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Analysis of Flat Slab by MATLAB Coding

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 International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning
Vol. 1: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com

Analysis of Flat Slab by MATLAB Coding

S. P. Nirkhe*, D. N. Kakade
Department of Civil Engineering, Peoples Education Society’s College of Engineering, Aurangabad,
Maharashtra India

Abstract
A reinforced concrete slab supported by columns with, or without drop is called as flat slab.
The columns for flat slab provided with, or without column heads. Flat slab is a universal
structural component widely used in construction now-a-days. Flat slab requires minimum
depth as compared to other slab, hence saving in material cost, speedy construction and it
allows flexible column grids. MATLAB programming helps in high-performance numerical
computation and perceptions. It provides an interactive environment with hundreds of built-
in functions for technical computation, graphics, and animation. Best of all, it also provides
easy extensibility with its own high-level programming language. The aim of this study is to
analyze the flat slab in India followed by a review of design methods for flat slab structures
design with MATLAB Programming for the easy application for the design of flat slab and
creating MATLAB coding for the flat slab.

Keywords— ACI-318, flat slab, IS 456-2000, MATLAB.

*Corresponding Author
E-mail: saurabh.nirkhe@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION flat slabs in U. S. A. in 1906 mainly using

Reinforced concrete (RC) flat slab floors
lead to architecturally pleasing buildings
and bridges as well as simplifying and
accelerating site operations. They allow
easy and flexible partitioning of space and
reduce the overall height of tall buildings.
A part of the slab bounded on each of its
four sides by the center line of column is
called panel. The flat slab is often
thickened close to supporting columns to
provide adequate strength in shear and to
reduce the amount of negative
reinforcement in the support regions. The
local thickening of slab in the region of
column is called drop or drop panel.
Column head is a local enlargement of the
column at the junction with the slab, to
increase the capacity of the slab for
resisting two-way shear action and to
reduce negative bending moments at the
support. C. A. P. Turner [1] investigated the
spontaneous and fundamental ideas, which
was the start of this type of construction.
They have tested the maximum slabs for
its load carrying capacity in USA during
1910–20. Nicholas [2] has proposed a
simple static method of analysis regarding
flat slabs. This method is used commonly
for the design of flat slabs or flat plates
and is well known as the direct design
method. Practicing structural engineers
commonly use the equivalent frame
method with equivalent beams as
investigated by Deshpande. [3]
Objectives and Scope
In present work, a flat slab system is a
significant advancement in the building
technology. It has been observed that to
investigate the fragility of flat slab
reinforced concrete systems. The main
objective of the paper is to study method

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Analysis of Flat Slab by MATLAB Coding Nirkhe and Kakade

of analysis and design of flat slab by using
IS: 456-2000 and ACI-318-08 design
codes, with MATLAB Programming for
the easy application (language) for the
design of flat slab. Each code has specified
the fixed coefficients for lateral and
transverse distribution of moments as per
direct design method and equivalent frame
method. The paper aimed to check whether
those moments are remain the same when
we analyze the flat slab with use of
MATLAB.
SYSTEM METHODOLOGY
Flat slab may be analyzed and designed by
any method as long as they satisfy the
strength, stiffness and stability
requirements of the IS: 456-2000 and ACI-
318-08. A typical flat slab can be analyzed
by direct design method or equivalent
frame method as prescribed by the code.
However, if the flat slab is a typical one
with unusual geometry, with irregular
column spacing, or with big opening then
the designer can use finite element method
model analysis using various software.
The design of flat slabs irrespective of the
methodology used must first assume a
minimum slab and drop thickness and a
minimum column dimension to ensure
adequate stiffness of the system to control
deflection. The IS 456:2000 code is not
clear on these minimum conditions.
However ACI-318-08 specifies empirical
formulae to arrive at these minimums.
Critical reactions for the load
combinations are used for the design of the
supporting columns and foundations.
Example Formulation
Using IS 456-2000 [4] and using ACI 318
[5]
the distribution of moments across
panels for slab as shown in Tables 1 and 2
respectively. The unbalanced slab
moments at various supports are
transmitted to respective columns. This
unbalanced slab moment is shared by the
column above and below in proportion to
their relative stiffness. These moments are
transferred by punching shear and flexure
in the column. The punching shear
produces cracks at the critical section close
to the column faces. The shear stress is
calculated as explained in the respective
codes. The permissible shear stress is also
calculated same as explained in respective
codes. The shear reinforcement should be
provided if the actual shear stress found to
be greater than permissible shear stress.
For the simplicity and validation with
codes and MATLAB, we have considered
the following dimensions:
Size of internal panel (room size) - 6.6 X
5.6 (in m)
Live load considered – 7.5 kN/m2
Grade of concrete – M20
Grade of steel – Fe415
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The results are presented in Table 3 and
graphically illustrated in Figure 1.

