REFRESHER NOTES JULY 2018 - PRACTICAL PROBLEM

1. What is the maximum temperature allowed for shower?

a. 40 deg C c. 60 deg C
b. 1 deg C d. 100 deg C
2. A type of tank which is cylindrical in shape and which is used in large hot water supply. It
is usually installed either in a horizontal or vertical position and is made of heavy-duty
stainless steel sheets.
a. hot storage tank c. pressure tank
b. range boiler d. cistern
3. What is the maximum length of the fire hose that shall be equipped on wet standpipes?
a. 12 meters c. 22 meters
b. 25 meters d. 17 meters
4. A dry chemical used in Class A, B, and C fire extinguishers.

a. sodium bi carbonate c. carbon dioxide

b. mono ammonium phosphate d. potassium bi carbonate
5. What do you call the gravel base at the bottom of a laid pipe?
a. firm bed c. filter bed
b. foundation bed d. fill bed
6. What part of a faucet is commonly repaired?
a. Washer/gasket c. handle
b. disc d. valve body
7. A material used in threaded pipe to avoid water leakage.
a. Solvent cement c. reamer
b. Primer d. teflon
8. What is the minimum dimension for a turning space in a water closet stall intended for
disabled persons?
a. 1 m c. 1.5 m
b. 1.2 m d. 2 m
9. What type of urinal should be provided for disabled persons?
a. squat type c. through type
 b. wall hung d. pedestal type
10. Where should the overflow pipe lead for overhead tank installed on buildings?
a. soil stack c. gutter
b. storm drain d. scupper
11. The following are the data required whenever a registered Master Plumber signs the
blueprint of the building plan except.
a. PTR expiration c. PRC lic. number
b. TIN d. PTR place of issue
12. Where the number of water closets in a floor exceeds 20, how many of these shall be
provided to the disabled person?
a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 d. 4
13. What is the minimum number of slip joints fittings that may be used on the outlet side of
the trap?
a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 d. 4
14. What is the maximum water pressure must standpipe fittings and connections must
withstand to when ready for service?
a. 8 kg/cm2 c. 21 kg/cm2
b. 15 kg/cm2 d. 34 kg/cm2
15. Straight tee; except.
a. 102mm x 102mm c. 51mm x 51mm
b. 76mm x 76mm d. 76mm x 51mm
16. This type of faucet releases water flow at the touch of a button and then stopping it again
automatically.
a. Compression faucet c. disc
b. Self-closing faucet d. cartridge
17. What is the allowable knee recess vertical clearance of lavatory for use of disabled
persons?
a. 0.4m – 0.7m c. 0.6m – 0.8m
b. 0.5m – 0.8m d. 0.6m – 0.7m
18. What is the maximum height of dry standpipe outlet above the floor of each storey?
a. 61 cm c. 91 cm
b. 122 cm d. 182 cm
19. Tee fitting with reduced side outlet diameter.
a. reducing tee c. reducer tee
b. tee reducer d. tee reducing
20. Another term for foot valve.
a. shoe valve c. sluice valve
b. suction valve d. reflux valve
21. The most commonly used fixture among all plumbing fixtures.
a. kitchen sink c. laundry tray
b. water closet d. urinal
22. What safety equipment/device should plumbing construction workers wear?
a. gloves c. belts
b. shoes d. googles
23. Vertical opening for pipes.
a. chase c. chute
b. shaft d. well
24. What type of fire extinguisher is used for type D fires.
a. dry chemicals c. metal powders
b. wet chemicals d. water
25. Size range of range boiler.
a. 0.3m – 0.6m dia., 1.8m length c. 1m – 1.5m dia., 2m length
b. 0.6m – 1.3m dia., 5m length d. none of the above
26. Inlet fitting used in septic tank.
a. tapped tee c. wye
b. sanitary tee d. 90 deg elbow
27. It serves as a vacuum breaker for the boiler tube.
a. gate valve c. flow connection
b. drain valve D. siphon hole
28. Used to turn copper/fragile and easily dented fittings?
a. adjustable wrench c. strap wrench
b. chain wrench d. monkey wrench
29. What is the minimum size of dry standpipe?
a. 75 mm dia. c. 150 mm dia.
b. 100 mm dia. d. 200 mm dia.
30. Reading for the scale 1:50m.
a. 1 m is equivalent to 5 m c. 1 m is equivalent to 50 m
b. 50 m is equivalent to 1 m d. 5 m is equivalent to 1 m
31. What is the angle used in plumbing isometric drawing?
a. 15 deg c. 45 deg
b. 30 deg d. 60 deg
32. A wrench for screws with hexagonal shaped recessed in its head.
a. offset pipe wrench c. allen wrench
b. basin wrench d. torque wrench
33. In a typical grease trap what should be the correct arrangement of its inlet and outlets in
its elevation?
a. the inlet should be higher than the outlet c. same elevation
b. the outlet should be higher than the inlet d. the inlet is lower than the outlet
34. What is the purpose of sacrificial anode on a hot water storage tank?
a. to keep water heated c. to prevent corrosion
b. to prevent overheating above max d. to remove metallic taste
35. In lavatories, which of the following is the most common thing that can cause clogs?
a. human hair c. hardened soap
b. tissue d. toothpaste/ lipstick
36. Type of wrench for nuts & bolts especially under kitchen sink.
a. monkey wrench c. allen wrench
b. crescent wrench d. basin wrench
37. What is the setting height from the floor for a water supply inlet of a urinal?
a. 8” c. 14”
b. 12” d. 16”
38. Drainage cleaners that uses high-pressure to remove clogs.
a. jetter c. snake
b. high pressure force cap d. plunger
39. Safety mechanism for hot water should work.
a. manually c. mechanically
b. automatically d. electrically
40. A type of urinal.
a. gang c. outdoor
b. indoor d. stall
41. Hubless pipe is used in lieu of the standard pipe when caulking and jointing of the pipe is
quite difficult. Hubless pipe is easily joined by use of ___________.
a. neoprene rubber sleeves c. oakum
b. lead d. solvent cement
42. Maximum length of air chamber in a fixture.
a. 300 mm c. 500 mm
b. 400 mm d. 600 mm
43. Fitting used to connect two pipes.
a. nipple c. adaptor
b. coupling d. bushing
44. Bidet has an integral trap.
a. Yes c. Maybe
b. No d. Sometimes
45. A relief line from a relief valve is generally piped outside, 12 inches or less above the
ground, elbow and nipple turned down. The nipple ________ be threaded on the outlet
end.
a. should c. may
b. should not d. none of the above
46. Air duct valve?
a. gate valve c. damper
b. check valve d. relief valve
47. Wall mounted water closet should be securely bolted to.
a. the wall c. a carrier/bracket fitting
b. a closet bend d. a closet flange
48. What kind of pipe is usually used as a leader in tall buldings?
a. wrought iron pipe c. copper pipe
 b. plastic pipe d. cast iron pipe
49. What is the max length of a fitting that is called nipple?
a. 6” c. 10”
b. 8” d. 12”
50. Is a slender, flexible auger used to dislodge clogs in plumbing particularly toilet?
a. Tube bender c. plunger
b. Plumber’s snake d. hand spinner
51. All dry standpipes shall be equipped with three way Siamese connection having a
diameter of?
a. 100mm c. 150mm
b. 125mm d. all of the above
52. What is the standard height of kitchen sink counter?
a. 0.7m c. 0.85m
b. 0.8m d. 0.9m
53. A tool used to provide grip and mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn objects.
a. Auger c. wrench
b. Shovel d. screwdriver
54. Broad and wide-flared with a flat tip, this type of shovel is terrible at digging but fantastic
at moving loose materials like coal or stone.
a. Scoop shovel c. scraper
b. Trenching shovel d. trowel
55. Distance of drain from wall of bathtub.
a. 0.378 c. 0.228
b. 0.278 d. 0.178
56. A trained plumber who has completed their apprenticeship under a master plumber.
a. NC II Plumber c. Journeyman Plumber
b. Apprentice Plumber d. Pipe fitter
57. Usually occurs when a valve closes suddenly at an end of a pipeline system.
a. Cross connection c. water hammering
b. Back siphonage d. water softening
58. The following typically composes a complete set of plumbing plans. Which does not
belong?

