10.120.75.10/14 10.112.0.

0
10.120.0.0
10.121.55.10/18

10.121.100.50/12 10.121.0.0

10.121.128.0
10.121.221.30/17

10.125.20.101/18 10.125.0.0
10.125.64.0
10.125.80.150

10.121.100.50/12

10.120.75.10/14
10.121.55.10/18
10.121.221.30/17
10.125.20.101/18
10.125.80.150
 Check the IP routing table Step 1

Check the outbound access list Step 2

Check the inbound access list Step 3

Inspect CBAC Step 4
Translate inside local to outside
global Step 5

Check the policy routing Step 6

Check the inbound access list

Check the policy routing

Check the IP routing table

Translate inside local to outside global
Check the outbound access list

Inspect CBAC
 Forms a half-mesh topology through peers Multicast
configured with the “unicast-listen” keyword
The default EIGRP peering method
OTP point-to-point

use the “neighbor” statement on a non-passive OTP route-reflector

interface with default options.
Unicast
use the “remote” keyword in the neighbor
statement to from peerings

The default EIGRP peering method

use the “remote” keyword in the neighbor

statement to from peerings

Forms a half-mesh topology through peers

configured with the “unicast-listen” keyword

use the “neighbor” statement on a non-passive

interface with default options.
 Peer session templates Applies configuration commands to a group of neighbors in all address families
Separates updates from configurations which allows groups to belong to different
Peer policy templates address families
Supports the configuration of a broup of neighbors by defining a prefix range
Peer groups instead of a single neighbor address
Applies configuration commands to a group of neighbors within specific
BGP dynamic update peer-groups
address families

BGP dynamic neighbors Creates a group of neighbors in the same address family that share the
same outbound routing policies

Peer session templates

BGP dynamic update peer-groups

BGP dynamic neighbors

Peer policy templates

Peer groups
 6RD tunnel It carries IPv6-only traffic between fixed endpoints
It treats the entire site as a single IPv6 network operated over and NBMA link
6to4 tunnel
It carries multiple types of tunneled traffic
GRE tunnel
It carries IPv6 traffic to sites using the 2002::/16 prefix
ISATAP tunnel It carries IPv6 traffic to sites using a Service Provider’s IPv4-derived IPv6 prefix
Static ipv6ip tunnel

Static ipv6ip tunnel

ISATAP tunnel
GRE tunnel
6to4 tunnel

6RD tunnel
 DIS ABR
Designated router
Level 1

Level 1-2 Internal backbone

Totally Stubby internal nonbackbone

Level 2

Level 1-2

DIS

Level 2

Level 1
BGP Has low resource usage and can be configured to send either unicast or multicast
updates

IS-IS Had high resource usage and requires the administrator to modify routing behavior to
limit the information that is sent to non-backbone levels

OSPF Has high resource usage and supports a proprietary Cisco option to perform primary
route calculation
Has high resource usage and uses TVL to incorporate features
RIPv2

RIPv2

OSPF

BGP

IS-IS
 label Instruct the router to keep the label when forwarding

Implicit-null Groups IP packets so that they are given the same

forwarding treatment
Explicit-null Identifies the group to which an IP packet belongs

Instructs the penultimate router to pop the label

Penultimate hop pepping before

FEC Identifies a layer 2 MPLS connection from one device to

Pops and MPLS Label off one hop before its final
Virtual circuit destination

Explicit-null
FEC
label
Implicit-null
Virtual circuit
Penultimate hop pepping
 Best Effort A locally-defined traffic class with high preference that is marked with
DSCP AF31
Bulk Data
Drop-insensitive traffic such as email and FTP that is marked with
DSCP AF11
Mission Critical Data
The default class for data traffic without other treatment defined that
is marked with COS 0
Scavenger
Traffic from client-server and interactive applications that is marked
Transactional Data with DSCP AF21
Traffic marked with DSCP CS1 and provided less-than-BEST-Effort
services

Mission Critical Data

Bulk Data

Best Effort

Transactional Data

Scavenger
HDLC
A Cisco proprietary protocol
Provides the default encapsulation packets on serial interfaces

Supports only synchronous interfaces

Uses SLARP to maintain link keepalives

PPP
An open standard
Supports authentication
Uses a magic number to identify loopbacks
Uses LCP to verify ink quaity
Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40
Point – to - Point
Broadcast

None
Loopback

Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40

Point – to –Multipoint Nonbroadcast

Point-to-Multipoint
Nonbroadcast
IGMPv1
Operates without leave group messages
Uses a 60 second default query interval

IGMPv2
Allows he maximum response time to be configured in seconds
Sends leave group messages o 224.0.0.2

IGMPv2
Eliminates the need for an RP.
Introduces SSM support
Stateless NAT 64
Performs 1:1 translation
Requires IPv6 address assignments that can be translated to IPv4
Provides end-to-end address transparency
Wastes IPv4 addresses

Stateful NAT 64
Conserves IPv4 addresses
Creates a unique binding for every translation
Perfroms 1:N translation
Supports all modes of IPv6 address assignment