FUNCTIONS LIBRARY

thmcad2008v1.dll

Content:

1. Thermodynamic H2O properties.

Function Category: _TABLICE PARY

2. Gas properties.
Function Category: _GAZY

3. Flue gas properties.

Function Category: _SPALINY

4. Heat transfer coefficients.

Function Category: _WYMIANA CIEPŁA
1. Thermodynamic H2O properties
Function Category: _TABLICE PARY

Basic units: m, kg, s, MPa, °C, kJ

Range of applicability: temperature - (0,01-800 °C), pressure - (0,0006 - 100 MPa)

Function name. Abbreviation Sat (Saturation) in name describes water in saturation conditions.
Digits in name describe functions: 1 – on line of water (x=0) and 2 – line of steam (x=1).

Outside wet steam

Properties Units Wet steam area Whole area
area

Pressure Mpa pSat(t) p_tv(t,v)

Temperature °C tSat(p) t_ps(p,s) t_ph(p,h)

Sp. Enthalpy kJ/kg h1Sat(t) h2Sat(t) h_tp(t,p) h_ps(p,s) h_tv(t,v)

Sp. Entropy kJ/(kg·K) s1Sat(t) s2Sat(t) s_tp(t,p) s_ph(p,h) s_tv(t,v)

Sp. Volume m3/kg v1Sat(t) v2Sat(t) v_tp(t,p) v_ps(p,s) v_ph(p,h)

Dryness factor - x_ps(p,s) x_ph(p,h)

Sp. Heat
kJ/(kg·K) Cp1Sat(t) Cp2Sat(t) Cp(t,p)
capacity
Dynamic
Pa·s Visc1Sat(t) Visc2Sat(t) Visc(t,p)
viscosity.
Thermal
W/(m·K) Lambda1Sat(t) Lambda2Sat(t) Lambda(t,p)
conductivity.

3
4 10

3
3 10
h [kJ/kg]

h1Sat t .x
3
( )
h2Sat t .x
2 10
Wet steam
( ) area
3
1 10

4.174
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
0.015 s1Sat t.x , s2Sat t .x 9.13
s [kJ/kgK]
( ) ( )
2. Gas properties.
Function Category: _GAZY

Input parameters:
t - temperature, °C
r - volume fraction of H2O(steam) in flue gas, -

Function Unit Function description

CpAir(t) kJ/(um3·K)

CpCO2(t) kJ/(um3·K)
Average heat capacity of 1 m3 in normal conditions of gas between temperatures
CpH2O(t) kJ/(um3·K) (0 ÷ t ) °C
Functions for air, CO2, H2O, N2, O2.
CpN2(t) kJ/(um3·K)

CpO2(t) kJ/(um3·K)

CpAsh(t) kJ/(kg·K) Average heat capacity of 1 of ash between temperatures (0 ÷ t ) °C

HAir(t) kJ/um3 Enthalpy of 1m3 of air in normal conditions and temperature t .

LambdaAir(t) W/(m·°C) Thermal conductivity of air in temperature t

PrAir(t) - Prandtl number of air in temperature t .

ViscAir(t) 2
m /s Kinematic viscosity of air in temperature t .

LambdaGas(t) W/(m·°C) Thermal conductivity of typical flue gas (11% H2O) in temperature t .

MLambda(t,r) - Correction factor of thermal conductivity

PrGas(t) - Prandtl number of typical flue gas (11% H2O) in tempertature t .

MPr(r) - Correction factor of Prandtl number of flue gas.

ViscGas(t) Kinematic viscosity of typical flue gas (11% H2O) in temperature t .

MVisc(t,r) - Correction factor of kinematic viscosity

* um3 - normal conditions ( 0 °C, 0.101325 Mpa)

3. Flue gas properties
Function Category: _SPALINY

Input parameters:
tg - temperature, oC
f - excess air, -
Fuel - fuel composition vector.

For solid fuel Fuel=(Wr,Ar,Cr,Hr,Or,Sr,Nr,Aun), where Wr, Ar, Cr, Hr, Or, Sr, Nr – mass
fractions (kg/kg) : moisture, ash, elements: C, H, O, S, N.
∑ (Wr,Ar,Cr,Hr,Or,Sr,Nr) = 1
Aun – Ash entrainment, ash fraction entrained with the flue gas (eg. 0.9)

For gaseous fuel Fuel=( H2,CH4,C2H4,C2H6,C3H6,C3H8,C4H10,N2,CO,CO2,O2).

