Migration From 4G To 5G PDF

Migration from 4G to 5G
- Revolution or Evolution ? -
Sept. 4th, 2013
The 6th International Workshop on 5G
Yukitsuna Furuya
Tokyo Institute of Technology
1
General Mobile Technology Trend by Generations
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Generation Generation Generation Generation
Radio FM TDMA CDMA OFDMA
CS
Network
PS
IMS
Tel
Service
Data
2
What is 4G ?
Officially IMT-A Mobility
is 4G. High Enhanc
New
But people call LTE IMT-2000ed IMT-

2000
Mobile
Access
as 4G, since there is Enhancement
a large change from

3G.
Low
1 10 100 1000
Peak Useful Data Rate (Mb/s)
What will be 5G then ?

Nobody knows yet
3
My view on Generation technology
Replace the
Start from Cover the
previous generation
limited area whole area
If there is a technology called 5G, it

must be applicable to Macro Cell
4
Requirements to future Macro Cell
technology
Very high flexibility, although many

people say higher bit rate
5
Frequency allocation to mobile
operators in Japan
Total
Band 700M 800M 900M 1.5G 1.7G 2G 2.5G (MHz)
NTT docomo 20 30 *1 30 *2 40 40 160

KDDI 20 30 20 40 110
Softbank 30 20 40 90
E-mobile 20 30 50
UQ 30 30
WCP 30 30
*3
Wilcom 31.2
31.2
Total: 500MHz
17% of spectrum below 3GHz
Small portion compared with industry size
6
Current wireless systems
• Below 3GHz, many different usage
– Broadcasting (TV, radio )
– Special Mobile Radio
• Ship, Railway, Taxi, Truck, Electricity, Gas
– Public radio
• Military, police, ambulance,・・・
– Satellites
• LEO, Mobile satellites, GPS
– Amateur radio
– Wireless LAN, PAN
– And so on
• Too many systems !
7
From national economy viewpoint
• Government should maximize economical value
of spectrum
• Mobile systems are far more spectrum efficient
than other systems
– Late comer
– Very high traffic demand compared with spectrum
allocated
• Each system has its own requirements, but many
of then can be covered technically by mobile
systems
8
SMR system trends
• SMR systems are based on either TRTRA or iDEN,
– Police, ambulance, disaster warning, train, ship, taxi,
electricity, gas,,,,
• They need to change to broadband systems
• There are many independent SMR systems, each
of them has a small chunk of spectrum
– This makes broadband difficult
– Infrastructure cost is high, because many overlapped
coverage by independent systems
9
SMRs should adopt LTE for broadband
• LTE can provide wireless broadband service with
high spectrum efficiency, much higher than SMRs
• Cellular systems will converge to LTE
– Because of its market size, cost of equipment will
come down , even if it is complicated
• LTE will keep evolving
– Big industry effort is spent on 3GPP to make LTE
system better
– Even if some function is not in LTE now, it will be
included in the future
10
Band operation re-arrangement
Railway A Railway B Taxi Electricity
Operator X
New Service New Service
t TDMA
11
frequency OFDM Arrangement
New Service time

12
Additional requirements to LTE
• Most SMRs require exclusive spectrum resource
– This can be realized appropriate resource allocation.
TDMA is an example
– It can be introduced to LTE
– High reliability is also required
• Many SMRs require group call function
– LTE already have eMBMS
• Some SMRs require strong security
– LTE security is reasonably strong
– If necessary, it can be enhance by higher protocol
13
Running LTE SMR (1)
• Currently, SMR license is divided into small pieces
– Each company has 100KHz or 200KHz band
• A new operating company, handling many SMR
license should be established and that operator
should deploy broadband LTE
– FirstNet is a good example
– The operator should guarantee traffic to previous
license holders
• Several business models are possible
14
Running LTE SMR (2)
• There will be surplus frequency resource for
new services since LTE spectrum efficiency is
higher than current SMR
• Who will use the surplus resource on what,
should be determined based on LTE network
investment
• Business model should be deeply discussed
15
700MHz band allocation in US
Band 17: AT&T:LTE

Band 13: Verizon:LTE
Band 14： Public Safety Broadband
Military, police, ambulance,, combined broadband
Operator will be the FirstNet, part of government
16
Basic FirstNet concept
• A new band is allocated for broadband public safety in

US
– 99% area coverage of US
• FirstNet will provide service
– FirstNet is a new US organization to run braodband public
safety
• Technology is LTE
• FirstNet will share the network with mobile operators
– To reduce the investment on base stations
• US government made some functional request to 3GPP
17
Restoration form a disaster
・On emergency, communication tool is very important

・Special consideration should be paid on safety wireless
18
Introduction of Very Low Rate
Expand the coverage of non-damaged base station

Activity has started in 3GPP under M2M WI
19
TV broadcast should be LTE based
• Currently, digital TV systems use their own
transmission method
– US, JAPAN, EU, China has their own standards
• All digital TV should be TD-LTE based
– Two-way communication capability on TV will help a
interesting TV program a lot
– Ratio can be 20 down, 1 up link
– No technical difficulty exist
– Global standard
– Internet TV, Mobile TV will be much simpler
20
TV broadcast should be LTE based
• TV White Space will be effectively used by two
way communications
• Spectrum license holder can be broadcaster or
other people
• 3GPP WI: L-band for Supplemental Downlink
in E-UTRA and UTRA is a starting point of this,
same as MediaFLO.
21
PMSE should be LTE based
• PMSE (Program Making Special Event） is a
communication system to deliver TV signal to
center site
• If it is LTE based, it can use cellular LTE system,
when spectrum resource is available.
• Currently, TV white space usage is under
consideration.
• If both broadcasting and PMSE are LTE based,
white space can be used very effectively
22
Wireless LAN can be LTE based
• Wireless LAN physical layer can be LTE layer 1
– Wireless LAN chip is already produced enough
– Cost down effect LTE WLAN is not so large
– Interwork between LTE-WLAN will be easier
• WLAN MAC should be CSMA-CA based
– CSMA-CA is essential for unlicensed band
– 3GPP may better consider introduction of CSMA-
CA to LTE
23
What should not be LTE based
• PAN (Personal Area Network) should not be
changed to LTE
– For a short distance communications, spectrum
efficiency is not an issue
– In many cases, cost and power efficiency is more
important than spectrum efficiency for PAN
– LTE is not designed for such a purpose
24
Summary on LTE convergence
• Most of the wide area wireless systems are better
evolved to LTE
• This does not mean mobile operator should
control most of the spectrum
– There should be considerations on non-economic
value
• If most of the systems deploy LTE, there will be a
vast economical benefit as a whole
• US FirstNet is the starting point of this activity
– US may introduce LTE TV broadcasting as well
25
Conclusions
• High speed transmission in higher frequency is
important, but we should look at lower frequency
optimization as well
• LTE will be applied to almost all wide area
wireless systems
– US will lead this through FirstNet
– Broadcasting will (may?) be LTE based as well
• Next change to mobile radio technology is to
increase flexibility so that it can be applied to
many other wireless systems
26
5G Mobile Communication
Networking Technology
Professor WANG Jing
Tsinghua University, China
wangj@tsinghua.edu.cn
2013.07.17.
Outline
 FutureRequirements
 Technology Developments
 Hyper-cellular Architecture
 Conclusions
Future Requirements
Future Requirements
 Mobile terminal market
Mobile Service Market
 Over 3 billions of Laptops, Pads and
Smart phones
 Over 5 billions of download

applications
Mobile data traffic is doubled

every 13 months
Requirement Forecast
 Total subscriber base increases
10% YoY
 Mobile broadband penetration to
reach 100% by 2020
 Traffic volume per subscriber
increases 25-40% YoY
 Traffic volume increases by:
 x150-500 from 2010 to 2020 and
 x3000-30000 from 2010 to 2030
The 1000x data challenge (ref 2010) may likely happen during the period 2022-2026
Technology goals of the 5G
 METIS Project Objectives
• C5G Project Objectives