a. Isometry/ Roughing ins c. Roof Framing Plan

b. Technical specs, legends & symbols d. water/ dwv line layout

59. What is the minimum size of a toilet room for the handicapped person?

a. 1.70 m x 1.80 m c. 1.5 m x 1.5 m

b. 1.8 m x 2.0 m d. 2.0 m x 2.5 m

60. What is a Plumber’s snake?

a. closet auger c. plumber’s line
b. plumber’s rod d. cleanout auger
61. Auger used for blockages caused by hardened glazed material.
a. closet auger c. four blade saw tooth cutter
b. plumber rod d. greased cutter
62. Drop in the side using inclined plane.
a. optional c. unnecessary
b. costly d. sound
63. In Green building/plumbing, the plan is?
a. Separate Plan c. Auxiliary Plan
b. Integrated Plumbing Plan d. Sanitary Plan
64. If a lift check valve is not working properly, what should be done?
a. check lift disk c. check hinges
b. lubricate the plug d. replace the valve
65. The use of wye and 1/8 bend fitting is also called?
a. wye combination c. wye-bend
b. combo d. bend combination
66. Maximum length of galvanized steel pipe.
a. 1.5m c. 4m
b. 3m d. 6m
67. A length of pipe leading from a soil, waste, or vent pipe, building drain, or building sewer,
which is terminated by a plug, cap, or other closed fitting where there is no circulation or
no waste from a plumbing fixture is fed into it.
a. Cleanout c. branch interval
b. Dry pipe d. dead-end
68. A concrete pipe restraint utilized to prevent pipe joints from separating under the force
of carried fluids.