Vector elements are the volume fractions of constituents (m 3/m3).
∑ (H2,CH4,C2H4,C2H6,C3H6,C3H8,C4H10,N2,CO,CO2,O2) = 1

Function Units Function description

CAsh(f, Fuel) kg/um3 Ash concentration in 1m3 of flue gas in normal conditions. (For solid fuel).
kJ/(kg·K) Average heat capacity of flue gas from 1 kg of solid fuel or 1 m3 in normal
CpGas(tg, f, Fuel) kJ/(um3·K) conditions of gas fuel between (0 ÷ t ) °C
kJ/kg Specific enthalpy of flue gas from 1 kg of solid fuel or 1 m3 in normal conditions of
HGas(tg, f, Fuel) kJ/um3 gas in temperature t

rCO2(f, Fuel) um3/um3 Volume fraction of CO2 in the flue gas.

rH2O(f, Fuel) um3/um3 Volume fraction of H2O in the flue gas.

rN2(f, Fuel) um3/um3 Volume fraction of N2 in the flue gas.

rO2(f, Fuel) um3/um3 Volume fraction of O2 in the flue gas.

rSO2(f, Fuel) um3/um3 Volume fraction of SO2 in the flue gas.

um3/kg Stoichiometric air demand in normal conditions for 1 kg of solid fuel or 1 m 3 in

V0Air(Fuel) um3/um3 normal conditions of gas fuel.
um3/kg Flue gas flow rate in normal conditions for 1 kg of solid fuel or 1 m3 in normal
VGas(f, Fuel) um3/um3 conditions of gas fuel.
um3/kg
VCO2(f, Fuel) um3/um3
um3/kg
VH2O(f, Fuel) um3/um3
um3/kg Amount of flue gas component in normal conditions for 1 kg of solid fuel or 1 m3 in
VN2(f, Fuel) um3/um3 normal conditions of gas fuel.
um3/kg
VO2(f, Fuel) um3/um3
um3/kg
VSO2(f, Fuel) um3/um3
4. Heat transfer coefficients.
Function Category: _WYMIANA CIEPŁA

Input parameters:
tsp1, tsp2 – flue gas temperatures at the tube bundle exits °C
t1, t2 – water temperatures at the tube bundle exits, °C
tg - average flue gas temperature, tg=0.5(tsp1+tsp2) , °C
t - average water temperature, t=0.5(t1+t2) , °C
tsurf - temperature on the tube outer surface (metal or ash), °C

p - average water pressure, MPa

n - number of passes in crossflow

emis - flue gas emissivity, -

vel - average velocity of flue gas in the smallest crossection outsider tubes,
or average velocity of fluid inside the tubes, m/s
r - volume fraction of H2O(steam) in the flue gas, -

dz - outer tube diameter, m

dw - inner tube diameter, m
s1 - transverse pitch, m
s2 - longitudinal pitch, m
z2 - number of tubes along the flow, -

Function Units Description

Alfa1c(tg, vel, r, dz, s1, s2, z2)
Alfa1s(tg, vel, r, dz, s1, s2, z2)
Alfa1sAir(tair, vel, dz, s1, s2, z2)
Alfa2(t, p, vel, dw)
Alfa2Gas(tg, vel, r, dw)
Alfar(tg, tsurf, emis)
Tube bundle placed transversely to the flue gas flow. In line tube
W/(m2·K)
arrangement. Heat transfer coefficient from flue gas to the tube bundle.
Tube bundle placed transversely to the flue gas flow. Staggered tube
W/(m2·K)
arrangement. Heat transfer coefficient from flue gas to the tube bundle.
Tube bundle placed transversely to the flue gas flow. Staggered tube
W/(m2·K)
arrangement. Heat transfer coefficient from air to the tube bundle.
Water flow inside the pipe.
W/(m2·K)
Heat transfer coefficient between water and metal surface.
Flue gas inside the pipe.
W/(m2·K)
Heat transfer coefficient between flue gas and metal surface.
W/(m2·K) Radiation heat transfer coefficient.

dtCoflow(tsp1, tsp2, t1, t2) °C MLTD for co-flow heat exchanger.

dtCounterflow(tsp1, tsp2, t1, t2) °C MLTD for counter-flow heat exchanger.

dtCross(n, tsp1, tsp2, t1, t2) °C MLTD for crossflow heat exchanger.

FiCross(n, tsp1, tsp2, t1, t2) - Correction factor for crossflow.