• Area Data Throughout of 25 times Improvement to 4G
• Frequency Efficiency of 10 times Improvement to 4G
• Service Data Throughput of 10Gbps
• Energy Efficiency of 10 times Improvement to 4G
Technology Developments
Air Interface Technologies
New Air
GMSK+CC +TDMA QPSK+TC +CDMA QAM+OFDM+MIMO Interface
5G ???
4G LTE LTE-A LTE-B LTE-C
3G UMTS HDPA HSPA+ UMTS-A
2G GSM GPRS EDGE EDGE+ Evolution
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Transmission Technology Contributions
Where are
we going to?
MIMO ICIC
System Architecture Evolution
 R99R5R8 (3GPP)
 From Tree to full mesh
Coverage Limitations
Frequency efficiency of cell edge
Environment Downlink Uplink
(bit/s/Hz) (bit/s/Hz)
Indoor 0.1 0.07
Microcellular 0.075 0.05
Base coverage 0.06 0.03
urban
High speed 0.04 0.015
Average frequency efficiency

Environment Downlink Uplink
(bit/s/Hz) (bit/s/Hz)
Indoor 3 2.25
Microcellular 2.6 1.80
Base coverage 2.2 1.4
urban
High speed 1.1 0.7
Small Cell Limitations
• Path loss exponent decreases with
reducing cell size because of LOS
happening more
• Inter-cell Interference increases

Significantly with Decreasing of Path
loss exponent
Capacity (users/MHz/km2)
Network capacity does not improve

Continuously with decreasing cell
size because of ICI
Cell size
Possible Solutions for 1000x
 3x increase in spectrum
 Re-farming Existing bands for more efficient use
 New licensed bands, including higher frequencies for hot-spot
 6x improvement in spectral efficiency
 Higher-order modulation to 256QAM to increase the amount of data transported per
Hz of spectrum
 3D MIMO and massive antenna beam forming with arrays of as many as 100+
antenna elements
 Coordinated multiple point transmission and interference management techniques to
improve cell-edge performance
 56x higher average cell density in HetNet configurations
 The addition of many layer cells including macro, micro, pico, femto, relay,
phantom, ……
 Traffic Balancing and offloading of many modes including 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G,
WiFi, ……
 Clouds of antennae will provide the biggest boost to capacity through extreme
frequency reuse.
Source：http://www.wiseharbor.com/index.html
ICI Cancellation Performance
仙霞路
芙
蓉
古
北
• 4X4 MIMO
• 20MHz Bandwidth @ 3.5GHz
路
江
路档案馆
运动场
AP1 AP2 • APs(antennas only) connect Computing

虹古路
Unit by RoF
MT
AP1+AP2 CoMP
only
only
Source: China FuTURE Project

Lessons learnt from Past 40 Years
Spectral Efficiency x 25
•TACSGSM：4 times（2G）
•GSM  UMTS：2.5 times（3G）
•UMTS  LTE：2.5 times（4G）
Spectrum Employed x 25
Network density improves system capacity of 60

times compared other domains.
Source: http://www.arraycomm.com/technology/coopers-law
5G Technologies should Enable ‘Net Work’
 CoMP: ICIC
 Algorithm + Architecture
 Cell Density: 250m33m
 Small cell, phantom cell
 HetNet: layers and modes
 Mobility:
 Handover：horizontal and vertical
 Connectivity：always online
Hyper-Cellular Architecture
Hyper-Cellular Architecture (HCA)
 Separating the Coverage of C-Plane and D-Plane

 Seamless coverage of C-Plane/U-Plane
 Soft coverage of D-Plane
 Soft access mode matching
 Unified Signaling Procedure of diverse systems
 D-Plane Implemented by Distributed Wireless
Communication Systems (DWCS)
 Virtual Node-B
 Virtually Cell
Separating the Coverage of
C-Plane and D-Plane
 The decoupling of the control signaling coverage and traffic data
coverage
Coverage Example
 Soft access mode matching
 Unified Signaling Procedure of diverse systems
C-Plane GSM 900MHz
D-Plane
LTE 3.5GHz
WiFi 2.4GHz
DWCS Based D-Plane
Node C2
Node C1
Node A
MT1
Cable/Fiber
MT2
Node C3 Node C4
Elements in DWCS
 NodeA: Antenna Units
 Interfaces between air and fiber
 NodeC: Computation Units
 Modems, filters,…
 Connection Between NodeA and NodeC
 High performance mashed network
 Virtual NodeB=NodeAs+NodeC
 MT oriented Processing
 Virtual Cells
 MT oriented coverage
2013/8/27 23
Inter-Antenna Interference Cancellations
under DWCS
 MTs with WCDMA voice
1
0.1
m=1,=3
Outage probability
m=2,=3
m=4,=3
0.01
m=1,=4
m=2,=4
m=4,=4
1E-3
1E-4
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Number of mobiles per antenna
Source: IEEE Communication Magazine, 2003

DWCS Example – C-RAN
 C-RAN is proposed by the China Mobile (CMCC)
 Baseband processing is Centralized logically
 Radio processing is Cooperative
 Computation Units is real-time Cloud
 Systems is Clear (Green ), energy saving systems

C-RAN Construction
BBU Pool BBU Pool BBU Pool
… X2+ X2+ …
PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC
负载均衡
高速交换 Real-time Cloud
Fiber Transmission
Cooperative
Radio
Distributed RRU
RRU RRU
RRU RRU
RRU
RRU RRU RRU

RRU
HCA Advantages
 Connection Suitable for Diverse RANs
 Different operation modes: 2G, 3G, LTE, WiFi, ……
 Different coverage layers: Macro, Micro, Pico, Femto,
Relay, Phantom, ……
 Different AI constructions: eNodeB, NodeB, DAS, C-RAN,
DWCS, ……
 Energy Management: AP on/off, Power control, ……
 Good Performance
 Good Connectivity & Mobility
 Flexibility, Scalability, Cost & Energy efficiency
Challenges of HCA Realization
 Optimize Coverage of C-Plane
 Unified signaling capacity
 Special services in U-Plane
 Optimize Coverage of D-Plane
 Service oriented
 UE oriented
 Energy oriented
 Redefine Radio Resources
 Time slot, frequency band, location, beams, mode, layer, etc.
 Redefine the signaling procedure
 Defining Cell-ID, Synchronizing, Accessing, Handover, Paging,
Power control, Radio resource management, etc.
Challenges of DWCS Realization
 High Quality Network

