Hydroelectric Engineering 2018 Year 37 Vol.

3 period: 113-120 Journal of Hydroelectric

Engineering, 2018, Vol 37, No. 3:. 113-120

2 kW Hydraulic power output system design and simulation analysis of wave power generation
Yue Xuhui, CHEN Qi volume, Xu Zhixiang, Yu Hang, Zhou Ye

(Wuhan University Power and Mechanical College, Wuhan 430 072 )

Pick To: Power output ( PTO ) System is a wave energy conversion device ( WEC )important parts of. A novel wave power hydraulic PTO In a typical hydraulic system PTO The additional

control valve and pressure relief valve on the basis of the system for regulating the flow of work and output power. Thus design 2 kW Hydraulic wave power PTO System, and AMESim Simulation

Analysis of the feasibility of the system. The results showed that: design wave conditions, the PTO The system can output continuously, stably 2 kW Electric power accumulator steady flow

obvious, fill up the oil tank and in time to maintain stable oil flow, the check valve can be realized "rectification"; large wave conditions, the orifice control valve, the relief valve drain

excess traffic, the PTO The system can be maintained 2 kW Power output. The simulation shows that the wave power hydraulic PTO System feasible.

Key words: Wave power; hydraulic PTO System; design; simulation

CLC: TM619 ; TH137 Document Code: A DOI: 10.11660 / slfdxb.20180313

Design and simulation of 2 kW hydraulic power take-off system

for wave power generation
YUE Xuhui, CHEN Qijuan, XU Zhixiang, YU Hang, YE Zhou (School of Power and

Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072)

Abstract: The power take-off (PTO) system is an important element of a wave energy converter (WEC). This paper presents a
novel hydraulic PTO system for wave power generation that is equipped with a speed-regulating valve and relief valve to
regulate its working flow and power output. Then, a 2 kW hydraulic PTO system of this type is designed and numerically
simulated in AMESim to verify its feasibility. Simulation results show that under the design wave condition, this system
produces a continuous, steady power output of 2 kW and 50 Hz through stabilizing the output voltage and current effectively by
the accumulator, stabilizing the oil pressure and flow by timely oil supply from the oil tank, and imposing flow "rectification" by
the check valves. Under large wave conditions, it can also keep a 2 kW steady power output,with the throttling of its
speed-regulating valve and the overflowing of its relief valve. Thus, our hydraulic PTO system for wave power generation is
technically feasible.

Keywords: wave power generation; hydraulic PTO system; design; simulation

Test [ 2] . 1973 After the oil crisis, including wave energy, including renewable energy
0 introduction
attracting widespread attention, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Ireland, Norway, Sweden,

From 1799 French Girard Since the first father and son apply for a wave Denmark and other European countries have begun to study the wave energy generation

energy technology patents, the use of wave energy technology has 200 Years of devices, including the development of nodding duck formula( Salter Duck ), Oysters

history [ 1-2] . Initially, researchers take advantage of wave energy technology in Japan, Yoshio formula ( Oyster ), Sea snake formula ( Pelamis ), Raft ( McCabe ), Suction point ( PAWEC ),

Masuda to 20 century 40 The invention of the oscillating water column of formula ( OWC Overtopping formula ( Wave Dragon ) Wave energy converter apparatus, etc. [ 3] . China's

) Wave energy conversion device ( WEC ), And in utilization of wave energy technology began 20 century 60 Years, 80 With the later years

1976 In a large-scale test of its combination of different specifications

Received Date: 2017-07-28 Accepted: 2017-11-28

Fund Project: National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 51679171)

About the Author: Yue Xuhui ( 1994 -), male, PhD. Mail-E: yuexh@whu.edu.cn

Corresponding author: Chen Qi volume ( 1963 -), male, professor. Mail-E: qjchen@whu.edu.cn

 
 114       Hydroelectric Engineering  

Rapid development, the major research institutions including the Chinese Academy of So as to achieve efficient energy capture of [ 15] ; Eagle WEC of PTO

Sciences Guangzhou Institute of Energy, the National Oceanic Technology Center and By increasing the hydraulic system relief valve and the autonomous controllers, such
major universities, research institutes. Where the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Institute of Energy developed a canard [ 4] , Hawk [ 5]
that a single stroke of the hydraulic cylinder system operating pressure stabilized at the

Suction point and the wave power generating device [ 6] , Shandong University, China upper and lower limit, so as to obtain a more stable power output work [ 16-18] ; Buoyancy pendulum WEC

