Convention Establishing the

World Intellectual Property Organization

(Signed at Stockholm on July 14, 1967 and
as amended on September 28, 1979)

(viii) “intellectual property” shall include the rights relating to:

- literary, artistic and scientific works,
- performances of performing artists, phonograms, and broadcasts,
- inventions in all fields of human endeavor,
- scientific discoveries,
- industrial designs,
- trademarks, service marks, and commercial names and designations,
- protection against unfair competition,
and all other rights resulting from intellectual activity in the industrial, scientific, literary or artistic fields.

THE TERM “INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY” CONSISTS OF (Sec. 4.1, IPC):

a) Copyright and related rights

b) Trademarks and Service Marks
c) Patents
d) Geographic indications
e) Layout Designs (Topographies) of Integrated Circuits
f) Protection of Undisclosed Information
g) Industrial Designs

Technology transfer arrangements- Refers to contracts or agreements involving transfer of systematic

knowledge for the manufacture of a product, application of a process, or rendering of a service including
management contracts; and transfer, assignment or licensing of all forms of intellectual property rights ,
including licensing of compute r software except computer software developed for mass market.

Copyright- right over literary and artistic works which are original intellectual creations in the literary and
artistic domain protected from the moment of creation.
Copyright protection shall extend to expressions and not to ideas, procedures, methods of operation or
mathematical concepts as such.
Whenever the term of protection of a work, other than a photographic work or a work of applied art, is
calculated on a basis other than the life of a natural person, such term shall be no less than 50 years from the
end of the calendar year of authorized publication, or, failing such authorized publication within 50 years from
the making of the work, 50 years from the end of the calendar year of making.

Trademark or service marks- any visible signs capable of distinguishing the goods (trademark) or services
(service mark) of an enterprise and shall include a stamped or marked container of goods.
Initial registration, and each renewal of registration, of a trademark shall be for a term of no less than seven
years. The registration of a trademark shall be renewable indefinitely

Trade name- Means the name or designation identifying or distinguishing an enterprise

Patent

- • Any technical solution of a problem in a field of human activity;

• Which is new (novelty);
• Which involves an Inventive step; and
• Which is industrially applicable.
 It may be, or may relate to, a product, or process, or an improvement of any of the foregoing.

The term of protection available shall not end before the expiration of a period of twenty years
counted from the filing date.1

Geographical indications- Indications which identify a good as originating in the territory, or a region or
locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristics of the good is essentially
attributable to its geographical origin.

Protection of Undisclosed Information

- natural and legal persons shall have the possibility of preventing information lawfully within their
control from being disclosed to, acquired by, or used by others without their consent in a manner
contrary to honest commercial practices (i.e., breach of contract, breach of confidence, fraudulent
inducement, etc.) so long as the information:

1) is secret in the sense that it is not, as a body or in the precise configuration and assembly of its
components, generally known among or readily accessible to persons within the circles that
normally deal with the kind of information in question:
2) Has commercial value because it is secret; and
3) Has been subject to reasonable steps under the circumstances, by the person lawfully in control
of the information, to keep it secret.

Utility model- Models of implement or tools of any industrial product even if not possessed of the quality of
invention but which is of “practical utility.”

Industrial design- Any composition of lines or colors or any three-dimensional form, whether or not associated
with lines or colors.
The duration of protection available shall amount to at least 10 years.

1
It is understood that those Members which do not have a system of original grant may provide that the
term of protection shall be computed from the filing date in the system of original grant.