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SOIL TEXTURE
The look and the feel of a soil is referred as
soil texture which is determined by the relative
proportion of mineral particles of different sizes
present in the soil.
Soil are composed of sand ,slit and clay
particles.
Stones and gravels are excluded from the
textural classes.
SIZE OF THE PARTICLES
Particle size is determined by the diameter of individual
soil fragments.
According to the International system of soil
classification ,size of different particle are as follows:
Clay – less than 0.002 mm
Slits – 0.002mm to 0.02mm
Sand – 0.02mm to 2.0mm
• very fine sand – 0.02mm to 0.10mm
• Fine sand – 0.10mm to 0.25mm
• Medium sand – 0.25mm to o.50mm
• Coarse sand – 0.50mm to 1.0mm
• Very coarse sand – 1.0mm to 2.0mm
Gravel - larger than 2.0 mm
FIGURE SHOWING DIFFERENT SOIL PARTICLES
HOW THESE PARTICLES CAN
BE SEPARATED
• To separate the particle of different sizes ,the
organic matter of soil is oxidized and inorganic
cementation is removed to breakdown structural
aggregation.
• Fine fractions are removed from coarser material
by sedimentation technique.
• Coarse fraction is dried and graded by sieving.
• Stones and gravels are retained by 2.0 mm
perforated plate sieve , the coarse sand retain
on a 70 mesh wire sieve ( 0.23 mm per
opening) while the fine sand passes through
the 70 mesh.
• Slit and clay fractions are graded according to
sedimentation velocity in a liquid column.
TEXTURAL GROUPS
• On the basis of proportion of different size particle
,soils are classified into different textural groups;
TEXTURAL GROUPS RELATIVE PROPORTION OF DIFFERENT SIZED
MINERAL PARTICLE
Sandy soil 85% sand + 15%clay or slit or both