPFS is one of the popular
choices. CSL can help them scale the distribution of their files on IPFS, without worrying about the
content availability and throughput limit that using IPFS alone might entail.

Other decentralized protocols.

No need to change anything to start using NOIA

NOIA is designed to be fully compatible with any content hosting or CDN service. There is no need to
change a website’s hosting structure as NOIA can either be used as:

Standalone content delivery solution for any website hosted on the internet.

Additional content distribution and bandwidth optimization layer to any existing CDN
solution.

This feature makes NOIA easily applicable to any website in the world. Instead of trying to replace
existing hosting and CDN solutions, millions of websites that already have their structures in place will
be able to start using NOIA immediately and without difficulty.

No risk to start using NOIA

NOIA can serve as an optional layer for content delivery. Due to the request fallback mechanism feature,
there is no risk of website performance degradation when using NOIA. Once the NOIA CSL JS library

Business Case 25
has been added to a website, all incoming requests are handled via Master Nodes within the NOIA
network, and if the requested content is not already cached within the network, the request then
“fallbacks” directly to the original source and the content is then delivered from there as per usual. NOIA
never makes website visitors wait for delivery of requested content if the content is not already cached
and available. When unable to fulfill a request, NOIA will analyze the request and if deemed noteworthy
by the Master Node, may cache the requested content in anticipation of further requests. This then
ensures that the content in question will then be available for delivery for all subsequent requests
through the NOIA Network.

This means any website can immediately implement NOIA without fear of compromising quality or
negatively affecting user experience. By overcoming the barrier of uncertainty that surrounds the
adoption of a new technology, NOIA holds greats appeal to large content providers unable to tolerate
any degree of service degradation. Being easily adopted and effortlessly spread assures NOIA's
scalability, and web content providers only pay for successfully delivered content without assuming any
risk of failure.

4.3. Use cases

Use cases below illustrate how NOIA can create value to different types of customers depending
on their size, type of content they provide and solutions they already use.

Major use cases:

Standalone solution for content delivery - for small content providers

Since most medium and large web content providers use CDN services, NOIA, as a standalone solution,
would be most suitable for smaller web content providers that distribute around 10-100TB of content
per month and do not necessarily use a CDN. A CDN is not vital if the website’s audience is
concentrated in one country or region (i.e. Europe). In such cases, web content providers can host the
content in one location and deliver it directly from there. But the problem is that they still have to pay for
incoming requests and data transfers from wherever the content is hosted.

With NOIA, smaller web content providers can:

Significantly lower request handling and data transferring costs. Using NOIA the amount of
incoming requests are substantially reduced and the content is cached and delivered from the NOIA
network instead of the location where it is hosted (see 3.4 for more details). This reduces hosting
costs.

Use NOIA as their CDN layer and access the network of thousands globally dispersed POPs.

Business Case 26
 In addition to lowering costs, NOIA provides an opportunity for smaller web content providers to
dramatically improve their content delivery efficiency by using the network of globally dispersed
POP's. This can instantly improve a website’s speed and performance globally.

NOIA is the most cost-efficient solution for smaller web content providers that deliver around 10-20TB of
content per month.

Example:

For handling 200k requests and transferring out 15TB of data per month from AWS S3 (EU Frankfurt)
would cost around ~1500$ per month (https://aws.amazon.com/s3/pricing/).

NOIA can save up ~50% of this amount every month for every smaller web content provider.

Additional layer to existing CDN solution - for medium & large content
providers

The vast majority of medium and large content providers that distribute more than 100TB of data every
month use CDN services. They usually operate on a global scale and have visitors/customers from all
around the world. For such companies, CDN services are an essential and irreplaceable part of how they
conduct their business. Almost all big content providers buy CDN services from large cloud computing
companies such as Amazon Cloudfront, Akamai and Google.

Distributing large amounts of content globally remains very expensive and can be very inefficient. To
address these issues in the most productive way, we designed NOIA to act as an optimization layer to
be used in addition to any established CDN solution. In such cases, NOIA can be used without changing
the existing system structure. NOIA offers a perfect solution for medium & large content providers
seeking to optimize and improve their delivery.

When NOIA’s JS library is used, every request to the website would be first handled via NOIA's Master
Nodes, and if the requested content is not cached - the request will revert (“fallback”) directly to the
designated CDN server where the content is originally stored (see 3.4 for more details). Under such an
architecture, NOIA is responsible for predicting the traffic, while caching and delivering as much content
as possible, yet offering recourse to the existing CDN as a safety guarantee.

Business Case 27
 Hosted content
Content

Content delivery network

CDN

Content scalling layer

Node Node

Node Node Node

Visitors

By using NOIA as an additional layer to CDN, medium and large companies can:

Greatly reduce data transferring costs spent on CDN services. NOIA uses advanced P2P content
scaling technologies and Machine Learning in order to effectively handle incoming requests, cache
“trending” content in the network (without relying on repeated requests) and deliver it in the most
efficient way, thereby reducing the amount of content delivered via the CDN and consequently
lowering costs substantially.