Table 1: Distribution of Moments Across Panels for Slab Using IS 456-2000. [4]
Column strip moment % Middle strip moment %
Distributed moment
(0.65) (0.35)
1 Negative BM 0.49 0.16
2 Positive BM 0.21 0.14

Table 2: Distribution of Moments Across Panels for Slab Using ACI 318. [5]
Slab without beams Exterior edge fully
Slab with
Particulars Exterior edge between interior supports restrained
beams between
unrestrained With edge
all supports Without edge beams
beams
Interior Negative Moments 0.75 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.65
Positive Moments 0.63 0.57 0.52 0.50 0.35
Exterior Negative Moments 0 0.16 0.26 0.30 0.65

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 International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning
Vol. 1: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com

Table 3: Results of IS-456 and ACI-318.

Code IS – 456 [4] ACI – 318 [5]

Positive moment
96.60 125.83
(kNm)
Negative moment
225.40 292.09
(kNm)
Area of reinforcement (mm2) 2654 2274
Thickness of slab for serviceability criteria (mm) 140 185
Punching shear Safe Safe

Table 4: MATLAB Comparison.

Code IS – 456 [4] ACI – 318 [5]
Positive moment
98.54 125.45
(kNm)
Negative moment
229.92 291.22
(kNm)
Area of reinforcement (mm2) 2732 2253
Thickness of slab for serviceability criteria (mm) 138 183.3
Punching shear Safe Safe

3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500 IS – 456 [4]
0 ACI – 318 [5]

Fig. 1. Comparision between IS and ACI Code.

DISCUSSION 5. By comparing with IS and ACI code,

1. Bending moment: It is observed that, we concluded that ACI code is most
in case of IS 456 with MATLAB, it is effective in designing of flat slabs.
slightly greater than manual design,
but it is accurate one as compared to CONCLUSION
manual design. Using other codes the It is observed that, the time required for
values are on high side. manual design is much greater than in case
2. Quantity of reinforcement: Area of of MATLAB which gives the results in
reinforcement is in excellent micro seconds.
agreement with each other.
3. Thickness of slab: IS 456, using Further it will conclude that by getting all
MATLAB and ACI 318 give the results of various codes with
somewhat same thickness. MATLAB to find the best way for
4. Punching shear: It is safe in both practicing for analysis and design of flat
codes. slab.

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Analysis of Flat Slab by MATLAB Coding Nirkhe and Kakade