a. pipe saddle c. concrete saddle

b. thrust block d. pipe clamp

69. For hand well, to start effective suction, you should pump it?
a. Very fast c. slowly
b. Moderately d. very slow
70. A fixture provided on some dental operating units into which patients can expectorate.
a. Slop sink c. lavatory
b. Dental cuspidor d. vanity
71. Unloading of pipes and letting it roll in the ground is a ______ practice.
a. Null c. ideal
b. Sound d. unsound
72. What is the purpose of a grease trap?
a. To collect water c. to store solid & liquid waste
b. To accumulate oil d. to prevent entry of sewer gas
73. Ablution trough material is.
a. Stainless c. granite
b. Marble d. ceramic tile
74. Standard height of shower head from the floor.
a. 6’ 6’’ c. 7’ 7’’
b. 5’ 6’’ d. 8’ 8’’
75. A capped pipe designed to help reduce water hammer noise.
a. Dead-end c. cleanout
b. Air chamber d. AAV
76. Nowadays, how many chambers does a septic tank have?
a. 1 c. 3
 b. 2 d. 4
77. A state of complete physical, metal and social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.
a. Health c. vital statistics
b. Fitness d. statistics
78. How should hot water operate safely?
a. Automatically c. mechanically
b. Manually d. electrically
79. If a fire truck will take 30 mins to arrive, how much gallons of water should the standpipe
contain?
a. 9000 gals c. 8000 gals
b. 6000 gals d. 7500 gals
80. It is used for driven well from 150ft to 200ft which works by a principle of venturi meter of
high pressure and is pumped in to the well to draw water upward through the return pipe.
a. Jet pump c. piston pump
b. Centrifugal pump d. all of the above
81. What plumbing fixture/appliance can be designed with indirect waste?
a. Water closet c. urinal
b. Drinking fountain d. domestic kitchen sink
82. A tool used for determining the elevation.
a. Dumpy c. spirit level
b. Stadia pod d. all of the above
83. What will you do when you found out that the outlet flow of the hot water supply or faucet
is low?
a. Check if heater is turned on or plugged c. call a plumber
b. Close & open the valve/faucet d. replace the faucet
84. What is the type of water closet for public use?
a. Egg shape bowl type c. circular bowl type
b. Elongated bowl type d. all of these
85. What is the standard height of water closet for PWD?
a. 300mm c. 400mm
b. 350mm d. 450mm
 86. Vertical piping may be a _______.
a. Square c. rectangle
b. Round d. all of the above
87. Is a gate valve in which two pieces bronze wedge fits against the seat to restrict the flow
a. Split wedge disk gate valve c. full gate valve
b. Single disk gate valve d. none of the above
88. How many liters of water can a waterless urinal save a year?
a. 150,000 c. 50,000
b. 100,000 d. 200,000
89. Number of threads of a 2” pipe.
a. 8 c. 14
b. 11 ½ d. 18
90. In plumbing installation, what portion of pipeline do you need to provide air break?
a. Faucet connection c. Water closet
b. Indirect water connection d. Trap conversion
91. What paint is used in metal water tank to resist corrosion?
a. Epoxy paint c. enamel paint
b. Latex paint d. red oxide paint
92. What will be the least consideration before doing an excavation work?
a. Equipment to be use c. material & backfill present in the
area
b. Water level d. none of the above
93. Most efficient but expensive type of water closet.
a. Wash down c. siphon jet
b. Reverse trap d. siphon vortex
94. Transferring of pipes using wood planks/pallete is a ________ practice.
a. Sound c. ideal
b. Unsound d. null
95. Jointing used for PPR pipes.
a. Solvent welding c. cement mortar joint
b. Fusion welding d. compression coupling joint
96. In women’s toilet room, what is the shape of the signage in order to aid the visually
impaired person?
a. Circle c. oblong
b. Square d. triangle
97. What is the orientation of plumbing plan at site?
a. North c. East
b. South d. West
98. What is the standard distance of toilet for PWD measured from its centerline to the wall?
a. 0.3m c. 0.45m
b. 0.35m d. 0.6m
99. Jointing used for PVC pipes.
a. Solvent cement weld c. flared joint
b. Solvent welding d. caulked joint
100. Type of pipe best used for medical gas piping.
a. plastic c. copper
b. Stainless steel d. steel
101. PPE usually seen on entrance before entering the construction site stands for;
a. Personal protection equipment c. Parental protective equipment
b. Promote protective equipment d. Personal protective equipment
102. Another term for lavatory.
a. gutter c. conductor
b. downspout d. riser
103. When should pipe be ream ed to remove burrs?
a. Before cutting c. after threading
b. Before threading d. after cutting
104. In Plumbing plan, where can you see the downspout?
a. Roof framing plan c. site development plan
b. Floor plan d. reflected ceiling plan
105. When designing overhead water tanks, which rule applies when determining the size
and capacity of cistern compared to the overhead water tank especially when using
large capacity overhead tanks.
 a. Cistern is bigger than overhead water tank c. overhead is the same as cistern
b. Cistern is smaller than overhead water tank d. any of the above
106. Using gravel as bedding material is a ______ practice.
a. Unsound c. ideal
b. Null d. sound
107. Which condition qualifies the term battery of fixtures?
a. 1 LAV, 2 WC c. 6 WC
b. 4 WC, 3 SHO, 2 LAV d. 1 LAV, 1 WC, 1 SHO
108. What is the standard height of lavatory measured from its flood level rim?
a. 0.7m c. 0.9mm
b. 0.8m d. 1.0m
109. SDR means.
a. Standard dimensional rating c. Statistical dimensional rating
b. Standard diameter resource d. Sewer discharge rating
110. How to water test building sewer.
a. Maintain 3m head of water c. working pressure plus 50%
b. Fill water from lowest to highest/overflow d. maintain 5 psi pressure inside
111. Roughing-in height of supply pipe for water closet.
a. 150mm c. 250mm
b. 200mm d. 300mm
112. Identify the plumbing symbol.
a. kitchen sink c. lavatory
b. slop sink d. laundry tray
113. A valve used to control the flow of fluid.
a. Gate valve c. check valve
b. Relief valve d. globe valve
114. A top view of a house that is cut in a height of 1.20m.
a. Plan c. Floor layout
b. Floorplan d. section
115. Economical way to remove mineral salt deposits in shower head.
a. Prick shower holes with pin c. buy new shower head
b. Put a filter d. replace riser pipe
116. Pump used in shallow well.
a. Two-pump system c. exterior pumping system
b. One-pump system d. none of the above
117. Is an adjustable cast iron box that is flash with finished grade and it’s capped with
removable iron cover.
a. Stop cock c. corporation
b. Stop box d. none of the above
118. OSHA means.
a. Official Standards for Health Association
b. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
c. Operational Standards for Housing Architecture
d. Occupational Sanitation for Housing Assistance
119. Valve that is usually found at the bottom.
a. Gate valve c. relief valve
b. Back water valve d. foot valve
120. What do you call that part of a septic tank above liquid level that serves also as a vent.
a. Manhole c. baffle
b. Airspace d. scum
121. What professional is in charge for 500 KW above?
a. RME c. CPM
b. PME d. NOTA
122. How can you differentiate a stub out from tailpiece?
a. By location c. by diameter
b. By color d. by length
123. The following are types of “washerless” faucets except.
a. cartridge c. disk
b. ball d. compression
124. What should be done whenever a partition contains some piping and runs parallel to the
floor joist underneath?
a. notching should be introduced into the joist
b. space the joist wider to accommodate the pipe
c. double the joist
d. adjust the joist to make it perpendicular with the direction of pipe
125. No point within a building, requiring dry standpipes, shall be more than how many
meters travel distance from a dry standpoint outlet connection.
a. 10 m c. 25 m
b. 15 m d. 40 m
126. A very old building with inaccessible pipings present a problem on water leaks. What is
the best way of solving the problem?
a. Place pails where water leak is present c. re-pipe the whole building
b. Demolish part of structure where leak occurs d. no use repairing, abandon bldg.
127. For safety, the base of a ladder should be how many meters away from where it leans
when working on 4 m height.

