Reg. No.

SHANMUGANATHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Accredited By NAAC, An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution)
ARASAMPATTI – 622 507

BRANCH : ECE SUB CODE : EC6602

YEAR/SEM : III/VI SUBTITLE : ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION
DATE : 22.01.2018 Q.P SETTER : RAMESH.D, AP/ECE
TIME : 9.15 a.m. – 10.05 a.m. MAX. MARKS: 25

WEEKLY TEST-I KEY

PART – A (6 X 2 = 12)

1. Retarded potential
Since,the short electric dipole is so short,the current which is flowing through the dipole
is assumed to be constant throughtout its length.The effect of this current is not felt
instantaneous at a distance point only after an interval equal to the time required for the
wave to propagate over the distance r is called the retarded current.

2. Half power Beam width

HPBW is the angular width measured on the major lobe of radiation pattern between
points where the radiated power has fallen to half of its maximum value. It is otherwise
called as 3 dB beamwidth.

3. Isotropic radiator.
A isotropic radiator is a fictitious radiator and is defined as a radiator which radiates
fieldsuniformly in all directions. It is also called as isotropic source or omni directional
radiator or simply unipole.

4. Polarization

The polarization of the radio wave can be defined by direction in which the electric vector
E is aligned during the passage of atleast one full cycle. Also polarization can also be
defined the physical orientation of the radiated electromagnetic waves in space. The
polarization are three types. They are Elliptical polarization ,circular polarization and
linear polarization

5. Directivity.
The directivity of an antenna is equal to the ratio of the maximum power density P(θ,φ)
max to its average value over a sphere as observed in the far field of an antenna.

D = P(θ,φ)max / P(θ,φ)av. Directivity from Pattern. D = 4π / ΩA. .

Directivity from beam area(ΩA )
6. dBi and dBd & their significance.
dBi and dBd are used to measure the focusing power (gain) of antennas. MaxStream
specifies all antennas in dBi only.

dBi is a measurement that compares the gain of an antenna with respect to an isotropic
radiator (a theoretical antenna that disperses incoming energy evenly over the surface of
an imaginary sphere.)

dBd compares the gain of an antenna to the gain of a reference dipole antenna (defined
as 2.15 dBi gain).
 Answer All Questions

7 . a. Derive
the expression for the field quantities radiated from a λ/2 dipole and prove
that the radiation resistance to be 73 Ω . (13)
 OR
b. Evaluate an expression for the power radiated by the current element and
calculate the radiation Resistance. (13)