 Broad band up to Tbps
 High timing accuracy reach ps
 Full meshed connection
 High Performance Computing Units

 Reconfigurable
 Scalable
 Reliable
 Real-time Cloud
Conclusions
 Networking technologies play an

important role in the 5G systems
 The Hyper-Cellular architecture splits
coverage of signaling and data to meet
the evolution of mobile networks
 DWCS can meet requirements of radio
technology evolution
5G 포럼 WORKSHOP
김성국, 이호원
Past Decades
 All-IP
 IP absorbed other communication protocols
 Personalization
 Customized services
 Smartphone is a personal computer
 Mobile
 Most used information device is a mobile phone
 Social
 Sharing information with acquaintances
 Users produce information
Smartphone
 The biggest disruption
 3G(4G) + Cloud service + Mobility
 Mobile device is not inferior but superior
Future Internet Trends
 Scalability
1 billion (2008)  2 billon (2014) PCs
 200 million (2008)  2 billion (2014) smartphones
 5 exabytes (2005)  990 exabytes (2012) data
 13 exabytes (2010)  42 exabytes (2014) consumer
monthly data
 Heterogeneity
 vehicles, sensors, smartphones, home appliances
 Mobility
 From Internet of contents to Internet of services
Accelerating Trends
 On-demand
 Context-aware information
 Services should be ready before requested
 Personalization
 From personal device to personal service
 Mobile
 New services will start from mobile services
 Social
 More information will be spread through social network
New Challenge
 Information inequality
 Access to information is a part of basic right
 Bigger gap between economic status
 Cyber security
 Mobile services are more prone to security attack
 More intelligent devices
 How to embed intelligence into more mundane devices
New Service Area
 Conquer non-IP communication
 Broadcasting, law enforcement, medical services
 Expand into not-yet computerized/connected area
 Automotive to clothing
 Augmented Human Intelligence
 Health Care
 Reduce medial cost
 From public health care to personal health service
Requirement
 Continuous flow of information
 Virtually limitless flow of information
 Bi-direction flow of information
 High value knowledge extraction from information
 Device-transparency
Mobile Cloud
 Cloud centric services are not sustainable
 Toomuch traffic between mobile network and IP
backbone
 Mobile backhaul will be a cloud network
 Mobilebackhaul will be bigger than current cloud
datacenter
Cloud Networking
 Cloud service = computing + networking
 Diverse traffic characteristics
 Customer traffic
 Multimedia
 Interactive service
 Infra traffic
 Short important messages
 Bulk data transfer
 Inter-data center traffic
 Data source is integrated with delivery channels
 Strong incentives on network innovation
 Network performance has huge impact on service quality
New Topology
Cloudservice provider
(Naver, Google, …)
Current network Future network
5G 예시
휴대전화
Future Radio Access for 5G
Yoshihisa Kishiyama
NTT DOCOMO, INC.
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved. 1

Network/Communication Society
in 2020 and Beyond
Everything Connected Extension/enrichment
by Wireless of wireless services
Monitor/collect information & control devices Deliver rich contents in real-time & ensure safety
Multiple personal Transportation Video streaming New types of

devices (Car/Bus/Train) terminal/HI
4K
Interaction across Entertainment, Navigation 4K/8K video resolutions

multiple devices Traffic information Video on newspapers
Background video
Glasses/Touch internet
Consumer Watch/jewelry/cloth
electronics Healthcare Education
s
Remote health
check &
Human interface counseling
Remote operation using and healtchcare
personal terminal sensors Distance (remote) learning
Any lesson anywhere/anytime
House Sensors Cloud computing
Safety and lifeline system
Smart power grid

Remote control of Agriculture and farming
All kinds of services supported Prevention of accidents
facilities Factory automation
by the mobile personal cloud Robustness to disasters
House security Weather/Environment

FRA concept and requirements
• 500 -1000 x capacity/km2 • 10-100 x higher user data rates

• Reduced latency to < 1 ms
• Support of high mobility
• Terminal battery saving
• 100 x more connected devices • Very small/light BS with energy saving

• Lower overhead incl. reduced control signaling • Reduced network cost incl. backhaul
• Enhanced connectivity, e.g., deep inhouse • Automatic network optimization for diverse
environments incl. emergency cases
Future Radio Access (FRA) will provide a total solution

to satisfy the requirements by future drivers
Evolution paths for FRA
• Further LTE enhancements Future Radio Access
– Macro-assisted small cell enhancement (= Future IMT = 5G?)
(Phantom cell)
– Further general LTE enhancements
• Potential new RAT Potential
– Should prioritize the achievement of more New RAT
big gains over backward compatibility
– Consider new spectrum allocations of
WRC-15 and beyond
– Some technical components may be
Big gain
applied to further LTE enhancements
Macro-assisted
Performance
small cell enhancement Rel-14/15,…

LTE-Advanced (Phantom cell)
Rel-12/13 Further LTE
LTE
Rel-10/11 enhancements
Rel-8/9 CA/eICIC/CoMP
Pico/Femto for HetNet WRC-15 WRC-18/19
~2015 ~2020 Year
Considerations on New RAT
• New RAT should achieve significant gains
• New RAT could be non-backward compatible to LTE
Æ What is the major change that characterizes New RAT?
– New numerology?
– New waveform?
– New frame structure?
– New idle mode?
– Other things?
– Or combinations of above?
• New RAT should support all scenarios supported by LTE or not?

Option 1 Option 2
– New RAT covers all LTE scenarios in – New RAT covers part of LTE scenarios
addition to specific scenarios that LTE does and specific scenarios that LTE does not
not support support
New RAT New RAT
LTE LTE

Directions of evolution: “The Cube”
A set of radio access technologies is required
to satisfy future requirements
Required performance
Spectrum efficiency
Traffic offloading
TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx WiFi
TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx
Non-orthogonal multiple access
Controller
3D/Massive MIMO,
Network densification
Current Hotspot Dense urban
Advanced receiver
capacity Shopping mall
Study for new interference scenarios
Tx-Rx cooperative access technologies Cellular network assists
local area radio access
Spectrum extension
Existing cellular bands Higher/wider frequency bands New cellular concept for cost/energy-
efficient dense deployments
Very wide Super wide
Frequency
Efficient use of higher spectrum bands

FRA technical concept
Combined usage of lower and higher frequency bands
Æ Higher frequency bands become useful and beneficial!
Existing cellular bands Higher frequency bands 9 No coverage issue any
(high power density for coverage) (wider bandwidth for high data rate) more
9 Can provide very high
Very wide Super wide throughput using wider
bandwidth
(e.g. > 3GHz) (e.g. > 10GHz)
9 Big offloading gain from
existing cellular bands
Frequency