a. 1m c. 3m
b. 2m d. 4m
128. Each hose outlet of all interior wet standpipes shall be supplied with a hose not less
than _____ in diameter.
a. 38mm c. 63mm
b. 50mm d. 100mm
129. PD 1096 prescribes that dry standpipe is required for every building of how many
floors?
a. 4 or more c. 5 or more
b. 2 or more d. 3 or more
130. Gases found in the sewer air septic tank except.
a. Methane gas c. Chloride
b. Carbon dioxide d. Ammonia
131. Best location to protect risers from frost.
a. In between wall c. inside the wall
b. Outside the wall d. box wall
132. Type of pipe used for chain wrench.
a. CI c. PE
b. PVC d. GI
133. Situation: Pressure tank has pin holes, how to repair without stopping the operation?
a. Weld the holes c. cut a portion of G.I. then weld
 b. Put epoxy d. remove tank for replacement
134. Type of strap in a strap wrench.
a. Leather c. strong woven nylon
b. Polyurethane d. metal
135. If the water closet is clogged, what is the 1 st thing you will do?
a. Call a plumber c. use auger
b. Flush the toilet d. ask the owner if he puts chemical to it
136. The following are considered prohibited toilets except.
a. Wash out c. long hopper
b. Wash down d. privy
137. It is used to prevent the storage tank from overheating.
a. float valve c. gate valve
b. blow-off valve d. drain valve
138. Situation: How to stop grease build up?
a. Put hot water to the lavatory c. remove the pipe
b. Use air pressure d. use a vacuum
139. Where do you usually found the opening of pipe chase?
a. Side c. bottom
b. Top d. every floor
140. What is the minimum floor area in every storey which is used for habitation, recreation,
dining, study or work and which has an occupant load of not more than 20, wherein a
standard automatic extinguishing system is a must.
a. 300 sqm. c. 400 sqm.
b. 500 sqm. d. 200 sqm.
141. For economy, what type of water closet will you specify in your house?
a. Pail flush type c. flushometer type
b. Tank type d. tankless type
142. For conventional water closet tank, how much water is needed for a complete flushing?
a. 3.5 gallons c. 4 gallons
b. 5 gallons d. 7 gallons
143. A vertical or inclined plane, channel, or passage through which objects are moved by
means of gravity.
a. Chase c. well
b. Chute d. shaft
144. Plastic pipes are manufactured from.
a. Rubber based plastic c. thermosoftening plastic
b. Thermoset plastic d. all of the above
145. Maximum height of a Siamese connection from the finish floor line.
a. 1500mm c. 800mm
b. 1200mm d. 1000mm
146. What is the minimum height of urinal for PWD measured from its lip?
a. 400mm c. 480mm
b. 450mm d. 500mm
147. A ladder that has wide, flat steps and two pairs of legs which are connected at the top
and that opens at the bottom so that it can stand without being attached to or supported
by something else.
a. Fixed ladder c. straight ladder
b. Step ladder d. all of the above
148. Wet standpipe size for 15 stories above.
a. 32mm dia. c. 64mm dia.
b. 50mm dia. d. 102mm dia.
149. The size of the supply piping outlet for any gas appliances shall not be less than.
a. The inlet connection of that appliance
b. The smallest size of pipe in the system
c. The indirect waste pipe outlet
d. The largest size of pipe in the system
150. A rigid, chemically resistant form of PVC used for pipework, window frames, and other
structures.
a. CPVC c. PPR
b. UPVC d. PB
151. Methods of backflow prevention.
a. AVB c. Double check valve
 b. Pressure relief d. Air gap
152. A drilled well outside the building is connected to the water supply, its plan will be
included in.
a. Auxiliary plan c. floor plan
b. Sanitary plan d. plumbing plan
153. What is the joint used for GI pipe?
a. Threaded joint c. wiped joint
b. Fusion welding d. flared joint
154. CISP stands for.
a. Cast Iron and Steel Pipe Institute c. Concrete Institute of Soil Pipe
b. Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute d. Caulking Institute of Sewage Pipe
155. What is that greatest stress which a material can stand without a permanent
deformation after release of the stress?
a. Fatigue c. working stress
b. Tensile stress d. ultimate stress
156. ANSI stands for
a. American National Standard Institute b. American National Standard Institute
c. Association for national Standard Institute d. None of the Above
157. Estimate how many cast iron pipe is needed for an installation with 5m face to face
distance.
a. 4 pcs. single hub c. 3 pcs. Single hub, 1 pc double hub
b. 2 pcs. Double hub, 1 pc. single hub d. 3 pcs. Single hub, 2 pcs. Double hub
158. _____ joints must be used where necessary to provide for expansion and contraction of
the pipes and must be accessible.
a. Slip c. flanged
b. Brazed d. swing
159. What is the economical water heating system used for shower?
a. Single point c. centralized
b. Multi-point d. any of the above
160. The relatively clean waste water from baths, sinks, washing machines, & other kitchen
appliances.
a. Potable water c. grey water
 b. Black water d. hard water
161. It is a plastic resin that can be heated and reformed repeatedly with little or no
degradation in physical characteristics.
a. PB c. PE
b. Thermoplastic d. Thermosetting
162. A tool fast and easy grip used on constricted spaces or close to a wall. It has a solid
housing which keeps it from breaking or wrapping under normal use.
a. Rap wrench c. crescent wrench
b. Stillson wrench d. end-pipe wrench
163. It is a pipe that conveys potable water for public and community use from the municipal
water supply source.
a. service pipe c. water distribution pipe
b. water supply pipe d. water main
164. When a lift check valve is not working properly, what should be done?
a. Check the lift disk c. Check hinges
b. Adjust the sliding piston d. Lubricate the plug
165. Which of the following type of valve usually operated without manual control?
a. Check valve c. Gate valve
b. Globe valve d. Angle valve
166. Installation of water service must be direct and in short manner a possible turns, or
offset elbows should be avoided because the element will incur
a. Friction losses c. backflow
b. cross connection d. water hammer
167. High Pressure Return.
a. c.
b. d.
168. A nut that is screwed up tightly against another nut to prevent it from becoming loose
a. Lock nut c. bushing
b. Obstinate nut d. bolt nut
169. Water taken from background sources usually contain compound of Calcium and
Magnesium which render its inconvenient for domestic used particularly?
a. It react with chemical element contain in soap
b. It useless cleansing agent
c. It precipitate salt form within pipe that reduces the diameter
d. All of these
170. Identify the plumbing symbol.
a. Fire-oil flow c. fuel-oil flow
b. Flow of fire d. flow of fuel
171. The new technique of installing floor mounted water closet with the end in view of
assuring cleanliness, leak proof and convenience is with the used of this materials:
a. White cement c. Portland cement
b. Floor flange and gasket d. Epoxy
172. The receptacle in which storm water are retained for sufficient period to deposit suitable
materials:
a. Catch basin c. Interceptor