Ocean University and Jimei University Studies respectively float sheave [ 7] Oscillation of PTO The system uses variable displacement hydraulic motor and a variable load

float [ 8-9] Floated wave energy converter and means [ 10] . control to achieve constant frequency generator [ 19-20] ;literature[ twenty one] Proposed PTO

Wave energy converter apparatus comprising energy capture system, and By increasing the system speed control valve, achieved droop under varying load

power output ( power take-off , PTO )system. The capture system can capture and generator frequency.

convert wave energy into mechanical energy device; PTO The mechanical system Based on the typical hydraulic PTO Systems based on the combination of the

device, or other electrical energy can be converted into useful energy in the form of aforementioned improvements PTO System, a novel wave power hydraulic

stable output. Although the form of the wave energy converter system can capture a PTO system design 2 kW Hydraulic pressure PTO System and study its feasibility

variety of means, but PTO System is mainly used pneumatic, hydraulic, hydraulic, or through simulation.

mechanical drive type motor type specific [ 11] . Since the hydraulic drive technology has
1 New wave power hydraulic PTO system
low torque, transmission power, and hydraulic overload fast frequency response

characteristics, it is suitable for the low-frequency wave power characteristics, the Figure 1 , The main components which include a single pole single acting

number of hydraulic means are used PTO system[ 12] . hydraulic cylinder, the check valve, the accumulator, control valve, variable displacement

A typical hydraulic PTO The main components of the system includes a hydraulic hydraulic motor, permanent magnet synchronous generator, relief and charge tank. The

cylinder, a hydraulic motor, a generator, a high-pressure accumulator, the low-pressure two-pass system enables stable power, and power output. Pushing swing plate wave

accumulator, a check valve [ 13-14] . Energy harvesting system (e.g., float, swing, rafts, etc.) (energy harvesting system) swing up and down around the fulcrum end, the other end of

to obtain mechanical energy transmitted to the hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder the pendulum reciprocated machine plate obtained by a rack and pinion mechanism can

driven by oil hydraulic piston motion converting mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. be transmitted to the horizontal bar single-acting hydraulic cylinder piston rod. Single

Through the check valve "rectified" by the piston rod of hydraulic oil caused by acting single rod cylinder piston driven back and forth movement of the push rod rodless

bidirectional motion bidirectional flow into the hydraulic motor is located in the main oil hydraulic oil chamber, converting mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. 4 Check

passage unidirectional flow of hydraulic oil, the hydraulic cylinder rod so as to realize valves "rectifying" denotes, in a bidirectional flow of the hydraulic oil cylinder rodless

double stroke work. The hydraulic motor hydraulic energy into rotational mechanical chamber integrated into a port at the one-way flow of the main passage. Variable

energy, a generator converts rotational mechanical energy into electrical energy output. displacement hydraulic motor hydraulic energy into rotational mechanical energy, and to

High pressure accumulator accumulator steady flow, eliminate the influence of achieve constant frequency generator is controlled by adjusting the displacement;

fluctuations in the input flow rate of the hydraulic oil in the main oil passage of the system permanent magnet synchronous generator the rotational mechanical energy into

electricalthe
stability. Low pressure corresponds to the pressure accumulator tank, hydraulic oil tank, while stabilizing energy, and its efficiency,
back pressure, reducinghigh powerand
vibration factor; accumulator hydraulic energy
noise.

on the basis of, Pelamis formula WEC of PTO System by improving the check saving, and stable work flow system pressure (refer to the flow of the hydraulic motor and

valve to control the valve block of hydraulic cylinder torque control, the front end of the main oil pressure accumulator via a shunt); complement tank corresponds to the low-pr

Map 1 Hydraulic wave power PTO Schematic system

Fig. 1 Schematic of the hydraulic PTO system for wave power generation
 Yue Xuhui, such as: 2 kW Hydraulic power output system design and simulation analysis of wave power generation   115  

Atmospheric pressure, can also work stress and flow stability of the system. The Air pressure in accumulator (usually the system operating pressure 80% to

additional control valve system and a relief valve for regulating the flow of work, to 90% [ twenty two] )take 9 MPa , Nominal volume take 6.3 L . Hydraulic Hose return pipe

achieve the output power adjustment, thus achieving large wave conditions (i.e. amount diameters taking 16 mm Pressure tubing diameter taken 10 mm , The diameter of the

of traffic main oil passage) and excess traffic overflow throttle, so that the constant suction tube taken 25 mm .

output power and protection PTO system.