Further cellular Exploitation of higher
enhancements frequency bands
o nal IM O,
r
g
tho ess c e p t e M rame
- o c on s iv
Non le acc . c el l Mas ology/f
ip
mult MA), et
c nto m s plit) mer e tc.
Pha U plane N u
desi
gn,
(NO (C/
Phantom cell concept
• Proposed architecture to utilize higher frequency bands
“Phantom cell” – Split of C-plane & U-plane between
macro and small cells in different frequency bands [1, 2]
Macro cell
Existing
cellular bands
e
lan
C- p
U-
Phantom cell pl
an
e
Higher
frequency bands
[1] NTT DOCOMO, 3GPP RWS-120010, June 2012.
[2] H. Ishii et al., IEEE Globecom 2012 Workshop, Dec. 2012.
C-plane: Macro cell maintains U-plane: Small cell provides higher
good connectivity and mobility throughput and more flexible/cost-
using lower frequency bands energy efficient operations using
higher/wider frequency bands
Massive MIMO
• Massive MIMO – Beamforming using massive antenna
elements in higher frequency bands
– Essential technology to achieve effective cell range
Example 2D antenna configuration
LTE 3D-MIMO Massive MIMO
d
Antenna element 3.5 GHz 10 GHz 20 GHz
(λ = 8.6 cm) (λ = 3 cm) (λ = 1.5 cm)
20cm ：：：：
spacing (d)
0.5 λ 16 169 676
0.7 λ 9 81 361
20cm
Æ Compensation of increased path loss & Improved spectrum efficiency
Cell range extension Improved spectrum efficiency with
by beamforming gain (multi-user) spatial multiplexing

Massive MIMO & Macro-assisted
Massive MIMO
Potential issue – Coverage
for common channels ?
(system information, paging,
synchronization signal, etc.)
Macro cell
Small cell
The combination of
Massive MIMO and
Macro-assisted small cell
will provide adequate cell coverage even with a high frequency
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)
Processing power
in Devices
f,ｔ,
code
f,ｔ,
code Intentional
Effort for Effort for Non-orthogonality
Orthogonality Interference Mitigation
FDMA,TDMA, Equalizer, MIMO
NOMA
25
CDMA, OFDMA Canceller
[Mbps]
Throughput(Mbps)
OMA with frequency
scheduling NOMA with wideband
scheduling
20
CellThroughput
Exploitation of 30% gains
15
power-domain, path loss OMA with wideband
scheduling
Cell
difference among users, 10
and UE processing power 0 20 40 60 80 100
UEspeed[km/h]
UE Speed(km/h)
Other potential technologies
• New numerology and frame structure for:
– Higher frequency bands
– Wider frequency bandwidths
– Small cells
– Reduced latency
– etc.
• New waveforms
– UL OFDM
– FBMC, FTN, etc.
• Contention based UL access for:

– Lower overhead and reduced latency for small packets from, e.g. M2M terminals
• Flexible NW for:
– NW cost reduction
– Coverage enhancement
– Mitigation of fronthaul/backhaul bottlenecks
– QoE improvement
– Moving NW/mobile relay
– D2D
– Caching at base station/mobile terminal
– etc.
FRA Real-time Simulator
The potential performance gains of applying key FRA
technologies are demonstrated using FRA real-time
simulator.
Demo Scenario
¾ Spectrum extension x NW densification
• Efficient exploitation of higher
frequency bands using small cells
¾ Key technology for small cells
• Massive MIMO
• Key technology for macro cells
• Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)

FRA real-time simulator
400 MHz BW@10 GHz Æ 600 MHz BW@20 GHz Æ With Massive MIMO

11 GHz Band 10 Gbps Field Experiments
Specifications of off-line experimental system
Transmission scheme 8x16 MIMO-OFDM
Transmit power per antenna 25 dBm
Occupied bandwidth 400 MHz

Subcarrier spacing 195 kHz
No. of active subcarriers pilot: 32, data: 2000

Transmitter inside MS
Modulation scheme 64QAM
Channel coding turbo code, R = 3/4 (11.8 Gbps)
MIMO detection turbo detection
Measurement course (Ishigaki Island, Japan)
MS with 8 transmit antennas
16 BS receive antennas:
65 degrees beam,
15 dBi

Measurement Results on Field Experiments
Measured average SNR
Throughput Performance
Measured delay spread

Summary
• We presented our views on vision, requirements and potential
key techologies for Future Radio Access (FRA):
– Macro-assisted small cell, i.e., Phantom cell, and Massive MIMO are
promising in the long-term future for higher/wider frequency bands
– Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising technology
for future cellular enhancements
– Other technologies, e.g. new numerology/frame structure, new
waveform, contention based UL and flexible NW need to be further
studied
Combined usage of lower and higher frequency bands
Further cellular Exploitation of higher

enhancements frequency bands
o nal IM O,
o r
g
tho ess n c e pt iv e M rame
- c o s
Non le acc . el l Mas ology/f
ip c mc lit) er tc.
mult MA), et nto
Pha U plane
s p
N u m
gn, e
(NO (C/ desi
To Beyond 4G Mobile
Communication and 5G
Pang-An, Ting
ICL / ITRI
September 2013
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院 1

Outline
 Perspective requirements in 2020
 Technologies in beyond 4G (B4G)
 Feasible technologies for 5G
 ITRI’s planning on 5G system

Outline

Progress of Telecommunication Era
--- My Viewpoints
Generations 5G
4G
3G
4G
Regard 3G as a +
platform of 3G • Growth
• Gbps
• Gossip + everywhere
• Globalization • Giga number
• Gaming • Radio of devices
bands
• Girls • Standard
Time
2000 2010 2020

Definition of Beyond 4G
3GPP activities LTE-Advanced (4G)
Source: “4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for
Mobile Broadband “ by Erik Dahlman etc.
LTE
B4G
Source : MTK
Rel-12

Perspective Requirements at 2020
Demand of mobile data traffic Spectrum supply and usage

Annual Traffic(ExaB)
Source：NSN, Cisco, (Oct 2012) Source：Rysavy Research (Oct 2012)

(xMbps to xGbps)
(x sec to x msec)


Three Dimensions for Capacity Improvement
Spectrum
Efficiency ×
Spectrum
Extension/
Utilization
× Network
Efficiency/
Density = 1000x
Capacity
Dimensions Feasible technologies

Spectrum • Interference management and traffic adaptation (IMTA)
efficiency • Multiple antennas (MIMO) / Massive MIMO / Smart antenna
• New Carrier Type (NCT)
• Carrier aggregation (CA)
Spectrum
• TV white space
extension
• Visible Light Communication (VLC)
• Cognitive Radio (CR)
• Small cell deployment (relay / backhaul)
• Efficient machine type communication (MTC)
Network
• Direct communication (D2D)
configuration
• Self-organizing network (SON)
& optimization
• Heterogeneous network (HetNet)
• Software-defined network (SDN)
Outline