Boost speed and quality of content delivery. The NOIA Network can help companies increase their
reach and speed of content delivery. By using the widely dispersed swarm of nodes on top of
globally located CDN servers, data can be better targeted and delivered with much greater precision.
Thousands of NOIA nodes provide deeper access to local networks, resulting in an increase in both
speed of delivery and quality of user experience. This is especially the case in regions with poorly
developed internet infrastructures or in countries seeking to serve expansive geographical areas
like the US or Russia.

Business Case 28
Example:

For a medium content provider to deliver 200TB of data per month using Akamai would cost
around ~30,000$.

NOIA can realize up to a ~50% monthly savings by delivering content directly from the network.

Content distribution layer - for decentralized content hosting

The development of decentralized content hosting services are currently on the rise. Services like IPFS,
Sia, Filecoin, Storj and others, offer anonymous and encrypted content hosting and file storing via a
decentralized swarm of globally distributed nodes. Nevertheless, in order for a website hosted on IPFS
(or other network) to provide a good user experience, it must deliver content in a fast and efficient way.

Right now almost all decentralized hosting services experience latency and content delivery issues
because the content is stored and scaled in a decentralized way and it’s very hard to predict what
locations the requests will come from and how efficient the content delivery will be. In these cases,
NOIA can serve as a content delivery layer to websites hosted on IPFS and significantly improve their
delivery speed by dynamically caching the content in NOIA’s network and distributing it based on the
traffic and location of requests. This can significantly improve IPFS service while maintaining privacy
and security of the content.

It is analogous to seeing IPFS as an equivalent to an AWS S3 hosting service with NOIA acting in the
role of an Amazon Cloudfront, and thereby significantly boosting the efficiency of content delivery
worldwide. In this way, NOIA is a major contribution to the infrastructure of both the newly emerging and
permanent web while greatly facilitating the adoption of technology.

Business Case 29
 Hosted content
Content

Content scalling layer

Node Node

Node Node Node

Visitors

In spite of the fact that the field of content delivery as hosted on IPFS, Sia, Filecoin, Storj and other
decentralized services, is still in its infancy, these technologies continue to advance very rapidly. Hence,
one of NOIA's prime aims is to fully exploit the content delivery possibilities of every major decentralized
content hosting platform.

4.4. Customer profile

Virtually any website in the world can employ the NOIA Network to serve content. However, services that
stand to benefit the most will be those with a large global reach serving bandwidth-intensive media.
Some typical customer profiles can be categorized as follows:

Video content platforms.

On-demand TV and Sports - the likes of Hulu, Vudu, Crackle, Netflix, ESPN, beIN Sports -
such on-demand services usually host their video content themselves, instead of using a
video player service that cuts into their profits.

Video sharing - such as YouTube, Twitch, Metacafe, DailyMotion.

Adult industry - porn sites account for the biggest share of the Internet traffic. One
of the most popular site Pornhub alone streams around 100 gigabytes of video every
second. It is estimated that there are over 4 million pornography websites and to them video
streaming costs are a very significant business expense.

Business Case 30
 Software downloads

Software / firmware downloads - whether that is software download directories

such as Cnet, Soft32, FileHippo, or a single product or service that offers to download their
application directly from their landing page - like Slack or Dropbox.

Gaming industry downloads / updates - these are usually very heavy and therefore
costly to deliver.

Over-the-Air (OTA) updates - various IOT devices, or even smart cars.

Audio streaming sites.

Music marketplaces and on-demand Music - high quality / lossless music file streaming
could be quite bandwidth-intensive and data-consuming. Examples include Spotify,
Bandcamp, Discogs, Encore, Vevo, 8tracks, Pandora.

Image hosting sites

Image hosting and slide sharing - services that serve high quality images - that could add
up to significant data usage. Examples include Flickr, Pinterest, Imgur, 500px, SlideShare,
MyPlick, SlideBoom.

4.5. Competitiveness

Even though NOIA is designed to be used in addition, and as a complement to, literally any hosting and
CDN service, it would not be strictly accurate to say NOIA competes directly against CDN solutions. It is
more a case that CDN services are being used as a basis for comparison simply due to the lack of any
current secondary networks comparable to NOIA.

It terms of price competitiveness, NOIA’s unique architectural design and blockchain-powered sharing
economy structure allow for significant reductions in data transfer costs.

The Table below contrasts NOIA with different CDN solutions in terms of type, number of POP’s, and
price for 50TB of data transferred out. NOIA clearly stands out from other services in terms of its
extremely competitive price and high dispersion of POP's.

Business Case 31
 Price for 50TB
Points of
CDN provider: Type: Dispersity: data transfer
Presence (POPs):
per month

Decentralized 100,000 POPs+ Very high ~$700

Centralized 1,600 POPs High ~$8000

Centralized 90 POPs Medium ~$5000

Centralized 35 POPs Medium ~$5000

Centralized 53 POPs Medium ~$4000

Centralized 19 POPs Low ~$3000

Bandwidth-intensive content constitutes the biggest share of monthly CDN cost for any of the above
mentioned online services. This is reflected by the perfectly reasonable outlays associated with dealing
with such that intensive data faced by CDN operators, such as:

1. Maintaining server farms – consisting of expensive equipment.

2. Employing hundreds of engineers to operate and supervise
3. Ongoing hardware upgrades.
4. Absorbing high bandwidth transmission costs.
5. Costs increase as a function of numbers of POP's (as in the case of Akamai).