2.2 Hydraulic reciprocating motion simulator wave

2 2 kW Hydraulic wave power PTO system design Since no practical laboratory wave conditions, so the design of the movement

of a reciprocating hydraulic wave motion simulator for simulating reciprocating single

2.1 2 kW Hydraulic wave power PTO system
acting single rod cylinder rod in the actual wave conditions. The principle is shown in
Contemplated 2 kW Hydraulic wave power PTO Physical model test system,
Figure 2 Shown, wherein the main components, including fuel tanks, oil filters, motors,
so this article is designed 1 set 2 kW Hydraulic wave power
fixed displacement hydraulic pump, a relief valve, check valve, the accumulator,
PTO system. That PTO The basic system design parameters in Table 1 Fig.
three-way electrohydraulic servo valve, double rod double-acting hydraulic cylinder and

table 1 2 kW PTO The basic design parameters of the system Motion detector.

T able 1 Basic design parameters of the 2 kW PTO syste m

The basic design parameters Design value

Preliminary design pressure p 0 / MPa 10

Design Flow Q r / ( L / min) 15.1

Stroke piston rod design x r / m 0.15

The design of the piston rod movement cycle T r / s 6

PTO System rated output power 0 N for 2 kW The system preliminary design

pressure p0 for 10 MPa When the hydraulic motor volumetric efficiency• v take 0.95 ,

• motor
The mechanical efficiency of the hydraulic takehydraulic
0.91 , Generator
m efficiency g •
take 0.92 , The design flow r Q:
NQ p• Map 2 Hydraulic reciprocating motion simulator wave Schematic
r
• 0
• 15.1 L / min (1)
•• 0 vmg Fig. 2 Hydraulic wave reciprocating motion simulator

Design conditions for the wave period of the waves 6 s Wave height 1.5 m Fig.
The working principle is: the oil back into the tank through the oil filter and the
1 As shown in both swing pivot plate length 1 y,2 y The ratio is set 10 ,
fixed displacement hydraulic pump pressure into oil. Stabilizing the oil pressure relief
x As
The stroke of the piston rod design r the wave height 1/10 , which is 0.15 m ,
valve of the hydraulic pressure source operates at a constant pressure conditions.
T That
The design of the piston rod movement cycle
is the
r wave period 6 s .
Accumulators as auxiliary oil source. A check valve for preventing the impact of the
according to 2 kW PTO The basic system design parameters, the key
pressurized oil of the hydraulic pump when the motor is stopped. A displacement
parameter may be calculated single-acting hydraulic cylinder, generators, variable
sensor for measuring displacement of the piston rod. Piston displacement signal with
displacement hydraulic motor, an accumulator and a hydraulic hose and other components of a single lever.
a reference amount of deviation of the sinusoidal displacement signal through PID The
The results are as follows: Single Single acting hydraulic cylinder inner diameter of cylinder rod taken
controller acts on the three-way after treatment electrohydraulic servo valve, which
80 mm , Taking the outer diameter of the piston rod 63 mm , Take the maximum stroke 200 mm
control movement of the valve body, thereby controlling a double-acting double-rod
x extra
(Than the design of the piston rod stroke r 50 mm Margin). Permanent
cylinder into the two oil chambers to thereby control the twin double-acting hydraulic cylinder piston rod mo
Synchronous generator model Formtek NE-2000 ,Rated speed 0 n for
When designing a reciprocating hydraulic wave motion simulator, inner diameter
500 r / min , Number of pole pairs 6 .
of cylinder double-acting double-rod cylinders take 90 mm , Taking the outer diameter of
Variable displacement hydraulic motor model for Howard A6V55EP12GP2 The
the piston rod 63 mm , Take the maximum stroke 200 mm ; Rated speed of the motor taken 1000
V Designr and load torque r
maximum displacement 55 mL / r Design displacement T:
r / min ; Constant pump displacement to take 15 mL / r ; Take air pressure in accumulator 25
•
QVrvr
• • 28.7 mL / r (2) MPa Volume take 6.3 L ; Opening pressure relief valve taken 30 MPa ; Flow rate of each of
n0
the three-way electrohydraulic servo valve are fully opened valve port 25 L / min .
60 NT0
r
• • 41.5 Nm (3)
2π n 0•g