LTE Release 12 and Beyond

LTE Release 12 and Beyond
2 bps/Hz 3 bps/Hz
 Bandwidth expansion 2.8 bps/Hz 12%* 7%*
 Signaling supporting up to 100
MHz from carrier aggregation 4x2 4x4 8x2 eMIMO CoMP
 Densification He
tNe
 HetNet interference t (4
LP
management DL avg. cell
no
des
)
2.3%
 Mobility management throughput eICIC CoMP
 Spectral efficiency 2.7%
 CoMP 10 bps/Hz
 MIMO 0.06 bps/Hz 0.09 bps/Hz
 More successful in fairness 0.07 bps/Hz

10%* 30%*
improvement than increasing
spectral efficiency 4x2 4x4 8x2 eMIMO CoMP
 Managed to bend the curves
Het
somewhat, but haven’t been
Net
able to shift the curves much
(4
4% 20%
DL cell edge user
LP n
throughput
ode
eICIC CoMP
s)
0.07 bps/Hz
* w.r.t. 4x2 SU-MIMO

12
Potential Technologies
Small Cell Enhancement

LTE-WiFi Integration

Outline

Two paths toward 5G : Revolution + Evolution
Evolution path Revolution path
(Network Architecture) (Radio Access)
Peak Rate
LTE-B,C LTE
enhanced OFDMA
Performance
Local Area Access

System
Mbps
Rel-12/13 onward UMTS
LTE-A WCDMA
Kbps
CA/eICIC/CoMP
LTE GSM
Rel-10/11
Pico/Femto
bps AMPS
Rel-8/9
Time
Time 1980 1990 2000 2010

Two paths toward 5G : Revolution + Evolution
Cloud RAN Evolution

Multi-RAT aggregation path
( License / unlicensed bands )
(Bandwidth
Carrier aggregation)
Aggregation
HetNet
Beam
Forming
with
3D mobility Revolution
Massive antenna
MIMO
path
MMWave (New Carrier
NCT Type)
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

CA of Alternative Spectra
 Current Layer 2 structure has good flexibility and
extensibility to aggregate 3GPP or non-3GPP families
of technologies.
 Not much impact on Layer 2 and upper layers
 Better resource management for both LTE and non-LTE
carriers
 Continue the success and bring in more spectra
Radio Bearers
Radio Bearers
ROHC ... ROHC ROHC ... ROHC
PDCP ...
ROHC ... ROHC ROHC ... ROHC
Security ... Security Security ... Security
PDCP ...
Security ... Security Security ... Security
Segm. Segm. Segm. Segm.

... ... ...
RLC ARQ etc ARQ etc ARQ etc ARQ etc
Segm. Segm. Segm. Segm. CCCH BCCH PCCH
... ... ...
RLC ARQ etc ARQ etc ARQ etc ARQ etc
CCCH BCCH PCCH Logical Channels
Logical Channels
Unicast Scheduling / Priority Handling
Unicast Scheduling / Priority Handling

Multiplexing UE1 ... Multiplexing UEn
MAC
MAC Multiplexing UE1 ... Multiplexing UEn
HARQ HARQ HARQ ... HARQ HARQ ... HARQ
Transport Channels Transport Channels
DL-SCH DL-SCH BCH PCH DL-SCH DL-SCH DL-SCH DL-SCH BCH PCH
on CC1 on CCx on CC1 on CCy
Layer 2 Structure for DL Layer 2 Structure for DL with CA

18
CA of Alternative Spectra
Candidates for Further Aggregation
 3GPP family Utilize all available means of
 LTE + HSPA, LTE FDD + TDD communication in a phone
 Non-3GPP based technologies
 Unlicensed bands
 Visible Light Communication (VLC) ideal for LTE CA
 Integration of WiFi happening in different
levels
IP layer at PDN Gateway outside of core network
ima
 ge s
ens
o
 IP layer at nodeB or other nodes inside core r
network
 Elevated TSG SA working groups activities
herald changes are coming
 RAN plays important role in 2nd level
integration
 CA of WiFi can be a third and tightest level of
integration
BW = 76 MHz BW = 50 MHz BW = 140 MHz BW = 90 MHz BW = 97 MHz BW = 530 MHz BW = 8.64 GHz
SMH WLAN WLAN Wireless Visible Light
Cellular PCS AWS
(TV bands) 802.11b/g/n 802.11a/n/ac Gigabit Communication
700 MHz 800 MHz 1900 MHz 2100 MHz 2.4 GHz 5 GHz 60 GHz 700 THz Frequency
US spectrum map
19
3D Beamforming and Massive MIMO

A Vision of Network Architecture beyond 4G

Ultr-Dense Network

Diverse Radio Access Technology Convergence

Network Intelligence

Device to Device Communication

Wireless Transport Network

Cloud Based Management & SON

Key Enablers

Outline

5G System Architecture (1/2)
Global Control Local Data
 Scenarios Salient Features
 5G New Carrier Type (NCT) Control plane is backward compatible to 4G access
• mmWave radio technology
• Live-demo at peak data rate 5G access acts as a new carrier component of 4G
higher than 1Gbps by end of 2014 5G fast data transmission under 4G signaling & control
• Coverage up to 2Km Wireless backhaul with low latency
 4G/5G multi-RAT / multi-mode Aggressive module and system designs regarding
Coexistence massive MIMO technologies
 Inter-BS wireless backhaul
4G LTE Carrier
5G New Carrier
4G eNB VLC Carrier
radio
backh
aul
5G eNB
ul
ha
VLC b
ck
ackha RRH
Activ
ba
RRH ul e
5G eNB Ante
d
nna
ire
Syste
W
Inter-eNB resource m
aggregation
...
W
ire
`
d
ba
ck
ha
Spatial
ul
modulation Massive
MIMO
D2D
VLC Cell
5G System Architecture (2/2)
Phase array design for multiple antennas
 Scenarios Salient Features
 mm-Wave link between BS High resolution phase array using
and UE for 1Gbps data rate modified BUTLER matrix system
 Coverage up to 2Km Laser Induced Metallization process
for high integrated and high gain UE
antenna
Beam-forming by massive MIMO with
beam acquisition & tracking
6-sector mm-Wave
Base Station
mm-Wave
UE module
Baseband Requirements
 Requirements for advanced 5G
access platform technology
 High sampling and data exchange
rate for large bandwidth
 High computing power capability
for high throughput signal
processing
 Support for massive MIMO and
hybrid beamforming
 Requirements for advanced 5G

baseband signal processing
technology
 High throughput modulator and
de-modulator and MIMO
detector
 High throughput channel codec
 3D hybrid beamforming and UE
beam tracking optimization
In-campus Prototyping and Deployment
UE BS  Scenarios  Salient Features

• Massive MIMO • Massive MIMO  mm-Wave link between BS  High resolution phase
• Laser Induced • 6-sector MMWave and UE array using modified
Metallization process BUTLER matrix system
 5G New Carrier Type (NCT)
for high integrated
 Laser Induced
and high gain UE • mmWave radio
antenna Metallization process
• Live-demo at peak data for high integrated and
rate higher than 1Gbps
• BW : scalable high gain UE antenna
bandwidth up to 1GHz • Coverage up to 2Km
 Beam-forming by
• MMWave link  Massive MIMO massive MIMO with
• Carrier freq. : 24 GHz  Inter-BS wireless backhaul beam acquisition &
tracking
Conclusion
 My viewpoint on 5G
 Driving Force as Bowstring
• Take GROWTH as a key word
• In terms of
– Capacity per area
箭
– Devices by IoT 弓 Revolution Path
 Evolution Path as Bow Evolution Path
• LTE/LTE-A supports infrastructure
• Horizontal/Vertical HetNet
 Revolution Path as Arrow
• Take NCT as a good opportunity
for 5G
弦
• Higher band radio such as
millimeter wave technology Driving Force
• Massive MIMO radio such as
phase array technology