A decentralized approach applying blockchain technology allows for significant cost reduction to be
realized in delivering bandwidth-intensive content:

1. Node operators usually pay very low & fixed monthly fees for bandwidth – this means virtually
bandwidth is virtually free.
2. NOIA Network carries minimal overheads due to decentralization & automation.

Business Case 32
3. Node operators are compensated directly from NOIA customers through smart contracts via the
Ethereum blockchain.

Due to its unique attributes and special technological architecture, NOIA is poised to be a highly
disruptive solution.

4.6. Node profile

Virtually anyone can set up a node on their personal computer. One needs only to have Internet access
and some free storage space.

Nodes located in countries where Internet is fast and cheap - such as Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong,
Singapore, or Romania - will benefit more due to the higher capacity of bandwidth throughput.

However, it still makes sense to operate a node in countries with higher prices and lower speeds – such
as New Zealand, Ireland, Australia, Qatar, UAE - especially if usage is not capped. Website operators in
these countries will be motivated to use NOIA’s network to avert the higher costs of local CDN
alternatives.

The scatter diagram below illustrates how countries compare in terms of internet price (60 Mbps or
More, Unlimited Data, Cable/ADSL) versus average connectivity speed.

Business Case 33
 Price vs. Average download speed
100
United
Arab
Emirates

75

New
Zealand
USA
Iceland
Australia Switzerland
Canada
Price

Ireland
50
Belgium Norway

Spain
Malaysia

Netherlands
Singapore
Slovenija United
Denmark
Kingdom
Italy
Indonesia France
Germany Sweden

Colombia
25 Austria Hong
Croatia Taiwan South Kong
Estonia Korea
Mexico
Thailand

Sri Lanka Belarus China Hungary

Poland
Vietnam Lithuania
Russia
Romania

Venezuela Ukraine

0
0 50 100 150

Average download speed

Increasing availability

Internet prices have been steadily decreasing and are expected to follow this trend into the foreseeable
future. Internet Service Providers across the globe are also moving increasingly towards uncapped
plans versus limited internet usage options.

As global internet infrastructure continues to develop and improve it will in turn only serve to strengthen
the NOIA Network.

Business Case 34
4.7. NOIA Edge®

NOIA Edge® is a privacy-focused, network-attached-storage (NAS) device, designed to run the NOIA
node client and provide private cloud service to its holders. NOIA Edge® enables individuals to enjoy
fast remote access, advanced data encryption, multimedia support, user-friendly file management and
other rich NAS services; all this while simultaneously running the NOIA node client and earning NOIA
tokens in return for sharing unused bandwidth and storage capacity.

NOIA Edge® is destined to become a full-scale, mass production business venture. Starting mid 2019,
the device is to be introduced to the general public.

4.7.1 NOIA Edge for the node client

The special characteristics of the NOIA Edge® hardware and software are combined within one device,
perfectly suited to running the Node Client while providing a fully reliable service. The device will serve
to “mine” maximize returns for dedicated bandwidth and storage resources.

In order to achieve a high level of network performance, bandwidth and storage resources have to be
available at all times. NOIA Edge® helps to achieve this by:

Bandwidth utilization. NOIA Edge® serves as a specialized network router, always reserving the
required capacity of available bandwidth to fulfill content delivery requests in the most efficient
way. This in turn, makes it possible to project and anticipate the availability of bandwidth resources
throughout the network and hence, maximize delivery performance.

Dedicated hardware. Since PC’s or laptops are constantly used for personal needs, they’re often
highly loaded by various processes consuming bandwidth and storage space. NOIA Edge® will have
a 1Gbps internal network card with specific, high-performance network drivers to handle peaks in
internet traffic at any one time (with an integrated 8 TB hard drive; with the possibility to expand the
storage via 2 SD card slots and 2 USB ports).

Higher up-time percentage. The device have to be connected to the internet via ethernet cable. It
consumes a negligible amount of electricity, it can be left plugged-in to automatically perform
content delivery, thereby achieving a significantly higher up-time percentage.

Uninterruptible service. Being a separate device, it will not be subject to interruptions by unrelated
programs and processes that may negatively affect performance.

Key benefits for NOIA Edge® owners:

Opportunity to maximize returns from content delivery. It will help users to maximize potential
return on dedicated bandwidth and storage resources and thus earn more NOIA tokens. Moreover,

Business Case 35
 Ability to easily scale the operations. Since there will be a possibility to easily increase the amount
of storage via 2 SD card slots and 2 USB ports, the scale of operations will be easily expandable by
adding more space to cache the content and upgrading your internet plan.

Chance to earn NOIA tokens without putting any effort. The device simply needs to be connected to
the internet and then all the content scaling operations will be handled automatically without any
additional supervision.

4.7.2 Privacy focused Network-Attached Storage (NAS) & multimedia center.

As a NAS device, personal data (photos; video files; business documents; etc.), can be securely stored
and accessed. The goal is to provide a privacy-focused, NAS device; employing advanced encryption
technologies to fully protect the data transmission channel, as well as stored content; thus attaining the
highest standard of data privacy.
Stored data may still be accessed remotely from any user’s device – PC; smartphone; or even from a
separate server. Due to the hardware and software configuration (setup), far-field transmission of data
will be up to 5-6 MB/s; which is more than enough to maintain a very high standard of customer
experience. Moreover, stored data could be shared through secure http links, without a 3rd party
needing specific software on their end.