 
 116       Hydroelectric Engineering  

Library ( Electrical Basics ) And pneumatic libraries ( Pneumatic ) Set up

3 Simulation and Feasibility Analysis System
2 kW Hydraulic wave power PTO Hydraulic systems Simulation Models wave

3.1 Simulation Model reciprocating motion simulator, and the simulation and analysis of its feasibility. The

Using simulation software AMESim Hydraulic Library ( Hydraulic ), The signal simulation model is shown 3 , Includes a reciprocating wave motion simulator, PTO System

control library ( Signal, Control ), Mechanical library ( Mechanical ), Hydraulic Component and generator load, which value is set according to the design component

Design ( Hydraulic Component Design ), Motor driver library ( Electric Motor and Drives ), parameters, permanent magnet synchronous generator load resistance of single-phase

The power base 10.75 Ω Star resistive load.

Map 3 AMESim Built in the simulation model

Fig. 3 Simulation model built in AMESim

3.2 Simulation design wave conditions Waves at the design condition, the piston rod reciprocates sinusoidally, the

In case the design wave (wave height 1.5 m ,cycle 6 s ), The stroke of the piston generator star resistive load single-phase voltage and current versus time in case of

rod 0.15 m , The amplitude of the sinusoidal reciprocating motion 0.075 m A period of 6 FIG. 5 Fig. Single-phase voltage and current amplitude of a star resistive load

s , So that the reference signal With this arrangement the sinusoidal displacement. stabilized at 121 V with 11.2 A , Frequency stability in 50 Hz .

Control valve fully opened is provided, PTO System pressure relief valve set to open 30 MPa .  
Piston displacement simulation results in FIG. 4 Fig. Reciprocation wave

simulator can quickly and accurately tracking the reference sinusoidal displacement

signal, a single push rod acting single rod cylinder made of amplitude 0.075 m A period

of 6 s Sinusoidal reciprocating motion.

( a ) Star resistive load single-phase voltage - Time curve

( b ) Star resistive load single-phase current - Time curve

Map 5 Star resistive load single-phase voltage and current waves at design conditions

Fig. 5 One-phase voltage (a) and current (b) of star

resistive load under the design wave condition

Map 4 Piston displacement under design conditions and the reference sine wave displacement signals
When the design wave conditions, sinusoidally reciprocating motion of the piston rod, PTO
Fig. 4 Rod displacement and sinusoidal reference signal
System output power (i.e., power generator output) versus time
under the design wave condition
 Yue Xuhui, such as: 2 kW Hydraulic power output system design and simulation analysis of wave power generation   117  

Figure case 6 Fig. start up 10 s Rear, PTO System output power stability in 2050 W Slightly When the waves at the design condition, the piston rod sinusoidally reciprocating motion,

larger than 2000 W Volatility less than ± 1.5% . This is because the energy loss considering PTO System pressure and flow changes over time in FIG. 7 Fig. When the accumulator

generator design, the introduction of generator efficiency, the generator used in the tank and fed uncut, rapid and stable system working pressure in the preliminary design

simulation model is an ideal model does not consider damping, so PTO System power pressure 10 MPa Volatility less than ± 2% , Work flow through 7 s After stabilizing in the

output slightly PTO System rated output power 2 kW . design flow 15.1 L / min Volatility less than ± 1% ; Complement accumulator and the fuel

tank when not removed, due to the "rectification" effect sinusoidal reciprocating single

  acting hydraulic cylinder piston rod of the single-rod double-acting stroke and the check

valve, the main inlet flow passage presents "bread-like" period 3 s The maximum is 23.8 L

/ min , After working through the flow system can be stabilized in the accumulator 15.1 L /

min Around visible accumulator role played a steady flow. When the accumulator is cut

out of the main passage, the working pressure of the system 0 MPa with 19 MPa Between

the volatility seen accumulator played a role of regulator. As will be excised from the main

oil tank fill, the system operating pressure and flow rate are lower than the design value

of work, and will be periodically dump, which is due to a single acting single rod cylinder

rod chamber suction process of the expansion can not be timely enough oil so that the oil

discharge flow rate and pressure generated during the compression is less than with a
Map 6 Hydraulic design wave conditions at PTO System output power
tank fill situation, the flow and pressure change occurs during inter
Fig. 6 Power output of the hydraulic PTO system under
the design wave condition

( a ) Hydraulic three cases PTO System working pressure - Time curve

( b ) Hydraulic PTO System Flow - Time curve

Map 7 Hydraulic design wave conditions at PTO System pressure, flow

Fig. 7 Oil pressure (a) and flow (b) of the hydraulic PTO system under the design wave condition

 
 118       Hydroelectric Engineering  

Off, eventually cause the system flow rate and pressure decreases, and decrease the Under the PTO System output power fairly.

stability seen up oil tank and the role of the steady flow.

