BERGEY’S MANUAL CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIOLOGY

Introduction
Bergey’s manual is the main resource for determining the identity of prokaryotic
organisms, emphasizing bacterial species, using every characterizing aspect. It was created by
David Hendricks Bergey. The first book was published in 1923 with the title “Bergey's
Manual of Determinative Bacteriology”. It kept published until 1994 and reached 9th edition.
The book provides identification schemes for identifying bacteria and archaea based on
morphology, differential staining, and biochemical tests. The second book came in 1984 with
the title “Bergey’s Manual of Systemic Bacteriology”. The book has 2 edition. The first
edition was published in 1984-1989 with 4 volumes inside. The second book was published
in 2001-2012 with 5 volumes. The book provides phylogenetic information on bacteria and
archaea basen on rRNA sequencing.

Classification
For now, the main book to use is Bergey’s manual of systemic bacteriology. In the first
edition, the book was published in 4 volumes :
 Volume 1 (1984) – Gram - negative Bacteria of general, medical, or industrial
importance
 Volume 2 (1986) – Gram - positive Bacteria other than Actinomycetes
 Volume 3 (1989) – Archaeobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and remaining Gram-negative
Bacteria
 Volume 4 (1989) – Actinomycetes
For the second edition, the book was published in 5 volumes :
 Vol 1 - (2001) The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria
 Vol 2 - (2005) -The Proteobacteria
 Vol 3 - (2009) - The Firmicutes
 Vol 4 - (2011) - The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes),
Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes,
Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes
 Vol 5- (2012) - The Actinobacteria
Bactery classified based on medical relation :