NOIA Edge® will feature:

User-friendly file management software

Cloud synchronization
Ultra-fast, optimized data transfer speeds
Multiple backup options
Hardware RAID encryption
Secure data transmission channel
Multimedia center
Plex Media Server support

NOIA Edge® will also support multimedia streaming; to stream 4K videos; music or photos to your TV
with support for Chromecast; Apple TV; Xbox One; Amazon Fire TV; Android TV; LG and Samsung TVs.

Initial technical specifications:

1Gbps internal network card with a specific network drivers.

Integrated 8TB hard drive
CPU 4 core 1.5GHz processor.
2GB DDR3 RAM memory.

Business Case 36
 2 SD card slots
2 USB 3.0
HDMI

4.7.3 Release and production.

The release of the NOIA Edge® device will occur in 3 separate stages:

1st stage - NOIA ICO investors - 1st limited edition. The 1st edition of devices will only be available
for individuals that participated in the ICO. They will have a priority right to buy the NOIA Edge®
device at its prime cost. The 1st edition is expected to be released by the end of 2018.

2nd stage - Community / NOIA Token holders - 2nd edition. The 2nd edition will only be available
for wait-listed applicants that hold NOIA tokens and are active participants in the community. The
application process is expected to begin in October 2018 with the device due to be released at the
beginning of 2019.

3rd stage - Retail.

The 3rd edition will be available to the general public. Beginning in the middle of 2019, the 3rd
edition will be sold on Amazon.com. The expected retail price will be around $300.

Business Case 37
Token Economy

5.1. The NOIA Token

The NOIA Network will issue its own token, called a “NOIA Token”, as a medium of exchange (payment)
for its participants. A NOIA Token will be a utility token used to transfer value among NOIA Network
participants. The token will be compliant with the ERC223 token standards (ERC20 compatible).

Businesses with a demand for content delivery services will primarily be the buyers of NOIA Tokens.
Initially, a single NOIA Token will represent 5 GB of data transfer, wherein owners of websites or
applications will use it to exercise content delivery services. The exchange rate between a NOIA Token
and the amount of data transferred is to be pegged only during the Initial Coin Offering (ICO). In order to
facilitate forecasting of expenditures for our customers, in the future NOIA services (data transfer
pricing) will also be denominated in fiat currency. Customers will know exactly how much they’re paying
in fiat at all times, even as the USD/NOIA exchange rate fluctuates.

Existing content delivery service providers price their services at around 0.08 USD per GB. Given that the
NOIA Network reaches its hard cap, the price per 1 GB via NOIA, would be equal to approximately 0.01
USD; or up to 8 times cheaper that the current market average.

NOIA tokens are used for:

Value transfer from customers to node

NOIA is the sole currency within the system that is being transferred from its customers (content
hosting websites) onto its nodes that deliver that content for them.

Network governance
Monetary incentives will help ensure that network’s participants are inclined to act in the most
beneficial way to the network.

Rewarding productive work

Principal network supervisors - Master Nodes - stake NOIA tokens in order to be able to participate an
govern the network. They are being rewarded for their work in NOIA tokens.

Penalizing malicious work

When caught, bad actors will be penalized monetarily (NOIA allocations will not be granted to them
and their reputations within the system will suffer greatly).

NOIA token features:

Natural scarcity

Token Economy 38
The available NOIA Token supply will decrease as demand for NOIA services increase. In order to
employ the NOIA Node network, customers will have to purchase a certain amount of NOIA Tokens
(expressed in fiat denomination). For example, say they purchase enough NOIA Tokens to last a month.
The NOIA Tokens will now be held in their personal NOIA Wallet, pending disbursement; these tokens
will now be excluded from the remaining total available supply.

Delay in payments

As every transfer of value on a blockchain is associated with a transaction fee, a certain time delay
between distributing awards, during which time awards can accumulate and hence be ultimately
transferred to Nodes with lower transaction costs, will be instated. Since Nodes will be providing a
continuous service, they will be technically earning rewards continuously as well. But issuing payment
continuously would incur unnecessary transaction fees. Therefore, to minimize transaction fees while
maximizing net Node payout rewards, we will be implementing modest delays in issuing rewards in
order to decrease transaction costs while increasing net Node payout.

NOIA Wallet Account

Since NOIA Tokens are ERC20 compatible, an Ethereum Wallet address is fully suitable to act as a NOIA
account, and therefore sufficient to launch a CSL Worker Node. Every CSL Worker Node Client will carry
an implementation for a NOIA Wallet, and be capable of receiving NOIA Tokens (transferred between
accounts or as rewards for participating in the NOIA Network); creating your unique address (account);
and usual Ethereum Wallet features; such as transferring tokens between addresses; and backup/
recovery of the wallet.

Since an Ethereum address will be constituting the basis of a NOIA account, all accounts will be
automatically transparent and anonymous. Furthermore, NOIA will feature an additional proprietary
application layer for people to create a cloud-based account; add their NOIA accounts to it; and have
additional features such as monitoring or email alerts, much as typical cryptocurrency mining pools.

5.2. Flow of value

The flow of monetary value in the NOIA Economy can be outlined by examining the main (non-
speculative) buyers and sellers in the market.

