Python Control Flow Week 3 Reference 2018-Spring

Types Branching Functions

str Basic if Optionally execute indented Positional parameters

code based on the truth value of
a = "hello!" the condition def add(a, b):
a.upper() # HELLO! c = a + b
a.capitalize() # Hello! if cost < 10: print("the sum is", c)
a.strip("!") # hello print("impulse buy") add(1, 2)
a.index("e") # 2
a.split("e") # ["h", "llo!"] Boolean operators “and”, “or” Keyword parameters
number types if age > 17 and place == "UK":
print("can buy alcohol") def greet(name="Jack"):
count = 3 # int if age < 18 or s == "student": print("Hello", name)
pi = 3.14 # float print("can get discount") greet(name="Jill")

list If-elif-else Return value

a = ["a", "b", 3] if beer == "Darkwing": def in_file(name):

a[0] # "a"
a[1] # "b"
a[-1] # "3"
a[1:2] # ["b", 3]
tuple same as list, but immutable
a = ("a", "b", 3)
dict
a = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
a["a"] # 1
a["b"] # 2
del ["a"] # deletes "a" Iteration
a["c"] = 3 # adds "c" to dict
list methods
a = ["a", "b", 3]
a.append(4) # ["a", "b", 3, 4]
a.reverse() # [4, 3, "b", "a"]
dict methods
a = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
a.get("c", 3) # 3 as default Range for-loop Useful for looping
a.update({"d": 4}) # add more
a.keys() # iterable of keys
a.values() # ... of values
a.items() # ... of both
Key Terms
Variable A named “bucket” that you
can put data into.
Assignment The act of putting data Interruption Exit loops prematurely Scope The idea that variables assigned
into a variable.
Function A bit of code given a name.
Functions attached to objects are
called “methods”.
Call To cause a function to run, also
known as “invoking” the function.
Arguments Data provided to a func-
tion when calling a function.
print("IPA") path = "./src/" + name
elif beer == "Hefe": return path + ".html"
print("Hefeweizen") path = in_file("home")
elif beer == "Stonehenge": html = open(path).read()
print("Stout")
else: Comment aka “docstring”
print("Unknown beer")
def plural(word):
Pass placeholder that does nothing """
Return the plural of
if cost > 1.99: an English word.
pass # TODO: finish this """
if word.endswith("s"):
return word + "es"
return word + "s"
print("Many", plural("cat"))
For loop Execute the indented code for
each item in a list or other “it- Lambda alternative syntax for one-
erable”, temporarily putting that liners
item in a given variable
cubed = lambda i: i ** 3
names = ["John", "Paul", "G"] print("5^3 is ", cubed(5))
for name in names:
print("name:", name)
Programming Concepts
through numbers
Pseudocode A “rough draft” in fake
for x in range(0, 100): coding that serves as a middle-
print("x:", x) ground in the process of converting
high-level thought into lower-level
While loop Repeat indented code un- code.
til condition is no longer true
State diagram Diagramming what
i = 2 different variables should hold at
while i < 10000: different times in the execution of
print("square:", i)
your application.
i = i ** 2
within functions aren’t accessible
with break, skip to next iteration outside that function.
with continue
Refactor The process of converting
for i in range(0, 50): ugly, repetitive code into clean
choice = input("quit/skip? ") code which follows D.R.Y. (Don’t
if choice == "quit":
break Repeat Yourself) principles.
elif choice == "skip":
continue
print("i", i, "i^2", i ** 2)

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