ANNEXURE-A
MATLAB Program for Evaluation of Problem and its solution
MATLAB programming for flat slab by IS 456:2000
clear
clc
size=input('Enter the size:');
LiveLoad=input('Enter the live load:');
GradeOfConcrete=input('Enter the Grade of Concrete(M):');
LongerLength=input('Enter the longer length(lx):');
ShoterLength=input('Enter the shoter length(ly):');
GradeOfSteel=input('Enter the Grade of Steel (fy):');
FactoredLoad=input('Enter the value of Factored Load(F.F):');
DensityOfConcrete=25
MinimumSize=0.25*ShoterLength
MaximumSize=0.25*LongerLength
SizeOfColumnHead=(MinimumSize+MaximumSize)/2
EquivalentSizeOfColumnHead=sqrt(0.785*SizeOfColumnHead^2)
SizeOfDrop=0.25*ShoterLength
fprintf('%f x %f',SizeOfDrop*2,SizeOfDrop*2);
DepthOfFlatSlab=LongerLength/26
Depth=DepthOfFlatSlab+0.025
SelfWeight=Depth*DensityOfConcrete
TotalLoad=SelfWeight+LiveLoad+FactoredLoad
UltimateLoad=1.5*TotalLoad
%Lnx1=0.65*LongerLength
%Lnx2=LongerLength-EquivalentSizeOfColumnHead

if (0.65*LongerLength) > (LongerLength-EquivalentSizeOfColumnHead)

Lnx=0.65*LongerLength
else
Lnx=LongerLength-EquivalentSizeOfColumnHead
end
DesignLoadInXdirection=UltimateLoad*(ShoterLength*Lnx)
BendingMomentInXdirection=(DesignLoadInXdirection*Lnx)/8
%Lny=0.65*ShoterLength
%Lny=ShoterLength-EquivalentSizeOfColumnHead
if (0.65*ShoterLength)>(ShoterLength-EquivalentSizeOfColumnHead)
Lny=0.65*ShoterLength
else Lny=ShoterLength-EquivalentSizeOfColumnHead
end
DesignLoadInYdirection=UltimateLoad*(LongerLength*Lny)
BendingMomentInYdirection=(DesignLoadInYdirection*Lny)/8
%Divisn Of panel
%In x Direction
WidthofCrossSectionX=0.25*ShoterLength
WidthOfMSX=ShoterLength-(2*WidthofCrossSectionX)
%In y Direction
WidthOfCrossSectionY=(0.25*ShoterLength)
WidthofMSY=LongerLength-(2*WidthOfCrossSectionY)
%Distribution Of Bending Moments

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 International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning
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Division=[BendingMomentInXdirection; BendingMomentInYdirection];
BendingMoment=[-0.49 -0.16 0.21 0.14];
Distribution=Division*BendingMoment
%Check for Depth
%For drop
DepthRequriedDrop=((sqrt((0.49*BendingMomentInXdirection*10^3)/(GradeOfConcrete*0.
138*WidthOfMSX)))/1000)+0.025
if DepthRequriedDrop<Depth
fprintf('Depth assumed is Safe');
else DepthRequriedDrop>Depth
fprintf('Depth assumed is not safe');
end
%for Slab
DepthOfRequriedSlabWithoutCP=(sqrt((0.21*BendingMomentInXdirection*10^3)/(GradeOf
Concrete*0.138*WidthOfMSX)))/1000
DepthRequriedSlab=((sqrt((0.21*BendingMomentInXdirection*10^3)/(GradeOfConcrete*0.
138*WidthOfMSX)))/1000)+0.025
if DepthRequriedSlab<Depth
fprintf('Depth assumed for slab is safe');
else DepthRequriedSlab>Depth
fprintf('Depth assumed for slab is not safe');
end
%Final Division table
%For X direction
DivnX=[WidthOfMSX DepthOfFlatSlab -Distribution(1,1); WidthOfMSX DepthOfFlatSlab
Distribution(1,3); WidthOfMSX DepthOfRequriedSlabWithoutCP -Distribution(1,2);
WidthOfMSX DepthOfRequriedSlabWithoutCP Distribution(1,4)]
%Area of steel for member of X direction
AreaOfSteel1X=(((0.5*GradeOfConcrete)/GradeOfSteel)*(1-sqrt(1-
(((4.6*DivnX(1,3))/(GradeOfConcrete*DivnX(1,1)*DivnX(1,2)^2))/1000)))*DivnX(1,1)*Di
vnX(1,2))
AreaOfSteel2X=(((0.5*GradeOfConcrete)/GradeOfSteel)*(1-sqrt(1-
(((4.6*DivnX(2,3))/(GradeOfConcrete*DivnX(2,1)*DivnX(2,2)^2))/1000)))*DivnX(2,1)*Di
vnX(2,2))
AreaOfSteel3X=(((0.5*GradeOfConcrete)/GradeOfSteel)*(1-sqrt(1-
(((4.6*DivnX(3,3))/(GradeOfConcrete*DivnX(3,1)*DivnX(3,2)^2))/1000)))*DivnX(3,1)*Di
vnX(3,2))
AreaOfSteel4X=(((0.5*GradeOfConcrete)/GradeOfSteel)*(1-sqrt(1-
(((4.6*DivnX(4,3))/(GradeOfConcrete*DivnX(4,1)*DivnX(4,2)^2))/1000)))*DivnX(4,1)*Di
vnX(4,2))