Buyers

Customers

Token Economy 39
The main buyers of NOIA Token will be businesses that have a demand for content delivery services,
and NOIA Token will be the only method available with which to transact within the ecosystem.
However, a smart payment gateway will be implemented to allow any user to purchase NOIA services
using a fiat currency of their choice, such as US dollars or Euros. Through the payment gateway, NOIA
Tokens will be bought and sold through the “back-end” only, making the whole process simple, invisible
and user-friendly.

Sellers

Nodes

Nodes will be comprised of either previously idle home networked computer (which had been a net cost
to their owners), and dedicated network endpoints expressly purchased for the purpose of earning NOIA
Tokens.

Free market forces alone will determine the exact earnings of each Node, but we estimate that the
median payout will settle around USD50.00 worth of NOIA Tokens per month (depending on various
factors; see following section).

While some Node operators may choose to hold NOIA Tokens, on average, it can be assumed, Node
operators will be net sellers of NOIA Tokens in the market.

CSL Smart
Node 1 Node 1 Customer 1
Contracts

Node 1 Node 1 Customer 2

Node 1 Node 1 Customer 3

Exchange / Payment gateway

5.3. Node reward system

In order to participate, a Node allocates its resources to the network while the CSL protocol utilizes
those resources in the most optimal way. In return, NOIA Tokens will be awarded, based predominantly
on the following variables:

Storage utilization - amount of HDD/SSD devoted to store content traveling through NOIA’s network

Token Economy 40
 Bandwidth utilization - the rate at which a Node is serving content, when working at capacity.

Uptime factor - indicator that assesses node’s availability / accessibility

The actual number of tokens awarded may also reflect a Node’s geographic location, demand of CSL
services, and other hard-to-measure factors.

5.4. Governance layer (Smart Contracts)

The Governance Layer consists of a set of Smart Contracts that govern the whole value transfer
ecosystem. Smart Contracts run on Ethereum blockchain and are written in Solidity language. These
rules (contracts) define and regulate how NOIA Tokens are to be transferred between accounts.

Smart Contracts facilitate an autonomous, frictionless and self regulating data transfer economy by
performing the following functions:

Enable Customers to purchase services

Firstly, the Smart Contract keeps track of how much service (in terms of data transfer) a Customer has
remaining in their NOIA Wallet at any given time.

Worker Nodes are rewarded for their work

Next, Worker Nodes need to be compensated for their share of work in the cooperative system of
content delivery. In this instance, the Smart Contract keeps track of the pertinent variables (such as
available bandwidth, storage and Node Up-time) that will be used as inputs in calculating rewards.
(Note: These variables are discussed in more depth in the Technical Paper).

Smart Contracts will perform calculations as instructed, and execute based on pre-programed rules and
conditions, making value transfer fully autonomous.

Note: For a more detailed description of the Governance Layer (Smart Contracts), refer to the Technical
Paper.

Token Economy 41
Implementation & Roadmap

The team is totally focused on implementing best practices in creating a fully operational sharing economy.
The 3 main operational areas are:

Technology - Development and implementation of the Content Scaling Layer technology.

Network - Creation of a completely reliable network of NOIA nodes.
Business development & sales - Sales & marketing strategy execution.

Stage 1 - Minimum Viable Products - 2018 Q1

Technology:

The MVP of the NOIA Network (NOIA Node Client and CSL JS Library) will be released in 2018 Q1 to
showcasing core technology of how content is cached and delivered using personal machines. The
MVP will be limited to:

Request handling
Simple Worker Node load balancing
Single-node delivery points
Simple content caching strategies
Basic encryption
Basic data calculations
No payments / rewards (no smart contracts)
Node client interface (desktop) - balance account, dashboard

With these features, the MVP version would be capable of handling user requests, caching the
content on personal machines and delivering it directly to the users. Visitors would be able to test
it on http://noia.network/

Since the MVP version is being released for testing purposes, initially a small number of Nodes will be
set up, hosting different web content in multiple locations around the world. We will then encourage
early supporters to download the NOIA Node Client and run it on their personal machines to cache and
deliver dummy data.

Most importantly, the MVP will not only serve as a demo, but also serve as a “testnet” for understanding
the dynamics of content delivery and identifying any bottlenecks. This will aid in developing the
software faster and improving delivery performance.

Implementation & Roadmap 42

Network:

All network statistics from our initial Network of Nodes (comprised of ourselves and early supporters),
will be published on http://noia.network/. Interested parties will be encouraged to track NOIA’s progress
and support the network.

Business development & sales:

Business development during the MVP stage will focus on establishing partnerships. As NOIA is a
distribution layer, the aim will be to establish partnerships with other startups engaged in content
hosting/storing within the blockchain space. Developing such relationships will both expand and
improve technology performance for all parties.

In addition, relationships with partners working in artificial intelligence and networking technologies will
be sought.

Stage 2 - Alpha version / Testnet - 2018 Q3

Technology:

Development will be focused on these key areas:

Smart contracts. Smart Contracts will be written to allow rewarding participants, therefore creating
a flow of value - nodes are now getting paid and customers are being charged.

Master Node network. Master node client software will developed and implemented in the network.
In the beginning it will be centralized to ensure security, govern processes and keep the ledger.

