Midterm mechanical 2012

1-a)

b)
c)
The flow enters with a very high pressure to the nozzle which increases
its velocity and decreases its pressure and then the energy decreases
which make another fluid enters because of the suction pressure and
mix together to reach the diffuser which the pressure increases and the
velocity decreases.

2-a)
1. Valve unloaders
2. Clearance pockets
3. External bypassing

b)
1. They impart Energy to the Gas being compressed by way of an
input shaft moving Rotating Elements.
2. They perform Compression in an Intermittent Mode.
3. They do not use Inlet and Discharge Valves.
4. Lighter in weight than reciprocating compressors.
5. Doesn’t exhibit the shaking force of the reciprocating
compressors.
6. Foundation requirements less rigorous.
7. Simple in construction.
c)
surge
Back-flow which occurs at very low flow
rate and high pressure which results in
pulsation may cause noise, vibration, and
high discharge temperature.
And to avoid it we must make anti-surge
control which has flow rate limit at higher
flow rate than the surge happens.
Choke
Happens at very high
velocity (high Q) which the
flow velocity higher than
the impeller, so the flow
velocity at high mach
number begins when the
flow has the sonic speed.
 midterm 2008

1-a)

b)
c)
When the energy transfer arranged to provide 50% of the Pressure rise
in the rotating row and the other 50% in the Stationary Row.

2-a)
1. Valve unloaders
2. Clearance pockets
3. External bypassing

b)
1- ratios of compressions are running high
2- valves are broken , worn , or seating improperly
3- cylinder cooling is inadequate
4-piston rings are worn or damaged , allowing excessive slip
5- cylinder walls are out of round , scored or worn
6- cylinder lubrication is inadequate

c)
1. They impart Energy to the Gas being compressed by way of an
input shaft moving Rotating Elements.
2. They perform Compression in an Intermittent Mode.
3. They do not use Inlet and Discharge Valves.
4. Lighter in weight than reciprocating compressors.
5. Doesn’t exhibit the shaking force of the reciprocating
compressors.
6. Foundation requirements less rigorous.
7. Simple in construction.
 Final 2008

a)

b)
c)
 Sliding vane
 Liquid piston
 Helical lobe
 Straight lobe

d)

The flow enters with a very high pressure to the nozzle which increases
its velocity and decreases its pressure and then the energy decreases
which make another fluid enters because of the suction pressure and
mix together to reach the diffuser which the pressure increases and the
velocity decreases.
a)

b)
SCFH :Standard cubic feet per hour
MMSCFD Million standard cubic feet per 24-hour day
(ICFM), ft3/min, or ft3/s (inlet cubic feet per minute)

c)
1. open-radial impeller
2. semi-open impeller, radial blade type
3. open inducer impeller
4. semi-open impeller, advanced inducer blades
5. closed impeller

d)
 Inlet-guide vanes
 Throttling of suction pressure
 Throttling of discharge pressure

Inlet guide vanes way is most efficient
a)
Advantages of centrifugal fans over axial fans:
 Easy to control
 Robust in construction
 Less noisy
 Wider operating range at their highest efficiencies

b)
What are the methods used to control the flow rate of
centrifugal or axial fans?
1. Varying the speed
2. Changing pressure conditions at the inlet and/or outlet with
dampers or with inlet guide vanes
3. Axial-flow fans may be controlled by varying the pitch of the
blades.

i) the most efficient: varying the speed

ii) Next best: inlet guide vanes
iii) Most common: inlet damper

c)
What are the various types of anti-surge control for fans
service:
i) Gases other than air: it may be necessary to bypass some of the gas
from discharge back to suction side to keep the flow above the minimum needed to
avoid surge. The gas must be cooled.
ii) Air: flow can be maintained above the surge point by damping air to the
atmosphere or by bleeding some air into the suction side
 First midterm electro

a)

b)

c)
1. Valve unloaders
2. Clearance pockets
3. External bypassing
d)
surge
Back-flow which occurs at very low flow
rate and high pressure which results in
pulsation may cause noise, vibration, and
high discharge temperature.
And to avoid it we must make anti-surge
control which has flow rate limit at higher
flow rate than the surge happens.
Choke
Happens at very high
velocity (high Q) which the
flow velocity higher than
the impeller, so the flow
velocity at high mach
number begins when the
flow has the sonic speed.
 Second midterm electro

a)
b)
 Final 2012 electro

a)
‫)‪b‬‬

‫راجع المحاضرة ‪ 7‬اللى فيها كل الرسومات دى عشان ممكن يطلب مننا رسمتين‬
‫تانيين‬
C)
1. Ratios of compression are running high
2. Valves are broken, worn, or seating improperly
3. Cylinder cooling is inadequate
4. Piston rings are worn or damaged, allowing excessive slip
5. Cylinder walls are out of round, scored, or worn
6. Cylinder lubrication is inadequate

d)
a)
1. They impart Energy to the Gas being compressed by way of an
input shaft moving Rotating Elements.
2. They perform Compression in an Intermittent Mode.
3. They do not use Inlet and Discharge Valves.
4. Lighter in weight than reciprocating compressors.
5. Doesn’t exhibit the shaking force of the reciprocating
compressors.
6. Foundation requirements less rigorous.
7. Simple in construction.

b)

 Moves parallel to the rotor axis and change the area of the
opening in the bottom of the rotor casing.
c)
1. tube axial
2. vane axial
3. radial
4. backward-inclined
5. airfoil

‫ الجراف اللى تحت عشان ممكن يطلب مننا مجال تانى و‬81 ‫راجع المحاضرة‬
‫نكتب األنواع المستخدمة برده‬

d)
1. Varying the speed (best method)
2. Changing pressure conditions at the inlet and/or outlet with
dampers or with inlet guide vanes
3. Axial-flow fans may be controlled by varying the pitch of the
blades.

‫راجع األسئلة اللى قبل و بعد الميدترم و حلول االمتحانات كويس‬

‫جدا‬