DivnX=[WidthOfMSX DepthOfFlatSlab -Distribution(1,1) AreaOfSteel1X; WidthOfMSX

DepthOfFlatSlab Distribution(1,3) AreaOfSteel2X; WidthOfMSX
DepthOfRequriedSlabWithoutCP -Distribution(1,2) AreaOfSteel3X; WidthOfMSX
DepthOfRequriedSlabWithoutCP Distribution(1,4) AreaOfSteel4X]
% Area of Steel Per meter for members in X direction
AreaOfSteel1perMeterX=(AreaOfSteel1X/WidthOfMSX)
AreaOfSteel2perMeterX=(AreaOfSteel2X/WidthOfMSX)

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Analysis of Flat Slab by MATLAB Coding Nirkhe and Kakade

AreaOfSteel3perMeterX=(AreaOfSteel3X/WidthOfMSX)
AreaOfSteel4perMeterX=(AreaOfSteel4X/WidthOfMSX)
AreaOfSteelperMeterForX=[AreaOfSteel1perMeterX; AreaOfSteel2perMeterX;
AreaOfSteel3perMeterX; AreaOfSteel4perMeterX]
%Display of Final Division Table
DivnX=[DivnX AreaOfSteelperMeterForX]
%For Y direction
DivnY=[WidthofMSY DepthOfFlatSlab -Distribution(2,1); WidthofMSY DepthOfFlatSlab
Distribution(2,3); WidthofMSY DepthOfRequriedSlabWithoutCP -Distribution(2,2);
WidthofMSY DepthOfRequriedSlabWithoutCP Distribution(2,4)]
%Area of steel for member of Y direction
AreaOfSteel1Y=(((0.5*GradeOfConcrete)/GradeOfSteel)*(1-sqrt(1-
(((4.6*DivnY(1,3))/(GradeOfConcrete*DivnY(1,1)*DivnY(1,2)^2))/1000)))*DivnY(1,1)*Di
vnY(1,2))
AreaOfSteel2Y=(((0.5*GradeOfConcrete)/GradeOfSteel)*(1-sqrt(1-
(((4.6*DivnY(2,3))/(GradeOfConcrete*DivnY(2,1)*DivnY(2,2)^2))/1000)))*DivnY(2,1)*Di
vnY(2,2))
AreaOfSteel3Y=(((0.5*GradeOfConcrete)/GradeOfSteel)*(1-sqrt(1-
(((4.6*DivnY(3,3))/(GradeOfConcrete*DivnY(3,1)*DivnY(3,2)^2))/1000)))*DivnY(3,1)*Di
vnY(3,2))
AreaOfSteel4Y=(((0.5*GradeOfConcrete)/GradeOfSteel)*(1-sqrt(1-
(((4.6*DivnY(4,3))/(GradeOfConcrete*DivnY(4,1)*DivnY(4,2)^2))/1000)))*DivnY(4,1)*Di
vnY(4,2))
DivnY=[WidthofMSY DepthOfFlatSlab -Distribution(2,1) AreaOfSteel1Y; WidthofMSY
DepthOfFlatSlab Distribution(2,3) AreaOfSteel2Y; WidthofMSY
DepthOfRequriedSlabWithoutCP -Distribution(2,2) AreaOfSteel3Y; WidthofMSY
DepthOfRequriedSlabWithoutCP Distribution(2,4) AreaOfSteel4Y]
% Area of Steel Per meter for members in Y direction
AreaOfSteel1perMeterY=(AreaOfSteel1Y/WidthofMSY)
AreaOfSteel2perMeterY=(AreaOfSteel2Y/WidthofMSY)
AreaOfSteel3perMeterY=(AreaOfSteel3Y/WidthofMSY)
AreaOfSteel4perMeterY=(AreaOfSteel3Y/WidthofMSY)
AreaOfSteelperMeterForY=[AreaOfSteel1perMeterY; AreaOfSteel2perMeterY;
AreaOfSteel3perMeterY; AreaOfSteel4perMeterY]
%Display of Final Division Table
DivnY=[DivnY AreaOfSteelperMeterForY]
% The Final Distribution Table in both directions
FinalDistributionTable=[DivnX; DivnY]
% Check for two way shear
% 1. Critical section at d/2 from drop
CriticalSection=WidthOfMSX+DepthOfRequriedSlabWithoutCP
Vu=UltimateLoad*((LongerLength*ShoterLength)-(CriticalSection^2))
Bo1=2*(CriticalSection+CriticalSection)
TauV1=(Vu)/(Bo1*DepthOfRequriedSlabWithoutCP*10^3)
TauC=0.25*sqrt(GradeOfConcrete)
Ks=1
B=1
PermissibleStress1=Ks*TauC
if TauV1<PermissibleStress1
fprintf('The Depth is Safely designed');