Multi-node delivery. Delivery sources will be combined (torrent-like principle) - content division
strategies will need to be implemented - goal is to minimize dependence of single nodes for certain
content.

Merging requests. Request merging algorithms will be developed and implemented.

Advanced content delivery and content caching strategies. Advanced algorithms for fastest-route
discovery and predictable content caching will be implemented.

Node reputation / rating system. Work verification processes - stability, speed, uptime and similar
variables will be taken into account - system for catching and penalizing cheaters will be created

NOIA CSL JS library. Fully operational CSL JS library that can be added to every website.

Implementation & Roadmap 43

Business development & sales:

Once sound technological advancement of the MVP version and release of the NOIA CSL JS Library
have been realized, the goal will be to actively focus on attracting potential customers to test our
network and help us further understand how we can best serve their concrete needs. Companies with a
propensity and willingness to use the network in the near future will be given priority.

Initial targets will be specific markets with the following characteristics:

Relatively large incoming internet traffic from other geographies.

Great internet infrastructure inside the country.
Large population density.

Consequently, we are considering the UK, the Japanese and the South Korean markets as most promising
and where we plan to start. Targeted customers in the beginning will include:

Image hosting websites.

News media website.
Adult websites.
Gaming industry websites.

Network:

To attract a solid number of reliable Nodes within the proposed target markets, a promotional Smart
Contact based Node Reward Program will be developed to reward Nodes for contributing bandwidth and
storage in advance of actually delivering data. Through this and other measures, we aim to create a
initial community of 2,000 Nodes within each target market.

Stage 3 - Beta version - 2019 Q2

Technology:

Basic traffic prediction implementation. Machine learning will be implemented to analyse key
network performance parameters.

Basic traffic anticipation implementation. Integration with Google Analytics and user interface to
schedule content delivery.

Fallback mechanism implementation. Advanced fallback mechanism will be developed

to avoid any risk of service degradation for websites that start using NOIA network.

Implementation & Roadmap 44

 Decentralization of Master Node network. Developed and tested smart contracts will enable
autonomous system - Worker Nodes will be able to become Master Nodes based on certain
parameters and proof of stake mechanism.

Payment gateway. Payment gateways will enable fiat payments (tokens will run and will be
exchanged in the backend)

Business development & sales:

After the release of the alpha version, we’ll start a broad marketing campaign to attract more and more
customers to join the network. We’re planning to have a number of paying customers by the end of this
stage.

Network:

We plan to have a network of around 10,000 Working Nodes in target locations.

Stage 4 & Stage 5

These two stages will be described slightly later as the project progresses.

Implementation & Roadmap 45

Tech team

James D. Robinson - CDN architecture

Jim served as the original Director of Network Operations at Akamai

Technologies, Inc. where he was responsible for building and managing the
global Network Operation Center from the ground up all the way through to the
IPO. Today, the network delivers 35% of all Internet traffic.

Miao Zhicheng - NOIA architect / developer

Miao has worked in the software industry for more than 10 years, while at Skype
he worked closely with its peer-to-peer network stack - he has the knowledge of
how to put the vision into practice for building decentralized software systems.

Jonas Simanavicius - CTO

Jonas co-founded Clouder after spending 3 years in J.P Morgan, working as an

Associate Applications Developer. He previously worked as an Analyst at Royal
Bank of Scotland. Jonas holds a 1st class Bachelor's degree in Software
Engineering from University of Edinburgh.

Virginijus Magelinskas - CDN architect

Virginijus has over 18 years of professional experience in IT. Being a Solutions

Architect, he designed various IPTV/OTT solutions, created private CDNs and
mastered AWS, Akamai and Google CDN products like the back of his hand.
Virginijus holds a Master's Degree in Information Systems Engineering.

Justinas Valutavicius - Co-founder / Senior CSL developer

Justinas has over 11 years of professional experience. He's held the CTO
position in multiple IT companies. Before co-founding Tellq, he developed
complex GPS truck tracking systems. Besides being a full-stack developer,
Justinas also has a deep understanding of neural networks.

Vytautas Jurenas - Quant developer

Vytautas has 8 years of professional background in finance and energy sectors.

Vytautas holds MSc in Econometrics, he specializes in designing and coding
algorithms and is well-equipped with machine learning knowledge and practice.

Team 46
 Jaanek Oja - Blockchain developer

Jaanek has worked in software industry for almost 20 years. Being hands on
programmer in frontend and backend developments, leading teams and
architecting complex systems. Past years he has helped Startups to succeed in
building their software stacks and products.

Danielius Dvareckas - Junior CSL developer

Jaanek has worked in software industry for almost 20 years. Being hands on
programmer in frontend and backend developments, leading teams and
architecting complex systems. Past years he has helped Startups to succeed in
building their software stacks and products.

Dovydas Navickas - Development Lead

Dovydas has founded several companies and has an extensive experience in

architecting and building large high-performance systems, managing efficient
teams and delivering quality products.

Martynas Zilinskas - Software engineer

Dovydas has founded several companies and has an extensive experience in

architecting and building large high-performance systems, managing efficient
teams and delivering quality products.