In summary, the design wave conditions, the PTO The system can output

continuously, stably 2 kW Electric power. The accumulator can be simultaneously

accumulator steady flow, able to make the oil supply tank and steady flow, the check

valve can be realized "rectification."

3.3 Big wave simulation conditions

Big wave condition refers to the design wave conditions wave height value. To

wave height 2 m ,cycle 6 s Large wave condition, for example, at this time the piston

rod stroke 0.2 m , The amplitude of the sinusoidal reciprocating motion 0.1 m A period

of 6 s , So that the reference signal With this arrangement the sinusoidal displacement. Map 9 Hydraulic next big wave conditions PTO System output power

Q , Output power the

greater Fig. 9 Power output of the hydraulic PTO system under
The system operates under the condition wavethan
flowthe rated output
is greater power,
than the so flow rate r
design
the large wave condition
The need to open the throttle and the relief valve overflow. Thus, the flow rate control

valve is set to the design flow rate 15.1 L / min , PTO System pressure relief valve set to Large wave conditions, the sinusoidal reciprocation of the piston rod, PTO System

open 12 MPa . pressure, flow rate changes with time as shown in 10 Fig. start up

Piston displacement simulation results in FIG. 8 Fig. Wave reciprocation 7 s After the system working pressure, flow rate stabilized at work 10 MPa ,

simulators can simulate large wave amplitude condition of the piston rod 0.1 m A period of 6 15.1 L / min ; 9 s After the front end of the pressure control valve is stable 12 MPa ,

s Sinusoidal reciprocating motion. Relief began to overflow. Visible, when the throttle valve is operated governor obvious

  effect, the system can quickly stabilize the flow of work, the working pressure so as to

stabilize the system, the excess flow into the accumulator manipulation accumulator

pressure rise, when the accumulator pressure reaches the relief valve opens pressure

12 MPa When the relief valve is opened.

In summary, large wave conditions, the PTO The system can be maintained 2 kW

Power output. At this time, the control valve functions as a throttle relief valve drain

excess traffic.

4 in conclusion

This paper presents a new type of wave power hydraulic PTO system. The

Map 8 Piston displacement under large wave conditions system can achieve double stroke cylinder power, and stable power output, a one-way
Fig. 8 Rod displacement under the large wave condition
valve "rectified" by the accumulator accumulator steady flow, and the auxiliary supply

Large wave conditions, the sinusoidal reciprocation of the piston rod, PTO The tank make use of steady flow regulating proportional control valve and the relief valve

system power output changes over time in FIG. 9 Fig. start up 7 s flow adjustment work and output power to achieve a large output power constant wave

After the generator output power stability 2077 W And design wave conditions conditions.

Operating pressure control

valve distal pressure

02468101214
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
time/ s
( a ) Hydraulic PTO System pressure - Time curve
 Yue Xuhui, such as: 2 kW Hydraulic power output system design and simulation analysis of wave power generation   119  

( b ) Hydraulic PTO System Flow - Time curve

Map 10 Hydraulic next big wave conditions PTO System pressure and flow

Fig. 10 Oil pressure (a) and flow (b) of the hydraulic PTO system under the large wave condition

The simulation results, the feasibility of the apparatus. Simulation results [6] Shengsong Wei, Yu Yago, Ya groups, and the like. A point absorber wave energy loading of formula

show: Kinetics of home water [ J]. Solar Technology, 2013, 34 (8): 1443-

( 1 ) Waves at the design condition, the PTO The system can output 1449.

continuously, stably 2 kW Electric power; energy storage device capable of accumulator . SHENG Songwei, YOU Yage, ZHANG Yaqun, et al Study of hydrodynamic of

steady flow, fill the tank, and the auxiliary supply timely steady flow, the check valve device point-absorbing wave-energy [J] Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2013, 34

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Power output; At this time, the control valve functions as a throttle, the excess traffic

overflow spill. the University, 2015.

. WANG Yangang Research on buoy-rope-drum wave power system [D] Jinan:.

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(Editor: Fan Honggang)