Fast Moving Backhaul
ILGYU KIM
Mobile GiGa Transmission Research Section
Wireless Transmission Research Department
Communications Internet Research Laboratory
0
Ⅰ Introduction
Increase of mobile data traffic
bandwidth killer:
By Device Type portable and intellingent terminal
Terabytes per Month

Non-
smartphones
Smartphones = (=X 24)
Laptops
and Netbooks
Tablets
Home Gateways
= X 515
M2M
Other
=
Portable Devices
X 122
<Ref.> 2011.Feb., Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2010-2015
1
Ⅰ Introduction
Increase of data traffic at high speed transportation
Most consumers uses high speed wireless internet services at “Low” or
“high” mobility environments.
90% of traffic Big Bang comes from VoD and Cloud services
Seamless service is required for 6.9 billion (BUS), 2.2 Billion (Subway), 1 Billion
(train) users in Korea
Wireless Internet use
Freedom of two hands !
Low Medium High mobility

(above 100km/h )
2
Ⅰ Introduction
Property of existing cellular systems
Optimized for (low speed) pedestrian user
Velocity Range Performance Characterization
0~15 km/hr : Optimal
15~120 km/hr : High
120 ~ 350 km/hr : Functional
Existing cellular system

cannot meet user requirement
at high mobility !

(above 100km/h )
3
Ⅱ MHN
Project Goal
Same QoS is provided for high speed mobile users compared to
static/low-speed moving users
Provide very high data rate (Gbps level) for wireless backhaul
Target spectrum efficiency is 4 bps/Hz @ 400 km/hr
MHN : Mobile Hotspot Network

(above 100km/h )
4
Ⅱ MHN
Project overview
Development of a next generation mobile wireless backhaul system to
provide gigabit mobile service to users on a high-speed transportation
By using mmWave (SHF/EHF) SHF : Super-High Frequency EHF : Extremely-High Frequency
(3 GHz – 30 GHz) (30 GHz – 300 GHz)
Mobile Hot spot Network

User Equipment
Smallcell 3G/4G Public

mTE Network Internet
WiFi
Femto
4G & MHN Service
mRU MHN Server
mTE
MHN mTE
Transport
Network
mDU
mGW mGW
* mGW: mobile gateway, mDU: mobile node-B digital unit, mRU: mobile node-B RF unit, mTE: mobile terminal equipment
5
Ⅱ MHN
High-speed train usage case (Railways)
SHF : Super-High Frequency
• mTE Device on the roof of the carriage top (3 GHz – 30 GHz)
• Inside : WiFi or Femto EHF : Extremely-High Frequency
(30 GHz – 300 GHz)
MME HSS
PCRF
eNB SGW Public Internet eNB
PGW
Cellular Cellular mDU
mGW
mDU
mRU mRU
mRU mRU
SHF/EHF
mTE mTE
WiFi/Femto
WiFi/Femto WiFi/Femto
6
Ⅱ MHN
High-speed bus/car usage case (Highways)
• mTE Device on top of the bus

• Inside : WiFi or Femto
MME HSS
PCRF
eNB SGW Public Internet eNB
PGW
Cellular Cellular mDU
mGW
mDU
mRU mRU
mRU mRU
SHF/EHF
mTE mTE mTE
WiFi/Femto WiFi/Femto WiFi/Femto
7
Ⅱ MHN
Challenging development items
Radio transmission technology optimized for wideband mmWave
spectrum
Technology to overcome high Doppler effect
 Efficient AFC algorithm both on downlink and uplink
Technology to overcome high path loss of mmWave
 Fixed or Adaptive beamforming
 DAS-MIMO
Efficient handover protocol at high speed (@400 km/hr)
 No drop time, No data loss
mRU wireless backhaul
mTE
DAS : Distributed Antenna System

AFC : Automatic Frequency Control
8
Ⅱ MHN
Radio transmission bandwidth
Considering both of available frequency resources and technical

issue
 Basic : 125 MHz
 carrier aggregation
125 MHz Frequency
9
Ⅱ MHN
OFDM Symbols
Considered 400 km/h speed at 27 GHz carrier center frequency

Considered delay spread for 1 km cell radius
 Subcarrier spacing 180 kHz and 1/8 CP
1 slot = 40 OFDM symbols = 250 us

CP
CP
CP
CP
6.25 us 5.56 us
0.69 us
10
10
Ⅱ MHN
Multiple Access
OFDM based structure for both downlink and uplink
 Spectral efficiency of 4 bps/Hz can be achieved at 400 km/h speed
• Fast moving mTE can be served 2 Gbps services over 500 MHz full bandwidth
 Multiple mTE can share the frequency time resources
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
12
11
10
50 RB (108 MHz)
1
slot
11
11
Ⅱ MHN
AFC is important
 Doppler shift impairment  UL performance degradation

fo
UE AFC
feNB-TX fUE-RX feNB-RX
fo
fUE-TX feNB-RX
2fo
eNB
12
Ⅱ MHN
Candidate frequencies
Frequency Usage in Korea
13
Ⅱ MHN
Beamforming
Coverage (Highway case)
 Cell radius (distance between mRUs) : 1 Km
z(높이)
y(도로폭)
x(거리)
40m
1000m
Antenna beam pattern to cover service area

(Elevation/Azimuth)
14
14
Ⅱ MHN
DAS-MIMO/Multi-flow
Multi-flow based on DAS-MIMO structure
mGW
Optical fiber
mDU #0 mDU #1
X2 interface
mRU #0 mRU #1 mRU #2 mRU #3 mRU #4 mRU #5
mTE
15
Ⅱ MHN
Two types of HO
mGW
Intra-site mRU1
mDU1
Multi-flow mRU2
mDU2
X2
Inter-site
Multi-flow
mDU3 X2
mTE
RU9
16
Ⅱ MHN
HO with multi-flow
17
III Future Plans
Project outline
Phase 1
- Derivation of core technologies
- Development of wireless access technologies
- Prototype development
 1st year : Core technology development / Simulation verification
 2nd year : FPGA level 625Mbps verification / Indoor demonstration
 3rd year : FPGA level 1.25Gbps verification / Outdoor demonstration
Phase 2
- Technology advancement
- ASIC level 2.5 Gbps verification
- Commercialization
18
Thank you
19
Technology for
the Networked
Society
Dongjoo Park (dongjoo.park@ericssonlg.com)

September 4, 2013
The starting point
- 22 years ago
GSM
Linus Torvalds
Tim Berners-Lee
Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 2