b. Cesspool d. Septic tank
173. Ball valves are an adaptation of
a. Butterfly valve c. globe valves
b. Plug valves d. gate valves
174. Standard length of polypropylene random co-polymer type of pipe.
a. 1.5 m c. 4 m
b. 3 m d. 6 m
175. Identify the plumbing symbol.
a. Acid waste c. air relief line
b. Compressed air d. vacuum
176. House water lines can either dump into a _____ or______.
a. Septic system or public sewer system c. public sewer system or cesspool system
b. Septic system or sump system d. Public sewer system or the closest river
177. What is the standard distance of sprinkler head?
a. 2m c. 2.45m
 b. 3m d. none of the above
178. Hot Water Return.
a. c.
b. d.
179. It is a type of ladder that stands independently of support.
a. Extension ladder c. scaffolds
b. Stepladder d. fixed ladder
180. CPVC Pipe and fitting are ___ colored thermoplastic materials specially formulated to
withstand higher temperatures than other plastic.
a. orange c. blue
b. Black d. cream
181. What do you call this valve installed at the suction line of the pump to prevent the loss
of prime of pump?
a. Check valve c. underground valve
b. Suction valve d. foot valve
182. This is used to remove square and octagonally shaped threaded faucets. It has a right
angle bar with one end for square nuts and other octagonal.
a. Valve seat tool c. basket strainer wrench
b. Closet wrench d. basin wrench
183. Identify the plumbing symbol.
a. Elbow turned-up screwed c. elbow turned-down screwed
b. Elbow turned-up flanged d. elbow turned-down flanged
184. Is a device used to measure the volume of water that passes through the water
service?
a. corporation cock c. curb cock
b. gate valve d. water meter
185. Is securing equipment or materials preparation for lifting by means of rope, chain or web
sling
a. Rigging c. securing
b. Locking d. all of the above
186. It has internal legs and tray hat folds in for easy carrying and set up. Large vise base
overhangs front legs for clear tool swing
a. Portable tristand chain vise b. Bench yoke vise
c. Bench chain vise d. Stand chain vise
187. Is a person who estimate the cost of construction projects the contractor wants to bid
a. Apprentice c. superintendent
b. Journeymen d. estimator
188. A system of pipes and equipment used exclusively to supply water for extinguishing fire:
a. Sprinkler system c. Fire hydrant
b. Stand pipe d. Siamese connection
189. Sink used for cleaning of cooking utensils and for the preparation of food.
a. Kitchen sink c. slop sink
b. Service sink d. bar sink
190. The main operating unit in a centrifugal pump is.
a. Foot valve c. impeller
b. Volute d. diaphragm
191. Leaching field is categorized as one of the on-site efferent disposal for septic tank. How
far should be the distance from a shallow well to prevent contamination of water?
a. 3m c. 30m
b. 15m d. 45m
192. Another variation of pipe wrench featuring a jaw opening parallel to the handle and a
narrower hook jaw which provided easy entry into tight space
a. Offset pipe wrench b. Compound leverage wrench
c. Adjustable leverage wrench d. End-pipe wrench
193. Is a scaled view created by passing an imaginary cutting plane perpendicularly through a
portion of a building?
a. Detail drawing c. exterior elevation drawing
b. Plot plan d. section drawing
194. The Code that prescribes criteria on the quality of drinking water from meteoric, surface
or underground sources is:
a. National Standards for Drinking Water c. Water Code of the Philippines
 b. National Building Code d. National Plumbing Code
195. Identify the symbol.
a. Air vent c. air vacuum
b. Acid vent d. atmospheric volume
196. 250 ft. of head equals ___ psi.
a. 54 psi c. 577 psi
b. 81 psi d. 108 psi
197. This fixture became the benchmark for the determination of value of 1 fixture unit.
Considered as having the smallest fixture unit value.
a. Bar sink c. bathtub
b. Lavatory d. cuspidor
198. Where does an airgap chamber be installed?
a. At the valve body c. before the valve
b. After the valve d. anywhere along the pipe
199. Air-break is applied in what component of the plumbing system.
a. Waste water c. direct waste stack
b. Soil & waste stack d. indirect waste pipe
200. Which of the following is not included in a three-quarter bath set up?
a. water closet c. bathtub
b. shower d. lavatory
201. When soldering copper gutters, what is that flux that is generally used?
a. Ammonia c. Resin
b. Muriatic acid d. calcium chloride
202. A tool for cutting GI pipe.
a. Rotary pipe cutter c. reamer
b. Ratchet type pipe cutter d. pipe die
203. Friction in plumbing system will causes losses in pressure in pipe due to
a. Resistance produce by contact of flowing water and the interior surface of pipe
b. Resistance between molecules of water
c. Resistance between elevations of higher level
 d. All of these
204. Which flushing action in water closet requires a flushometer?
a. Siphon jet c. washdown
b. Siphon vortex d. blow out
205. PVC pipes used for DWV are manufactured based on the standard set by this
organization.
a. AWWA c. ASTM
b. ANSI d. PAWWA
206. A condition in the distribution system that create a nuisance is termed as.
a. Excessive water pressure c. excessive air pressure
b. Loss of pressure d. loss of water flow
207. The device installed above the flood level rim of plumbing fixtures to primarily permit air
from atmosphere to prevent back siphonage of liquid from the fixture is known as:
a. Pressure valve c. air valve
b. Vacuum breaker d. relief valve
208. In preparing of a mortar or form a sticky mass to be squeezed into the bell of clay pipe
for a cement joint, the mixture will be
a. One percent cement, one percent fine sand and water
b. Pure cement and water
c. one part cement, one part sand and water
d. Two part sand, one part cement and water
209. For public health reasons, a sanitary drainage system must discharge into
a. the ground c. a public sewer system
b. a public storm system d. a water way
210. Minimum depth of pipe required from the ground for installation where trucks regularly
pass.
a. 100mm c. 300mm
b. 250mm d. 600mm
211. The difference between a tube and a pipe is that, tube has relatively thin wall and
a. The listed sized correspond to the inside diameter
b. The listed size correspond to outside diameter
 c. Relatively square edge
d. Straight edge
212. What device prevent gas from entering a building?
a. vacuum breaker c. p-trap
b. air-break d. air-gap
213. How can the size of gutter be computed?
a. Depends on the intensity of rain c. Depends on the roof area
b. Depends on the slope of the gutter d. All of the above
214. A type of wrench having a heavy sprocket chain that is slipped around a pipe and then
attached to the wrench handle. It is used on piping work especially large size pipe metal
pipes and in areas that is not easily accessible.
a. Chain wrench c. offset pipe wrench
b. Compound leverage wrench d. adjustable spud wrench
215. Which fitting is used in joining galvanized steel pipe with plastic pipe?
a. Adapter c. union
b. Coupling d. tee
216. Bushing reducing screwed.
a. b. c. d.