Team 47
Tech advisors

Ahmed Shawky - CDN infrastructure

Ahmed is a PhD with 12 years of experience in Networks and distributed

systems. His first job was forecasting Network capacity and building a network
for TDC - the largest Internet Service Provider in Denmark. While Senior
Capacity Planning Manager at Akamai Technologies, he assisted regional
teams in realizing capacity plans for strategic locations.

Francesco Altomare - CDN security

Francesco is a Cisco Certified Network Associate, who has worked for IBM’s
Cloud-based Services for several years, before joining Akamai Technologies as
an Engineer for Priority Accounts. He’s especially experienced in the Security
aspects of operating and protecting a CDN infrastructure.

Anatoly Ressin - Smart contracts

Anatoly has plenty of professional experience in the industry. Having

contributed to Civic (as a contractor), C.T.Co (senior software developer),
#Decent (core developer), New Horizons CLC. He also founded Blockvis - smart
contracts development and consulting company.

Daniel Hulme - AI, Machine Learning

Daniel is the CEO of Satalia, a company that provides full-stack Artificial

Intelligence (AI) solutions. He is also the Director of UCL’s Business Analytics
MSc, applying AI to solve business and social problems. He is a serial speaker
for Google and TEDx, as well as a faculty member of the Singularity University.

Team 48
Business team & advisors

Domas Povilauskas - Co-founder / Business

Domas co-founded one of the most fastest-growing SaaS startups in the Baltic
region - Tellq. His understanding of network technologies and data streaming
businesses led to the initial concept of NOIA. Domas is responsible for business
development and product vision.

Kipras Kazlauskas - Co-founder / Investments

Kipras is an independent financial advisor focusing on Venture Capital, Private

Equity. He's made several early-stage investments in different startups. Kipras
is responsible for investor relations, legal and organizational aspects of NOIA.

Domantas Jaskunas - Co-founder / Operations

Domantas comes from a financial background with international education and

work experience. He's funded different startups and now co-founded NOIA.
Domantas is responsible for the operational side of the project - overseeing
Product, Marketing, HR and other areas.

Edwin-Alexander Kuss - Sales strategy

Edwin, a Regional Director at Limelight Networks, one of the 5 leading global

CDNs, is highly experienced in the CDN industry providing insight into the
competitive landscape regarding pricing, capacities and services.

Mirza Uddin - Investments

Edwin, a Regional Director at Limelight Networks, one of the 5 leading global

CDNs, is highly experienced in the CDN industry providing insight into the
competitive landscape regarding pricing, capacities and services.

Tobias Spröhnle - Business Development

Tobias is a recognised thought-leader in financial data products and financial

market infrastructure. He held senior positions at the German stock exchange,
Markit and the London Stock Exchange and was CEO of Thomson Reuters
Benchmark Services.

Team 49
 Tadas Langaitis - Tokenomics

Tadas is one of first CFA certified finance professionals in the Baltic region, he
has been a partner at an investment bank, worked in the first VC fund in the
Baltic states. Besides being a successful entrepreneur, he also co-founded
multiple non-profit organizations. Tadas is a former Member of Parliament of
Lithuania.

Marc X. Ellul - AI, Machine Learning

Marc is the Managing Partner of Ellul & Co. Marc has been a member of the
Gibraltar Finance Centre Council for the past 10 years. He is actively involved in
distributed ledger technology based startups, advising them on the set-up of
regulated exchanges, public token sale and the establishment of digital asset
investment funds.

Team 50
Disclosures

8.1 Corporate Governance

Corporate Governance Principles

The Company has adopted a set of six key principles to guide the behaviour of its Management Team.
This will assist us in achieving its commercial objectives, those of the NOIA Network and in striving to
comply with best practice at all times.

Leadership

The Management Team shall lead with the intent of meeting our commercial objectives and those of the
NOIA Network in the short and the long term.

Ethics, Honesty & Integrity

The Management Team shall ensure that the business of the Company is conducted in an ethical, fair
and transparent manner. The Management Team shall act with honesty and integrity in their work and
also in their personal lives.

Capability

The Management Team shall have an appropriate combination of knowledge, skills, qualifications and
experience to enable them to discharge their duties and responsibilities effectively and to the highest
standards.

Sustainability

The Management Team shall guide the business of the Company to create value and allocate it fairly
and sustainably to ensure that adequate financial and non-financial resources are maintained.

Accountability

The Management Team shall be accountable and shall communicate to stakeholders at regular
intervals, a fair and balanced assessment of how the Company is meeting its business commercial
objectives and those of the NOIA Network.

Disclosures 51
Reputation

The Management Team shall ensure that they uphold and protect the interests of the communities in
which the NOIA Network operates and safeguard the reputation and integrity of Gibraltar and of the
global blockchain community.

Internal corporate governance controls, policies & procedures

The above key principles, serve as a good governance guide to the Management Team. In addition, the
Company has a range of policies which assist it in adhering to the highest standards. These include:

Corporate Governance Policy – This sets out how we implement internal controls to manage our
business in accordance with high corporate governance standards. It includes board and other
operating procedures which we will follow and clearly specifies the responsibilities of the board of
Directors and also of each other member of the Management Team. Amongst other things, it
specifies a reporting methodology (to the Board of Directors), conflicts of interest policy and a
whole series of other internal controls.

