SIMULATION BASED MINOR PROJECT ON

SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING

FIELD RESISTANCE CONTROL

PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT

OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Submitted By

SHRI KRISHNA SARASWAT(1414321094)

SHALINI GUPTA (1414321089 )
WAQAS NAEEM (1414321114)

Under the Guidance of

Mr. Pankaj Negi Mr. Sudhir Kumar Singh

Asst. ProfessorAsst. Professor

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

IMS ENGINEERING COLLEGE

NH-24, ADHYATMIK NAGAR, DASNA, GHAZIABAD

 DECLARATION 
 

 
 
 
We hereby declare that this submission is our own work and that, to
the best of our knowledge and belief, it contains no material
previously published or written by another person nor material
which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or
diploma of any university or any institute of higher learning, except
where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Place: IMS ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Date: ___​th​ December 2016

SHRI KRISHNA SARASWAT(1414321094)

SHALINI GUPTA(1414321089)
WAQAS NAEEM(1414321114)

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
CERTIFICATE 

This is to certify that the minor project entitled, ​“​SPEED CONTROL OF DC

MOTOR​”​submitted by​SHRI KRISHNA SARASWAT
(1414321094),SHALINI GUPTA(1414321089 ),WAQAS NAEEM
(1414321114) ​in partial fulfilment of the requirementsfor the award of
Bachelor of Technology Degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering
submitted to ​‘​IMS ENGINEERING COLLEGE’​is an authentic work carried
out by them undermy supervision and guidance.

Mr. Pankaj Negi Dr. Rishi Asthana

PROJECT GUIDE HOD

Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Dept. of Electrical & Electronics
IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad

 
 
 
 ACKNOWNLEDGEMENT 

We would like to articulate our deep gratitude to our project guide

Prof. Pankaj Negi, ​who has always been our motivation for carrying out the
project. His constantinspiration and effort made this project work a great
success. We are thankful to him for his contributions in completing this project
work. An assemblage of this nature could never have been attempted without
reference to and inspiration from the works of others whose details are
mentioned in reference section. We acknowledge our indebtedness to all of
them. Last but not the least we would like to thank our parents and the
Almighty.

SHRI KRISHNA SARASWAT(1414321094)

SHALINI GUPTA (1414321089)
WAQAS NAEEM (1414321114)

 
Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

IMS Engineering College

  

ABSTRACT 
 
 

Field Resistance Control of DC Shunt Motor​:

In this method, speed variation is accomplished by means of a variable

resistance inserted in series with the shunt field. An increase in controlling
resistances reduces the field current with a reduction in flux and an increase in
speed. This method of speed control is independent of load on the motor. Power
wasted in controlling resistance is very less as field current is a small value.
This method of speed control is also used in DC compound motor.
  

LIST OF SYMBOLS 

R​a Armature Resistance

L​f Field Inductance

R​f Field Resistance

P Rated Power

V​t Rated Terminal Voltage

V​f Rated Field Voltage

ω​r Rated Rotor Speed

L​a Armature Inductance

L​af Field-Armature Mutual Inductance

T​f Coulomb Friction Torque

 LIST OF FIGURES 
 

 
 
 
1. Block Diagram of FieldRheostat control of dc motor

2. Circuit diagram of FieldRheostat control of dc motor

3. Command Window of Mat lab

4. Simulink Model of FieldRheostat control of dc motor

5. Torque-speed characteristics for two different field

resistances Graph

6. D.C Voltage Vs Time Graph

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 
PageNo.
 Declaration 2
Certificate 3
Acknowledgement 4
Abstract 5
List of Symbols & Abbreviations 6
List of Figures7

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION​9
1.1Introduction
1.2Block Diagram
1.3Circuit Diagram
1.4 Working Principle

CHAPTER 2: MODELLING & SIMULATION​ 12

3.1 Introduction to Mat lab
3.2 Simulink Model

CHAPTER 3: RESULT​15

CHAPTER 4:CONCLUSION​ 17

CHAPTER 5: APPLICATIONS​ 18

CHAPTER 6: ADVANTAGES & LIMITATIONS​19

REFERENCES​ 20
  
 

1.INTRODUCTION 

To obtain the speed characteristics of a D.C shunt motor by using

field resistance control:-

Speed control by adjusting the air gap flux is achieved by means of

adjusting the field current i.e., by adding an external resistance in the
field circuit. The disadvantage of this method is that at low field flux,
the armature current will be high for the same load. This method is
used to run the motor above its rated speed only.

Speed control is achieved by adding an external resistance in the

armature circuit. This method is used where a fixed voltage is
available. In this method, a high current rating rheostat is required.

In the field resistance control method, a series resistance is inserted in

the shunt-field circuit of the motor in order to change the flux by
controlling the field current. It is theoretically expected that an
increase in the field resistance will result in an increase in the no-load
speed of the motor and in the slope of the torque-speed curve. Figure
1 and 2 shows the block Diagram and circuit diagram of the field
resistance control method respectively.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 

 
 
 
Fig: 1Block Diagram of FieldRheostat control of dc motor

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Fig: 2Circuit Diagram of FieldRheostat control of dc motor

WORKING PRINCIPLE 

In this method field circuit resistance is varied to control the speed of

a d.c shunt motor. Let us rewrite .the basic equation to understand the
method.
If we vary ​I​f,​ flux φ will change, hence speed will vary. To
change ​I​f ​an external resistance is connected in series with the field
windings. The resistance is called the shunt field regulator .the field
coil produces rated flux when no external resistance is connected and
rated voltage is applied across field coil. It should be understood that
we can only decrease flux from its rated value by adding external
resistance. Thus the speed of the motor will rise as we decrease the
field current and speed control above the ​base ​speed will be achieved.
 