217. A male thread fitting with square head used for closing another female fitting is called
a. Nipple c. plug
b. Cap d. bushing
218. What is the pipe fitting used in the interconnection of service pipe and insertion to the
water main?
a. Corporation cock c. nipple
b. Clamp saddle d. straight elbow
219. An eye protection device with flexible frame, they are secured on the face with an
elastic headband.
a. Face shield c. helmet
b. Goggles d. mask
220. The explosion of molten lead when pouring into the hub of G.I. pipe when preparing a
caulk joint is caused by:
a. Wet and watery hub end c. sudden cooling of pig lead
b. Overheating of lead d. dirty hub end
221. Minor stoppage from water closet traps can be cleared with plunger, but for more
stubborn clogs, use
a. Closet auger c. flat sewer tape
b. Insertable tools d. Pick out iron
222. Elbow 90º soldered.
a. b. c. d.

223. It is a loss of trap seal due to unequal atmospheric pressure condition and due to rapid
flows of water thru the trap.
a. Wind effect c. leak
b. Capillary effect d. Back pressure
224. Identify symbol A.

A B C D
a. coupling turned up c. tee turned up
b. coupling turned down d. tee turned down
225. What is the minimum depth of the building sewer above the ground when installed?
a. 1.00 m c. 0.65 m
b. 0.30 m d. 1.20 m
226. A float valve is a device used in.
a. Pressure tank c. cistern tank
b. Bladder tank d. all of the above
227. Best pipe bedding material.
a. sand c. clay
b. gravel d. mortar
 228. HWT is a common abbreviation for a.
a. Water Heater c. Hot Water Faucet
b. Water Holding Tank d. Hot Water Tank
229. Pipe is one of the oldest plumbing materials and very suitable for underground
installation, but never recommended to convey water human consumption because it is
poisonous.
a. Copper pipe c. lead pipe
b. Clay pipe d. Cast iron pipe
230. A wrench with hexagonal jaw which is multisided, used to provide secure grip on all
hexagonal nuts, square nuts, unions and valve packing nuts. The extra-wide opening
offset is ideal for securing drain nut on sticks and tubs.
a. Internal wrench c. offset pipe wrench
b. Compound leverage wrench d. hex wrench
231. Electric water heaters are manufactured based on the standard set by this organization.
a. P.S. c. I.S.
b. F.S. d. U.L.
232. Is a nipple that is threaded its entire length.
a. Close nipple c. All nipple
b. Shoulder nipple d. all of the above
233. What is that device suitable for pumping sewage from the deep basement floor into the
sewer line?
a. pressure tank c. hand pump
b. Pneumatic ejector d. vacuum breaker
234. What is the knockdown coupling like fitting that is specially use and interconnect two
water service pipes in place?
a. Bushing c. sleeves
b. Union patent d. nipple
235. When making screwed joints in a potable water system, apply sealing compound on
a. Fitting threads only c. brass piping only
b. both on pipe and fitting threads d. male thread only
236. What are references in measuring the depth of a trap seal of the trap?
a. Crown weir to top dip c. Crown weir to bottom dip
 b. Bottom dip to top dip d. Inlet to outlet
237. When backfilling over laid drainage pipe, a plumber must take measure to prevent
damage to the pipe. Back fill materials should be added gradually at typical layer and
must be compacted before next layer is dump.
a. 0.15 & 0.30 m per layer c. 0.20 & 0.40 m per layer
b. 0.30 & 0.60 m per layer d. 0.50 m per layer
238. Which of the fixture need to be provided with individual vent to avoid the transmittal or
surge effect to other fixture trap connected to a branch drain:
a. bathtub c. kitchen tray
b. laundry tray d. water closet
239. Which type of pipe is most likely to be damaged by corrosion?
a. Galvanized Iron c. PVC
b. HDPE d. Copper
240. A type of valve which should only be used wide open or fully closed?
a. gate valve c. globe valve
b. ball valve d. sluice valve
241. What is the most common method of testing drainage pipes?
a. Air test c. smoke test
b. Water test d. mechanical test
242. What is the minimum size of water supply inlet for urinal stall?
a. ¾” c. 1”
b. ½” d. ¼ “
243. Is a steel pipe manufactured by drawing flat steel strips trough a die to form a cylindrical
shape?
a. Seamless Pipe c. welded pipe
b. Brazed Pipe d. All of the above
244. The best solder for brazing/soldering joints is
a. Alloy c. 50-50 tin alloy
b. 95-5 tin antimony d. none of the above
245. When large pipe penetrate an exterior wall it must pass thru a sleeve. What is the size
of the sleeve thru which to be installed for the pipe to rest?
a. Two pipe size larger c. One pipe size larger
b. Three pipe size larger d. One and one half pipe size larger
246. What type of end connection is commonly used for valves smaller than 2 in. in
diameter?
a. Flanged c. caulking
b. Compression d. Threaded
247. Calculate the pressure at the highest outlet of an upfeed pipe if the pressure at the base
is 30 psi and the head of highest outlet is 60 ft.
a. 4 psi c. 10 psi
b. 8 psi d. 15 psi
248. A secondary pipeline. A common sewer to which no other sewer is tributary is called?
a. Interceptor c. lateral
b. Dead end d. branch
249. If a water closet is directly above and along the line of horizontal branch, what fitting will
you use to be able to install the fixture?
a. Sanitary tee c. wye & 1/8 bend
b. Long sweep 90º elbow d. 45º elbow
250. It is individual or company responsible for the performance of the construction work.
a. Superintendent c. architect
b. Contractor d. journeymen
251. Is a valve installed on water service to turn on or off the flow of potable water in the
building?
a. Stop box c. corporation cock
b. Curb Cock d. none of the above
252. Is a nipple that is threaded on the ends and has short unthreaded pipe in the middle?
a. Close Nipple c. all nipple
b. Shoulder Nipple d. twin nipple
253. It has a deeper and broader hook jaw housing which provided a smooth, flat surface
that is may use be occasionally used as a hammer.
a. End pipe wrench c. stillson wrench
b. Pipe wrench d. rap wrench
254. NFPA classified fires as Class ____ by electrical fires.
a. Class B c. Class C
b. Class A d. Class K
255. PEX denotes as
a. Polyethylene extra c. x-linked polyethylene
b. Cross linked polyethylene d. all of the above
256. Floor drain is always provided with removable strainer, the opening area of which is
equivalent to a fraction of the cross sectional area of the drain pipe
a. 2 times of the area c. 3/4 of the area
b. 1 1/2 of the area d. same of the area
257. In a solvent-cemented plastic piping system, most leaking joints are caused by a
worker’s failure to:
a. Mark all fitting and pipe for positioning c. Deburr the inside of the pipe
b. Apply solvent primer to the joint surfaces d. Cut the pipe in meter box
258. The prescribe color coding of piping under steam division of a high pressure pipe is
a. Black c. White
b. Red d. Blue
259. In inserting a wye fitting into laid house sewer, the practical produce is these
a. Bore hole, install wye type tap saddle
b. Cut the sewer to the length and insert the wye and cement joint end
c. Cut the sewer to the length, insert wye and joint ends with sleeves
d. None of these
260. In a building with with a cistern and pump at the ground and overhead water tank
located at the deck, using gravity-feed water supply from the tank to the fixtures, where
would you install the pressure (hydropneumatic) tank?
a. At the ground floor c. at roof deck
b. At mid height of bldg. d. above the overhead water tank
261. A variation of pipe wrench with a swiveling serrated jaw and knurled control knob
located between the frame forming the head and the handle of the wrench?
a. crescent wrench c. rap wrench
b. Stillson wrench d. end pipe wrench
262. Is a three dimensional drawing in the plumbing system
a. Exterior elevation drawing c. isometric drawing
b. Schematic piping lay out d. plot plan
263. Is a gate valve in which one piece solid bronze wedge fits against the seat to restrict the
flow?
a. Full Gate Valve c. Split wedge disk gate valve
b. Solid wedge disk gate valve d. single disk gate valve
264. Waste in the plumbing drainage are prohibited waste when you discharge
a. Alkaline waste c. Acid waste
b. Inflammable waste d. toxic waste
265. NFPA classified fires as Class ____ by flammable liquids, gasses or grease
a. Class K c. Class C
b. Class A d. Class B
266. A storage heater is used when the demand
a. Is level c. is constant
b. Has small volume changes d. has large volume changes
267. Manholes are not required for the laid drain pipe of this diameter.
a. 150 mm c. 300 mm
b. 250 mm d. 200 mm
268. Soil and waste stacks carry the discharge from all of the following EXCEPT
a. Sinks c. Roof drains
b. Water closet d. Floor drains
269. A permit issued by DTI for products passing quality standards having a logo of a globe
with check on lower right.
a. ICC c. UL
b. PS d. ASTM
270. To reduce the excessive pressure that produces hammering sound, how long a pipe
should be added and installed on the top of riser of the highest fixture level to absorb air
pressure?
a. 300mm c. 900mm
b. 600mm d. 1000mm
271. What is required to be installed in a stack serving 5 floors or more?
a. Backwater valve c. cleanout
b. Yoke vent d. reducer
272. Is a drawing showing a small part of a floor plan, elevation or section drawing at
enlarged scale.
a. blow-up detail c. miscellaneous detail
b. key plan d. isometry drawing
273. Identify part A of the P-trap shown.
a. Trap depth c. water level
b. Top dip d. trap seal