Result and a new
starting point
2 B. 6 B. 80%
Internet Mobile Population

users subscriptions coverage
8 T. 35 B. 1,4 B.
Sms sent Application Social media

2011 downloads users

INFLECTION POINTS
DRIVING OUR BUSINESS
THINGS 50 billion
Digital society
Sustainable world
Personal
mobile
Inflection
points PEOPLE 5 billion
Global
connectivity
PLACES 1 billion
1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 2025

Source: Ericsson

Mobile traffic, voice and data
M2M traffic to be
added on top
Subscriber traffic in mobile access networks
5 000
Monthy Petabytes (1015)
4 000
3 000
Mobile PC &
Tablets
2 000
Mobile handheld
1 000
Voice
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Source: Internal Ericsson

DVB-H, Mobile WiMax, M2M and WiFi traffic not included
This slide contains forward looking statements

Moving to the
Networked Society
By 2020, everything that

benefits from a network
connection will be
connected. Foundation is
Mobility, Broadband and Cloud

Technologies for The
Networked Society
+ +
Broadband
Cloud
Mobility
Service Awareness
Network and Services Exposure
Services Evolution
Network Enabled Cloud
Capacity, Cost & Flexibility
Evolution of LTE
› Enhanced performance and extended capabilities

– Higher capacity, higher end-user data rates, improved energy
efficiency, …
› New use cases

– Local-area deployments, machine communication, NSPS, …
Improved
Higher capacity energy efficiency
Mobile Higher data rates
Local-area
Broadband
enhancements New applications
Rel-8 Rel-9 Rel-10 Rel-11 Rel-12 Rel-13 Rel-14
LTE LTE-A

5G Wireless access
1990 2000 2010 2020
5G GSM
= Wi-Fi
evolution of 3G
existing standards
4G
+ New wireless technolo
complementary 5G
new technologies

Future Wireless access
Key challenges
Massive growth in Massive growth in Wide range of
Traffic Volume Connected Devices Requirements &
Characteristics
• Data rates
• Latency
• Reliability
• Device energy
consumption
• Device cost
• .....
“1000x and beyond” “50 billion devices”
Affordable and sustainable

Future (“5G”) radio access
A set of integrated radio-access technologies
jointly enabling the long-term Networked Society
Multi-hop
communication
Device-to-device
communication and Ultra-dense deployments
cooperative devices
Ultra-reliable
communication Inter-vehicular / vehicular-to-road
communication
Massive machine
communication

METIS: Fact Sheet
› An Integrated Project under EU Framework Programme 7
› Budget: 27 M€
› Project Length: 30 months (from 2012-11-01 to 2015-04-30)
› Resource: ~ 80 persons working full time
› Contact & Information:

www.metis2020.com
facebook.com/metis2020
twitter.com/metis2020

METIS: Objectives
Lay the foundation & Ensure a global forum & Build an early global
consensus for beyond 2020 “5G”mobile & wireless communications
Beyon
Exploring new paradigms, Optimisation / Implementation d
fundamentals, system Standardisation 2020
concepts system
Further developments on fundamentals
2012 2015 2018 2020
WRC’12 WRC’15 WRC’18

METIS Structure
WP6 System Design and Performance
› Work Packages:
Feedback
– WP1 (DoCoMo)
Solutions
WP7 Dissemination, Standardization and Regulation

Testbed
Testbed
– WP2 (Huawei)
– WP3 (Alcatel-
antenna Transmissions
Lucent)
WP3 Multi-node/Multi-
/Multi-layer Networks
– WP4 (NSN)
WP2 Radio Link
WP4 Multi-RAT
WP5 Spectrum
– WP5 (Nokia)
Concepts
– WP6 (Ericsson)
WP8 Project Management
– WP7 (Ericsson)
– WP8 (Ericsson)
Propagation
Scenarios,
Testbed
Testbed
WP1 Scenarios, Requirements & KPIs KPIs

Concluding remarks
› 5G system will meet our long-term vision of unlimited
access to information and sharing of data available
anywhere and anytime to anyone and anything
› Technology coordination for a combination of integrated

RATs, including evolved versions of LTE and HSPA, as well
as specialized RATs for specific use cases

www.huawei.com
The Unlicensed Spectrum Usage for Future IMT

Technologies
Efficient LTE technologies enables better performance and experience
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Content
WHY - Plentiful Resources but low Efficiency
WHAT – LTE on unlicensed spectrum
How – Key Tech. and Industry Development
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 2

Plentiful Unlicensed spectrum assigned – Not Ignore !!
Others:
Frequency Range
Band
(MHz)
ISM 24000-24250
ISM 61000-61500
Unlicensed PCS 2390-2400
 Currently, the amount unlicensed spectrum assigned > the amount of licensed spectrum
 In the near future, more unlicensed spectrum are planned to be allocated
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 华为保密信息，未经授权禁止扩散 Page 3

A Popular technology on unlicensed spectrum: WiFi vs. LTE
Coverage comparison Peak rate comparison
 TD-LTE 5.9GHz 20dBm(38m)  TD-LTE capacity is 1.09Gbps@80MHz,4X4MIMO

Low Low
 WIFI 5.9GHz 20dBm(28m)  WiFi capacity is 0.75Gbps@80MHz,4X4MIMO
Protocol design Overhead

Low Efficiency
LTE Pros. : than LTE
 Higher efficient scheduling mechanism
 Better QoS insurance
 Uniform OAM& SON Simple
but limited
 Better Security DL resource efficiency
WiFi ： 52.4% to 4.8%
 Mobility and service continuity 
 TD-LTE：61.2% to 38.1% WiFi：40.4%, 68.1%


High
 Better power saving  TD-LTE：30.9%, 33.3%.
Low Efficiency  Unlicensed Spectrum is not fully used & Deployment is limited

Content
WHY- Plentiful Resources but low Efficiency
WHAT – LTE on unlicensed spectrum

LTE on unlicensed spectrum - High Efficiency & Capacity complement
 As a good complement for LTE

capacity, LTE on unlicensed
 The natural advantages of
spectrum can provide a better
LTE can improve the usage of
aggregating solution
unlicensed spectrum
• Unlicensed secondary carriers: as
• Higher coverage capacity/offload layers
Capacity
• Higher peak rate Control and management based on
Lower overhead
Complement •
• licensed primary carrier

• Higher Tx efficiency • Inherit most of the merits of LTE:
manageable/security/control/etc.
High
• Make it easy to adapt LTE into fully
Efficiency unlicensed utilization
Here, LTE on unlicensed spectrum is named to “U-LTE”

Focuses on the Prioritized scenarios: Operator and Enterprise
Main Application Scenarios for Unlicensed Spectrum
Resident Public Local

personal Operators Enterprise
Solutions to be applied:
Carrier WiFi LTE-Hi As secondary CR

WiFi self-evolution @unlicensed system
@unlicensed
As an integrated part of LTE licensed network,

U-LTE is used in scenarios deployed by operators and enterprises.
Content
WHY- Plentiful Resources but low Efficiency
WHAT- LTE on unlicensed spectrum

U-LTE: Basic Principles
What to be inherited from the LTE merits
 Basic architecture: centralized scheduler & coordination between nodes
 Basic system BW, multiple access techniques (OFDMA on DL, SC-FDMA on UL)
 Basic numerology
 Basic mobility, security, QoS, etc.
Fit unlicensed: Self-Protection Fit unlicensed: Fairness
 Guarantee its quality of communication Guarantee the spectrum usage by the other
• coexists with the other unlicensed systems, unlicensed systems as fair as possible
such as WiFi, Bluetooth,
• multiple nodes or devices of coexist
closely without planning.

