CHAPTER 6

D’Arsnoval Best type of meter movement

Wattmeter A dynamometer type which has uniform scale;
Dynamometer Most expensive;
Mainly used as wattmeter;
Can be used for AC or DC works
Permanent Magnet Moving Coil Can only be applied to DC work only;
Instruments The reason why its scale is uniform is because it is spring controlled;
Springs provide the controlling force;
Most sensitive instrument
Moving Iron instruments Considered as attraction and repulsion instruments;
Typical IFS is 50mA;
Typical VFS is 50mV;
Uses squared scale;
Induction watt-hr meter Most commonly used induction type of instrument
Watt-hour meter Is an integrating type of instrumenr
Rest When both deflecting and controlling torque act, the pointer of an indicating instrument
comes to ______
Deflecting force (for analog ins) Causes the moving system to deflect from its zero position
Controlling force (for analog ins) Ensures that the deflection of the pointer for a given value of measured
quantity always has the same value
Damping force (for analog ins) Quickly brings the moving system to rest in its final position
Damping and Controlling Opposes the deflecting torque
Torques
Damping torque is zero If the pointer is in the final deflected position
Thermocouple Instrument where output voltage is proportional to the temperature;
An ammeter used to measure high freq currents
Thermistor Type of resistor used to measure temp changes with change in resistance
Never When should a fuse be replaced by a higher rated unit?
Pulse width Time interval that a waveform is High or low is _____ of the signal
Pulse delay Time delay between pulses
Period The interval of a pulse from start to end
CRT Heart of CRO (cathode ray oscilloscope)
Wheatstone Bridge Measures resistance accurately;
Balanced if there is no current the flows through the load;
R1/R2 = R3/R4
Potentiometer Bridge Measures Voltage accurately
Maxwell Bridge Measures unknown inductance with in terms of known capacitance;
Used to measure medium coils (1<Q<10)
Wien Bridge Measures capacitance
Electrostatic voltmeter Not operated by passage of current;
Used for measuring high direct voltages (say 10KV);
Used exclusively as voltmeters
Conductor and Non magnetic Disc is made of ______ is eddy-current damping
material
Peak to Peak Value Oscilloscope provides easy measurement of _____
1V at 10mW DC voltage provided by a diode sensor
0.1nW to 10mW Typical power range of diode sensor
Less the 10mV DC voltage provided by a thermal converter
0.1 to 100mW Typical power range of a thermal converter
0.1uW to 100mW Typical power range of a thermocouple sensors
Hot wire instrument _____ has a squared scale.
Horizontal Scale For Time Measurement, _____ of the scope is used.
Vertical Center When the vertical input is 0, the electron beam may be positioned at the _____ of the
screen.
Vertical Scale _____ is calibrated in V/cm or mV/cm for amplitude measurements.
Grid-dip meter Measures tank circuit frequency
Milliamter Operates in the magnetic attraction-repulsion principles
Multimeter Provides RMS measurements for sinusoids
Kelvin electrostatic meter Fluid friction damping is applied to _______
Negligible The temp coef of resistance of a shunt material is _____
Manganin Shunts are generally made of ____
Aluminum Pointers are generally made of ____
Zero adjust Used to balance both halves of the difference in amplifier or cathode coupled amplifier
in VTVM
DMM Type of meter that provides precise reading of V,I,R where there is generation of
samples at the input and feeds it to a digital read-out
Sensitivity The smallest signal that can be reliably measured in VTVTM
RSH = (IFS x Rm)/(I T –IFS) Rm = internal resistance
Lissajous Pattern Pattern displayed by the oscilloscope which has steady state char
At half of full Indicating instruments are assumed to be most accurate at _____ part of the scale.
At far right 0 mark is located ______ for a simple ohmmeter
Resolution The smallest change in applied stimulus that will indicate a detectable change in
deflection in an indicating instrument

Inductor
To produce change in output
when an input voltage equals a
reference voltage
OP-AMP
CHAPTER 7
Cannot be fabricated in IC
Purpose of comparator in OP-AMP
Mostly uses positive feedback;
High Zin, Low Zout, BW is infinity, open loop gain is infinity;
Most commonly used type of linear IC;

50mW – typical power dissipated of OP-AMP;