274. When a caulking iron had stricken hard a cast iron hub while doing caulk joint and had
the pipe cracked, what would you do?
a. Proceed in caulking, anyway the oakum and pouring lead will cover the crack
b. Replace the pipe and fitting
c. Weld the crack portion
d. Sealed the crack with moisture resistant pigment
275. The spoon like tools use for pouring molten pig lead into hub as making caulk joint in
cast iron pipe is called:
a. Spatula c. Dippers
b. Scoop d. ladle
276. How does evaporation of the trap seal of a fixture be eliminated?
a. Inside a room c. Frequently used
b. Proper ventilation d. Install vacuum breaker
277. What is the size of the yoke or by pass vent for a high rise building?
a. Equal size of the main vent c. ½ times the size of the main vent
b. 1 ½ times the size of the main vent d. ¼ times the size of the main vent
278. Is a fitting or device that, when properly vented, provides a liquid seal to prevent the
emission of sewer gasses.
a. Fixture traps c. stack
b. Cleanouts d. chase
279. Is a full-way valve used to regulate fluid flow in which a threaded stem raises and lowers
a wedges shaped disk?
a. Globe valve c. ball valve
b. Gate valve d. disk valve
280. The most practical circulating pump for use in the hot water system is the type:
a. Centrifugal pump c. piston pump
b. Rotary pump d. all of these
281. What is the corresponding name of the following abbreviation pertaining to local trade
and government regulating body?
a. DTI c. BIR
b. DPWH d. PRC
282. The receptors receiving the discharge of indirect waste pipes be of a shape and
capacity that will.
a. Prevent splashing c. serve the intended use
b. Avoid collecting solids d. intercept ingredients harmful to
the building drainage
283. A layer of dirt or froth on the surface of a liquid.
a. Scum c. sewage
b. Excreta d. sludge
284. Is a pipe extending from the corporation cock to the water supply distribution system of
the building
a. building supply pipe c. water service
b. water distributing pipe d. water main
285. Copper pipe are sized
a. 1/8 bigger than their inside diameter b. ¼ bigger than their inside diameter
c. 3/16 bigger than their inside diameter d. 1/16 bigger than their inside diameter
286. The colors used to identify the drawn copper tube for Type DWV is
a. yellow c. green
b. Red d. blue
287. In sizing a downspout the deciding factor for its proper size:
a. Roof area of building c. pitch of roofing
b. Rainfall inventory in the locality d. all of the above
288. A device which discharges of pre-determined quantity of water to pipeline for flushing
purpose actuated by direct water pressure.
a. Flushometer valve c. water meter
b. Pressure valve d. gate valve
289. A type of auger used in cleaning pipes of general material clinging to pipe walls.
a. Shark tooth cuter c. spiral bar cutter
b. Chain knocker d. spade cutter
290. A fire hydrant should not be installed on line less than ____ inches in diameter.
a. 2” c. 4”
b. 6” d. 8”
291. What is that receptacle installed at corner wall that collect rain water from a balcony?
a. Downspout c. bee-hive roof drain
b. Roof drain d. scupper drain
292. Plastic material best suited for drainage system.
a. UPVC c. PB
b. PEX d. PE
293. It is a tube connected from the heater to the storage tank.

a. flow connection c. flow rise

b. return connection d. return riser

294. Areas with _______ are avoided when installing service pipes.

a. grass c. sand
 b. trees d. soil

295. Not a requirement of DENR for ECC application in sewage disposal.

a. environmental impact & management plan c. vicinity map

b. project description d. number of occupants

296. Identify the parts of a septic tank.

A. B. C.

D.

E.

G.

F.

H.