U-LTE: Three Use cases
Type 1: Pico with co-located Licensed & unlicensed
CA
Type 2: Macro with co-located or inter-site (with RRH) Type 3: Macro with co-located Licensed & unlicensed
Licensed & unlicensed CA CA
unlicensed spectrum has smaller range than licensed spectrum unlicensed spectrum has similar range with good Beamforming
Note: The node transmission power is based on regulation requirements of Co-existence and Radiation safety

U-LTE: An integrated part of LTE licensed network
1. Secondary Carrier design 2. Co-existence

• Option 1: DL only • 2.1 Inter-operator
unlicensed carrier (FDD interference
Pcell or TDD Pcell ) Feasibility
• 2.2 Inter-RAT system:
&
• Option 2: DL+UL Mainly WiFi
unlicensed carrier (FDD Efficiency
Pcell or TDD Pcell
Better Experience
• Implement the LTE valuable features
(Mobility, QoS, security, …) through Pcell
• Explore the wide band resources on
unlicensed spectrum
• It is beneficial to be compatible with the
Note: Pcell is Primary Cell design of residential scenarios

Key point-1: Unlicensed Secondary carriers Design
 Option 1: DL only unlicensed carrier (FDD Pcell or TDD Pcell )
 Option 2: DL+UL unlicensed carrier (FDD Pcell or TDD Pcell)
 If the QoS can be guaranteed, it is inclined to occupy unlicensed spectrum first.

Key Point-2.1: Inter operator interference
 Each operator has the equal right to access the unlicensed spectrum but without
coordinated geographical isolation among different eNodeBs.
 Principal: Sensing or coordinating before using

 It is beneficial to coordinate the occupying and releasing spectrum among different
operators
 Solution: Over-the air seems the only feasible way for coordination
 X2 or wired line are not available between different operators
 Static agreement can not be flexible

Key Point-2.2: Principal on Coexistence with WiFi
 Capacity Analysis :
 When the load become higher, the throughput of standalone WiFi decreases while the throughput of standalone
LTE still increases due to the different scheduling mechanisms.
140
121
120 113
Cell edge UPT (Mbps)

Http download (Mbps)
97
100
TD-LTE
DL
80 73 WiFi DL
63
60 51
45.8 46.1
40
20
0
1 UE 2 UEs 3 UEs 4 UEs
 Besides the difference of scheduling mechanisms, due to HARQ, link adaptation based on receivers’ SINR, and
periodic transmission of common channels in LTE, it is deduced that if LTE directly coexists with WiFi on the
same unlicensed carrier, LTE will finally kick WiFi off when load is high.

Key Point-2.2: Suggestions on Coexistence with WiFi
Friendly
relations Protocol Changes
Less
LTE directly on unlicensed

No change to current standard
spectrum
LTE on unlicensed spectrum

with resource releasing after Adaptive Cell on/off; Channel
Hopping; Time muting;
satisfy its own requirements
Sensing and conflict resolution; Resource

LTE on unlicensed spectrum coordination ; Flexible common channels; Fine
with voluntary sacrifice time domain scheduling; Loose relationship
between consequent transmissions, etc.
More
Industry Development: Business + Standardization + Chaining
LTE on unlicensed spectrum (U-LTE)
Build a Healthy Industry

ecosystem for U-LTE
Standardization: Chaining:
Business:  Focus on 3GPP  Cooperation with
 Cooperation with  Scope: operators, infrastructure,

operators • RAN technologies chipset, terminal vendors
 Make an available changes based on LTE etc.
Business Model • RF coexistence study  Drive a mature industry
 Timeline: Rel-13 chaining for U-LTE

Summary
Scenarios Technologies Industry
 Scenarios deployed by  Aggregating unlicensed spectrum as  Make an available business

operators and enterprises are the secondary component carriers with model with operators
prioritized the licensed carriers  Standardization on RAN and
It is beneficial to be  Both Self-Protection and Fairness
 RF technologies in 3GPP
compatible with the design of should be guaranteed  Drive a mature industry with
residential scenarios  LTE can provide configurable
operators, infrastructure,
different level of fairness
chipset, terminal vendors etc.
 Inter operator coexistence should be
handled
 Explore the wide band resources on
unlicensed spectrum
LTE on unlicensed Spectrum (U-LTE)

Thank you !

Migration From 4G To 5G PDF

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Migration From 4G To 5G PDF

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Migration from 4G to 5G

But people call LTE IMT-2000ed IMT-

a large change from

What will be 5G then ?

If there is a technology called 5G, it

Very high flexibility, although many

NTT docomo 20 30 *1 30 *2 40 40 160

Railway A Railway B Taxi Electricity

New Service New Service

New Service time

Band 17: AT&T:LTE

• A new band is allocated for broadband public safety in

・On emergency, communication tool is very important

Expand the coverage of non-damaged base station

 Over 5 billions of download

Mobile data traffic is doubled

• C5G Project Objectives

4G LTE LTE-A LTE-B LTE-C

3G UMTS HDPA HSPA+ UMTS-A

2G GSM GPRS EDGE EDGE+ Evolution

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Average frequency efficiency

• Inter-cell Interference increases

Network capacity does not improve

AP1 AP2 • APs(antennas only) connect Computing

Source: China FuTURE Project

Network density improves system capacity of 60

 Separating the Coverage of C-Plane and D-Plane

C-Plane GSM 900MHz

Number of mobiles per antenna

Source: IEEE Communication Magazine, 2003

 Radio processing is Cooperative

 Computation Units is real-time Cloud

 Systems is Clear (Green ), energy saving systems

BBU Pool BBU Pool BBU Pool

RRU RRU RRU

 High Quality Network

 High Performance Computing Units

 Networking technologies play an

Current network Future network

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved. 1

Multiple personal Transportation Video streaming New types of

Interaction across Entertainment, Navigation 4K/8K video resolutions

Smart power grid

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved. 2

• 500 -1000 x capacity/km2 • 10-100 x higher user data rates

• 100 x more connected devices • Very small/light BS with energy saving

Future Radio Access (FRA) will provide a total solution

small cell enhancement Rel-14/15,…

• New RAT should support all scenarios supported by LTE or not?

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved. 5

Efficient use of higher spectrum bands

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved. 6

FRA technical concept

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved. 9

• Contention based UL access for:

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved. 13

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved. 14

Occupied bandwidth 400 MHz

No. of active subcarriers pilot: 32, data: 2000

Measurement course (Ishigaki Island, Japan)

MS with 8 transmit antennas

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved. 15

NTT docomo 20 30 1 30 2 40 40 160