Anti-Financial Crime Policy – This includes a methodology, in full compliance with Gibraltar law (EU
standard) to prevent money laundering, terrorist financing, bribery and corruption and to report
suspicious transaction to the Gibraltar authorities.

Customer Due Diligence Measures Policy – This includes a methodology (to EU

standards) to risk assess our clients including an approach for individuals and all types of
legal entities.

Risk Management Policy – This sets out a methodology for us to identify, assess, manage and
mitigate the risks of our business.

GDPR-compliant Data Protection Policy – We take data protection very seriously and have
implemented a policy to handle customer data which complies with the EU General Data Protection
Regulation will come into effect in May 2018.

Policies on the protection of digital assets and ICT/Cybersecurity – We have thorough policies and
procedures in this regard which we have developed with the assistance of specialised
professionals.

8.2 Disclosures & Legal

Contents of this whitepaper

Disclosures 52
You must read the contents of this whitepaper carefully before participating in the NOIA token sale. The
contents of this whitepaper are not used for financial promotions. No entity other than the Company can
engage in issuing NOIA tokens which are intended to operate and function in accordance with the plans
described in the whitepaper (subject to development changes).

Sale of NOIA

This whitepaper and any other documents published in association therewith relate to a token offering
for the sale of NOIA in respect of the intended development and use of the NOIA Network as more
particularly set out herein.

No offer of regulated products

This whitepaper does not constitute an offer or solicitation of securities or any other regulated product,
nor a promotion, invitation or solicitation for investment purposes. The terms of the purchase of NOIA
are not intended to be a financial service offering document or a prospectus. The sole purpose of NOIA
are to access the NOIA Network and the related products and services as described in this whitepaper.

NOIA does not represent equity, shares, units, royalties or rights to capital, profit, returns or income in the
platform or software or in the Company or in any other company or intellectual property associated with the
NOIA Network or any other public or private enterprise, corporation, foundation or other entity in any
jurisdiction. NOIA tokens are not intended to represent a security or similar legal interest and are not an
investment product.

No advice

This whitepaper does not constitute advice to purchase NOIA and must not be relied upon in connection
with any contract or purchasing decision.

Risk warnings

The purchase of NOIA carry significant risks. You should carefully assess this whitepaper and all
risks related thereto before purchasing any NOIA.

Obtain all necessary professional advice

You should consult a lawyer and/or accountant and/or tax professional (as required) before
deciding to purchase any NOIA.

Disclosures 53
This whitepaper describes a future project

This whitepaper contains forward-looking statements which are based on the beliefs of the Company,
certain assumptions made by us and information available to us. The projects described in this
whitepaper are under development and are constantly being updated, including but not limited to, its
technical features. Accordingly, if and when the NOIA Network is completed, it may differ significantly
from the project set out in this whitepaper. No representation or warranty is given as to the achievement
or reasonableness of any plans, future projections or prospects and nothing in this document is or
should be relied upon as a promise or representation as to the future.

NOIA relate to the development and use of experimental software and technologies that may not
come to fruition or achieve the objectives specified in this whitepaper.

Licences and approvals are not assured in all jurisdictions

The Company intends to operate in full compliance with applicable laws and regulations and obtain the
necessary licences and approvals in key markets. Therefore, the development and rollout of all the
features of the NOIA Network described in this whitepaper are not guaranteed. Regulatory licences and/
or approvals are likely to be required in Gibraltar and, potentially, in a number of relevant jurisdictions in
which relevant activities may take place. It is not possible to guarantee and we, and no member of its
Management Team nor its Advisers, makes any assurances that any such licences or approvals will be
obtained within a particular timeframe or at all. It is, therefore possible that some features of the
proposed NOIA Network may not be available in certain markets, or at all. This could require
restructuring of particular aspects of the Ecosystem and/or may result in its unavailability in whole or in
part.

Views of the Company only

The views and opinions expressed in this whitepaper are those of the Company and do not
reflect the official policy or position of any government, quasi-government, authority or public
body (including but not limited to any regulatory body of any jurisdiction) in any jurisdiction.
Information contained in this whitepaper is based on sources considered reliable by us but there is no
assurance as to their accuracy or completeness.

8.3 Risk Factors

The following are risk factors you should consider relating to the NOIA token sale, the NOIA Network and
the projects to be undertaken in this regard.

The Company may not raise sufficient funds to execute and deliver the NOIA Network.

Disclosures 54
 NOIA may be significantly influenced by digital currency market trends and their value may be
seriously depreciated due to events in the digital currency markets not related to the Company’s
actions.

The NOIA Network will comprise a complex software platform and its launch may be significantly
delayed due to unforeseen development barriers.

Competition may introduce the same or better solutions to the NOIA Network as a whole and may
cause NOIA tokens to lose market share and eventually fail to deliver on its business goals and on
those of the NOIA Network.

Digital currencies are extremely volatile and NOIA may suffer from such volatility.

International laws and regulations may render the trading of NOIA impossible.

The use of NOIA may come under the scrutiny of governmental institutions and regulatory
authorities.

The ownership of NOIA may fall under new and unpredicted taxation laws that may erode their
benefits.

The Company may not succeed in creating the necessary momentum and acceptance for NOIA or
the NOIA Network which may result in low liquidity and depletion of trades.

Disclosures 55
Whitepaper Version 2.0.
Last updated: 14 July, 2018