297. Identify the parts of a drain field.

298. Identify the Drain Cleaners.
a. b. c. d.

___________________ ___________________ __________________ ____________________

e. f. g. h.

___________________ ___________________ __________________ ____________________

I j. k. l.

___________________ ___________________ __________________ ____________________

m. n. o. p.

___________________ ___________________ __________________ ____________________

299. Tool C is used for.

a. returning sample to surface to determine correct tool.
b. general material clinging to pipe wall.
c. following up after augers have been used and to open up floor drains.
d. for cleaning back to back mounted fixtures.
300. Tool E is used for.
a. for lines which have been badly greased with detergents and have to be opened.
b. when rigorous action is required for cleaning of scales in pipes and boilers tubes.
c. for blockages caused by hardened, glazed material such as chemical deposits.
d. For main sewers blocked by roots, leaf debris, sticks, sawdust, cloth and sacking.
 301. Identify the tools.

a. b. c.

____________________________ _______________________ _________________________

d. e. f.

_____________________________ ________________________ ________________________

g. h. i.

_____________________________ __________________________ _________________________

302. Tool B used for.
a. designed to easily bend three different sizes of copper with the same tool. Ideal for
plumbing and HVAC application.
b. designed for bending copper, steel and stainless to a maximum of 180deg.
c. high quality bending for stainless steel. The ‘stainless steel’ specialist.
d. used for bending electrical conduits, rebar cutters and benders.
303. Tool I is used for.
a. cuts 3 thread sizes.
b. used to bend soft copper and aluminum tubing by means of a spring.
c. ratcheting action to minimize operator fatigue. Thread capacity 1/8” to 2”.
d. Simple adjustment for tapered or straight threads. Thread capacity 2 1/2” to 6”.
 304. Identify the types of valves.
a. b. c.

____________________________ __________________________ __________________________

d. e. f.

_____________________________ ____________________________ _______________________

g. h. i.

_____________________________ __________________________ _________________________

305. Valve B is used for.
a. allows flow in one direction and automatically prevents backflow when fluid in the line
reverses direction. Uses a disc that swings on a hinge.
b. used to regulate the flow in a pipeline, consisting of a movable disk type element and a
stationary ring seat in a generally spherical body.
c. used when a straight line flow of fluid and minimize restriction is desired. Opens by
lifting a round or rectangular wedge out of the patch of the fluid.
d. consisting of a disk rotating on an axis across the diameter of a pipe to regulate the
flow.
 306. Identify the tools.
a. b. c.

____________________________ __________________________ _______________________

d. e. f.

_____________________________ __________________________ _______________________

g. h. i.

_____________________________ _________________________ _________________________

j. k. l.

_____________________________ _________________________ ________________________

m. n. o.

_____________________________ __________________________ ________________________

 307. Identify.

a. b. c.

________________________ 1______________ 2_______________ ______________________

d. e. f.

_____________________________ ________________________ _______________________

g. h. i.

_____________________________ _________________________ _______________________

j. k. l.

_____________________________ __________________________ _______________________

m. n. o.

___________________________ __________________________ _______________________

308. Identify the tools.

a. ___________________

b. ___________________

c. ___________________

d. ___________________

e. ___________________

f. ___________________

g. ___________________

h. ___________________

i. ___________________

j. ___________________

k. ___________________

309. Use of tool A shown above.

a. Hand tool for cutting pipe or tubings
b. Mainly used to loosen the nuts that holds the faucet onto the sink.
c. mainly used to turn nuts & bolts
d. used to grip an object via a strap
310. Use of tool K shown above.
a. Use to hold or turn smooth circular object
b. Use to secure pipe for threading or cutting
c. use to turn soft iron pipe & fittings
d. use to make threads for pipes
311. Identify the fittings.

a. ___________________

b. ___________________

c. ___________________

d. ___________________

e. ___________________

f. ___________________

g. ___________________

h. ___________________

i. ___________________

j. ___________________

k. ___________________

l. ___________________

312. Use of fitting C shown above.

a. Used to connect two pipe of different diameters and having offset center lines.
b. Used to connect two pipes to each other of same size.
c. Used to connect two pipes to each other of different size.
d. Used to connect two other fitting
313. Use of fitting K shown above.
a. Used to cover the end of a pipe having male thread.
b. Used to close the end of a pipe that fits inside the fitting it is mated to.
c. Used to connect two pipes of different size threaded inside and out.
d. Used to connect two other fittings and present little portion exposed when screwed
tightly.
314. Identify the tools.

a. ___________________

b. ___________________

c. ___________________

d. ___________________

e. ___________________

f. ___________________

g. ___________________

h. ___________________

315. Use of tool B shown above.

a. Used for general digging, penetrates moist clays and sands.
b. Used for digging and clearing trenches.
c. Used for moving loose material particularly snow.
d. Used for digging hard packed soils that demand more force to penetrate
316. Use of tool F shown above.
a. Single hand tool used for digging, scooping, spreading, or otherwise manipulating
dirt or other bulk materials.
b. Used for moving loose material particularly grains.
c. Used for digging and clearing trenches.
d. Used for lawn edging, transplanting small bushes and trees, cutting small roots.
317. Identify the tip of a screwdrivers.

a. ___________________ e. _____________________ i. ____________________

b. ___________________ f. _____________________ j. ____________________

c. ___________________ g. _____________________ k. ____________________

d. ___________________ h. _____________________ l. _____________________

318. Identify the tools.

a. ___________________

b. ___________________

c. ___________________

d. ___________________

e. ___________________

f. ___________________

g. ___________________

h. ___________________

i. ____________________

j. ____________________
 k. ___________________

l. ____________________

m. ___________________

n. ___________________

o. ___________________

319. Use of tool C shown above.

a. A hammer with a rounded end opposite the face. Used in metal working.
b. Used for pounding nails into, ot extracting nails from, some other object.
c. Has a wedge shape at one end. It is used by metalworkers when they are forging.
They use this type of hammer to make the metal stretch.
d. A hammer usually with a flat face and cross peen used for driving rivets and
beating metal.
320. Use of tool O shown above.
a. A short-handled mallet with a wooden head usually used in carpentry to knock
wooden pieces together, or to drive dowels or chisels.
b. Consist of rolled-up rawhide, are used for leatherwork, jewelry, and
assembling electric motors and delicate machinery.
c. Typically used to form sheet metal, since they do not leave marks and are less likely
to dent the workpiece.
d. Often used in destruction work, for breaking through drywall or masonry walls.

=== END ===