Category Genus Species Disease

Bacillus anthracis Anthrax
Bacillus Bacillus cereus Food poisoning and
eye infection
Spore-Forming Clostridium botulinum Botulism
Gram Positive Clostridium tetani Tetanus
Bacilli Clostridium Food poisoning
Clostridium
perfringens
Clostridium difficile Pseudomembranous
colitis
Corynebacterium Diphtheria
diphtheriae
Corynebacterium auris Ear infection in
children
Corynebacterium Respiratory tract
pseudodiphtheriticum infection
Corynebacterium Urease + and Urinary
glucuronolyticum tract pathogen
Corynebacterium Corynebacterium Diphtheroid
jeikeium endocarditis of
prosthetic valves
Club
Corynebacterium Urease + and acute or
shaped/pallisades
urealyticum chronic encrusted
Gram Positive
urinary tract infection
Bacilli
Arcanobacterium Pharyngitis
haemolyticum
Rothia dentocariosa Endocarditis
Listeria monocytogenes Perinatal human
listeriosis, Listeria
Listeria
meningoencephalitis
(adult)
Erysipelothrix Erysipeloid
Erysipelothrix
rhusiopathiae
Mycobacterium Pulmonary and
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis disseminated
 tuberculosis
Mycobacterium leprae Leprosy
Mycobacterium bovis Tuberculosis-like
disease
Propionibacterium Propionibacterium Acne vulgaris
acnes
Actinomyces isreaelii Actinomycosis
Actinomyces Actinomyces Actinomycosis
gerencseriae
Arachnia Arachnia propionica Epidural abscess,
tympanomastoiditis
Nocardia Nocardia abscessus, Nocardiosis
Extensive
Nocardia brevicatena-
branching
paucivorans complex ,
Filamentous
Nocardia nova
Gram Positive
complex, Nocardia
Bacilli
transvalensis complex,
Nocardia farcinica
Nocardia asteroides Actinomycetoma
Nocardia brasiliensis (madura’s foot)
Strepromyces Streptomyces Actinomycetoma
somaliensis (madura’s foot)
Lactobacillus Normal flora in
acidophilus vaginal
Lactobacillus
Lactobacillus
plantarum
Eubacterium Normal flora in cavity
Branching
alactolyticum,
rudimentery or
Eubacterium
absent
saburreum,
Filamentous
Eubacterium lentum,
Gram Positive
Eubacterium Eubacterium limosum,
Bacilli
Eubacterium nodatum,
Eubacterium brachy,
Eubacterium timidum,
Eubacterium saphenus,
Eubacterium minutum
Staphylococcus Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia,
(major) meningitis, empyema,
endocarditis, or
sepsis with
suppuration in any
Round in clusters
organ. In skin can
and tetrads Gram
cause acne, pyoderma,
Positive Cocci
impetigo. Also can
cause food poisoning.
Staphylococcus Normal flora in skin
epidermidis and respiratory also
gastrointestinal tract
 Staphylococcus Similar to S. Aureus
lugdunensis
Staphylococcus Urinary tract infection
saprophyticus
Micrococcus Micrococcus sp. Normal microbiota in
skin
Peptococcus Peptococcus niger Normal flora in skin,
oral cavity, upper
respiratory tract,
gastrointestinal tract,
female genitourinary
system
Streptococcus Erysipellas, cellulitis,
pyogenes streptococcal
(Grup A) gangrene, puerperal
fever, sepsis,
streptococcal sore
throat, streptococcal
pyoderma, scarlet
fever, rheumatic fever,
GNA
Streptococcus Infection in neonatal
agalactiae such as fulminant
Streprococcus
Oval shape in (Grup B) sepsis, meningitis, or
chains respiratory distress
Gram Positive syndrome
Cocci Streprococcus group C Pharyngitis, sinusitis,
and G bacterimia,
endocarditis
Streptococcus bovis Normal flora in
(Group D) humans and animals
Streptococcus Pneumoni, sinusitis,
pneumoni otitis, bronchitis,
bacterimia, meningitis
Peptostreptococcus Peptostreptococcus sp. Brain abscess
Enterococcus Enterococcus faecalis Abdominal abscess,
urinary tract infection,
endocarditis
 Category Genus Species Disease
Neisseria meningitidis Meningitis
Neisseria
Neisseria gonorrhoaea Gonore
Cocci
Veillonella Normal flora in mouth,
Veillonella sp.
nasopharynx, intestine
Acinetobacter
device-associated
baumannii
Acinetobacter infection (infection in
Acinetobacter
plastic catheter user)
johnsonii
Medium sized Normal flora in upper
cocco bacillary respiratory tract but
can cause bacterimia,
Moraxella Moraxella catarrhalis
endocarditis,
conjunctivitis,
meningitis
Brucella sp. Brucellosis (malta
Brucella
fever)
Bordetella pertussis Pertusis
Bordetella Pertusis subklinis
Tiny cocco Bordetella parapertussis
bacillary Bordetella Kennel cough and
bronchiseptica pneumonitis
Bacteroides fragilis Pelvic inflammatory
Bacteroides Bacteroides dissease and ovarium
thetaiotaomicron abscess
Haemophilus Meningitis in children,
influenzae upper & lower
respiratory tract
infection
Pleomorphic
Haemophilus aegyptus Conjunctivitis in
coccobacillary & Haemophilus
children
filamentous
Aggregatibacter Infective endocarditis
aphrophilus (H. and pneumonia
Aphrophilus and H.
paraphrophilus)
 Haemophillus ducreyi Chancroid
Pasteurella Hemorrhagic
septicemia in animals.
Often found in the
Pasteurella multocida
human wounds
inflicted by bites from
dogs or cats.
Francisella Francisella tularensis Ulcerogandular
(Grup A) tularemia
Normal flora in
gingival but can cause
pleuropulmonary
Exageratted Fusobacterium infection,
Fusobacterium
pointed end nucleatum chorioamnionitis,
brain abscess
complicating
periodontal disease
Coiled, sphero- Fusobacterium Fusobacterium
Lemierre’s disease
plastic necrophorum
Streptobacillus Streptobacillus
Rat-bite fever
moniliformis
Vibrio cholerae Cholera
Vibrio
Acute gastroenteritis
parahaemolyticus
Severe wound
Vibrio vulnificus infection, bacterimia,
gastroenteritis
Diarrhea after
Vibrio
Vibrio mimicus ingestion of uncooked
seafood (raw oyster)
Curved, comma
Vibrio alginolyticus eye, ear, or wound
shaped
infection after
exposure to seawater
Vibrio hollisae and Diarrhea
Vibrio fluvialis
Campylobacter Campylobacter jejuni Diarrhea grossly
Campylobacter coli bloody
Diarrhea in
Campylobacter fetus immunocompromised
patient
Escherichia coli Urinary tract infection,
Diarrhea, sepsis,
meningitis
Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacterial pneumonias
Uniformy
Enterobacteriaceae Klebsiella Granuloma inguinale
bacillary
granulomatosis
pneumonia,
Serratia marcescens bacteremia, and
endocarditis,
 especially in narcotics
addicts and
hospitalized patients.
Proteus mirabilis Urinary tract infection
Shigella dysenteriae Disentri
Shigella sonnei Shigellosis
Salmonella typhi Typhoid fever
Salmonella paratyphi A
Paratyphoid fever
&B
Bacterimia with focal
Salmonella cholaresuis
lesions
Salmonella
typhimurium and Enterocolitis
Salmonella enteriditis
Providencia sp. Normal intestinal flora
Urinary tract infection
Citrobacter sp.
and sepsis
Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas Echtyma gangrenosum
aeruginosa
Wound infection
Aeromonas hydrophila
Aeromonas happen in water
Aeromonas caviae Gastroenteritis
Normal human
Alcaligenes Alcaligenes sp.
microbiota
Chromobacterium Abscess, diarrhea,
Chromobacterium
violaceum sepsis

Duodenal ulces,
gastric ulcer, antral
gastritis, gastric
adenocarcinoma and
Helicobacter Helicobacter pylori
gastric
mucosa-associated
lymphoid tissue
(MALT) lymphomas.

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