 
 
 
 
2.MODELLING AND 
SIMULATION 
 
INTRODUCTION TO MATLAB 
MATLAB​ (​mat​rix ​lab​oratory) is a numerical computing environment
and f​ ourth-generation programming language.​ Developed by M ​ athWorks​,
MATLAB allows ​matrix​ manipulations, plotting of f​ unctions​ and data,
implementation of a ​ lgorithms​, creation of u​ ser interfaces​, and interfacing with
programs written in other languages, including C ​ ​, C
​ ++,​ J​ ava​, and F​ ortran​.
Although MATLAB is intended primarily for numerical computing, an optional
toolbox uses the ​MuPAD​ ​symbolic engine​, allowing access to s​ ymbolic
computing​ capabilities. An additional package, ​Simulink​, adds graphical
multi-domain simulationand M​ odel-Based Design​ for dynamic and ​embedded
systems.​

Fig:

3Command Window of Matlab

 
 
SIMULINK MODEL 
A model of speed control of D.C motor using field resistance control was setup
in SIMULINK. For this purpose, a 5-Horse Power (HP) DC motor of 240 V
rating 1,220 r/min is used in the simulation models. The equivalent circuit
parameters of the motor are: R​f​¼​ 240 O, L​f​¼​ 120 H, R​a​¼​ 0.6O.

For the field resistance control, first, the nominal value of the field resistance
R​f​¼ 240 O is selected and simulations are run for several values of load torque
in the range of T​L​¼ 0 500 N m to determine the steady-state value of the speed
at each load level. In order to investigate the effect of an increase in the field
resistance on the torque-speed characteristic, R​f1​¼ 60 O external resistances is
then inserted in series with the field circuit as illustrated and simulations are
repeated for the same load levels. The torque-speed curves for both resistance
values are shown. This figure clearly shows an increase in the slope of the curve
as well as in the no-load speed of the motor with respect to an increase in the
field resistance.
 Figure 4: SIMULINK model of Field resistance control of speed in D.C
motor

A DC motor block of SimPowerSystems toolbox is used. The DC motor block

implements a separately excited DC motor. An access is provided to the field
connections (F+, F-) so that the motor model can be used as a shunt-connected.
The field circuit is represented by an RL circuit (Rf and Lf in series) and is
connected between the ports (F+, F-). The armature circuit consists of an
inductor La and resistor Ra in series with an electromotive force EA and is
connected between the ports (A+, A-).

The load torque is specified by the input port TL. The electrical and mechanical
parameters of the motor could be specified using its dialog box. Observe that
240 V DC source is applied to the armature and field circuits. An external
resistance Rf1 is inserted in series with the field circuit to realize the field
resistance speed control. The output port (port m) allows for the measurement of
several variables, such as rotor speed, armature and field currents, and
electromechanical torque developed by the motor. Through the scope and
display block, the waveform and steady-state value of the rotor speed can be
easily measured in radian per second (rad/s), or the corresponding data can be
written to MATLAB/workspace.
 RESULTS 
 

 
 
Fig: 5Torque-speed characteristics for two different field
resistances
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
Fig: 6D.C Voltage Vs Time Graph
 
 

CONCLUSIONS 
 

(i) This we observe simulation results for the speed control methods.
The torque-speed curves for the speed control methods are determined
using the Simulink models presented in the previous section.

(ii) Simulation models of DC motor speed control methods for DC motor

drives have been developed using MATLAB/Simu-link. It has been
shown that proposed simulation models correctly predict the effect of
field resistance, armature voltage, and resistance on the torque-speed
characteristic of the DC motor. The teaching of both the steady-state
and dynamic analysis of DC motors has been enhanced using the
simulation models.
  

 
APPLICATIONS: 
 
It is a constant speed motor, where the speed is required to remain almost
constant from no-load to full load. The load has to be driven at a number
of speeds and any one of which is nearly constant.

Industrial use:

● Lathes
● Drills
● Boring mills
● Shapers
● Spinning and weaving machines.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS: 
 
 
This method is economical, more efficient and convenient though it can
give speeds above (not below) the normal speed. The only limitation of this
method is that commutation becomes unsatisfactory, because the effect of
armature reaction is greater on a weaker field. It should, however, be noted
that by combining the two methods, speeds above and below the normal
may be obtained.

Limitations of this method of speed control:

a. Creeping speeds cannot be obtained.
b. Top speeds only obtained at reduced torque
c. The speed is maximum at minimum value of flux, which is governed by
the demagnetizing effect of armature reaction on the field.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 REFERENCES 

i. SIMULINK, Model-based and system-based design, using Simulink,

MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, 2000.

ii. SimPowerSystems for use with Simulink, user’s guide, MathWorks Inc.,
Natick, MA, 2002.

iii. W. M. Daniels and A. R. Shaffer, Re-inventing the electrical machines

curriculum, IEEE Trans Educ 41 (1998), 92 100.

iv. C.-M. Ong, Dynamic simulation of electric machinery using

MATLAB/SIMULINK, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1998.

v. K. L. Shi, T. F. Chan, Y. K. Wong, and S. L. Ho, Modeling and

simulation of the three-phase induction motor using Simulink, Int J Electr Eng
Educ 36 (1999), 163 172.