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 International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning
Vol. 1: Issue 2
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else TauV1>PermissibleStress1
fprintf('The Depth is not safely designed');
end

% 2. Critical section at d/2 from column head

DiameterOfCriticalSection=SizeOfColumnHead+DepthOfFlatSlab
%Maximum Shear force at critical section
AreaOfCriticalSection=3.14*(DiameterOfCriticalSection/2)^2
MaxShearForceatCriticalSection=UltimateLoad*((LongerLength*ShoterLength)-
AreaOfCriticalSection)
Bo2=(22/7)*DiameterOfCriticalSection
TauV2=(MaxShearForceatCriticalSection/(Bo2*DepthOfFlatSlab))/10^3
PermissibleStress2=Ks*TauC
if TauV2<PermissibleStress2
fprintf('The Design is SAFE');
else TauV2>PermissibleStress2
fprintf('The Design is not SAFE ');
end

REFERENCES Reinforced Concrete – Code of

1. Gasparini D. A., “Contributions of C. Practice”, Fourth Revision, 2000.
A. P. Turner to Development of 5. American Concrete Institute, “ACI
Reinforced Concrete Flat Slabs 1905- 318-08, Building Code Requirements
1909” J. of Structural Engineering for Structural Concrete and
2002; 128(10):1243–52p. Commentary”, 2008.
2. Patil S. S., Sigi R. A. “Flat Slab 6. Ramamrutham S., “Design of
Construction in India”, Int. J. of Reinforced Concrete Structures”,
Engineering and Innovative Dhanpat Rai Publishing Co. (P) Ltd.
Technology 2014;3(10):138–41p. 2010, 17th Edn,38094p.
3. Deshpande H., Joshi R., Bangar P. 7. Pratap R., “Getting Started with
“Design Considerations for Reinforced MATLAB, A Quick Introduction for
Concrete Flat Slab Floor System”, Scientists and Engineers”, 1st Edn,
2014; 5(12)59–62p. Oxford University Press, 2010.
4. Bureau of Indian Standards, New
Delhi, “IS 456-2000, Plain and

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