500mW – absolute max rating for OP-AMP interval power dissipation
1V/us – typical slew rate of OP-AMP
±30V – absolute max rating for an OP-AMP differential input voltage
20dB/decade – rate of gain reduction in OP-AMP

80nA – typical input bias current of 741 OP-AMP

25mA – short circuit current output of 741 OP-AMP
0.5V/uS – slew rate of 741 OP-AMP
2 - # of power supplies required by 741 OP-AMP

OP-AMP magnitude comparator Doesn’t use feedback

circuit
OP-AMP input bias current Is the average of the 2 base currents
uA741C OP-AMP Is used for commercial purposes;
Its CMRR = 70dB
Voltage follower An OP-AMP circuit that has its output tied directly to the inverting terminal
Summing Point in an OP-AMP A terminal of the OP-AMP where the input resistors are commonly connected
Ratio of Rf/R must be equal to Condition to convert a summing amplifier to an averaging amplifier
the reciprocal of the number of
inputs
Negative The summing amplifier has 2 or more input and its output voltage is proportional to the
_______ of the algebraic sum of its input voltages.
Power BW The highest undistorted freq output of an OP-AMP for a given slew rate and peak
voltage
Less than 1W Power dissipation of most low power linear IC
2 mega ohms Typical input resistance of the OP-AMP when measured under open loop
555 timer Most popular IC in used in timing circuits;
Can be used in monostable and astable applications
Square wave clock _____ is an astable multivibrator (relaxation oscillator)
RC synthesis Technique used to eliminate the need for inductive elements in monolithic IC
Single-Stone “Monos” / “Lithos”
SSI Up to 9 gates
MSI 10 to 100 gates
LSI More than 100 gates
VLSI More than 1000 gates
(not sure about these ranges kasi iba yung nasa table summary. pero eto yung sagot sa
book)
BIFET
Relaxation oscillator
Digital IC
Linear IC
Thick Film and Thin Film
Common Mode signal
-55 to +125 deg Celsius
-25 to +85 deg Celsius
0 to +70 deg Celsius
Military and Industrial
DIP packaging
IC’s advantages over discrete
devices (soldered devices)
VCO
Av = Rc / 2Re
The difference in VBE values
manufacturer
Packaging type
D, J, N
D packaging suffix for Plastic DIP for surface mounting on a PC board
P,N
J packaging suffix for Ceramic DIP
1.5 mils x 3 mils
3 mils x 4.5 mils
4 mils x 6.5 mils
It has an inherent current
limiting
Flat response
Single RC circuit
Stray wiring capacitance
1M transistors
Trip point
Virtual ground
CCD (charge-coupled
Capacitor)
0.5 to 15GHz
The inverting input is
connected to the +5V
Ground
Czochralsky Pulling technique
Compensating Capacitor
IC OP-AMP that combines FETS and Bipolar transistors
Operates on the principle of the charge and discharging of a capacitor
Possesses digital signals
Possesses analog signals
We can use ____ and _____ if higher power ICs are needed.
Signal that is applied with equal strength to both inputs of a differential amplifier or an
OP-AMP
Military and space IC
Industrial IC
Commercial IC
After assembly, the ICs are tested and classified as either ______.
(Yung letter C choice is ‘Military or Industrial’ diba dapat EITHER-OR?)
Low in cost;
Tiniest packaging known;
Ruggedly resists vibration
Lower cost;
High reliability;
Smaller in size
It exhibits a freq that can be varied with a DC control voltage
Voltage gain of a differential amplifier
Source of output offset voltage
Letter-prefix code indicates the ______
Letter-suffix code indicates the _________
Most common packaging type
packaging suffix for Plastic DIP for insertion in sockets
Typical dimension of a MOSFET in a single chip IC
Typical dimension of a DIODE in a single chip IC
Typical dimension of a BJT in a single chip IC
Advantage of a shunt regular type over a series regulator type
Type of response that characterizes a single pole low pass filter
The term pole refers to a ________ in terms of circuit component.
Unwanted capacitance between connecting wires and ground
Intel i486 32 bit microprocessor has _________ on a single chip
It is the value of the input voltage that switches the output comparator or Schmitt
trigger
Type of ground that appears at the inverting input of an OP-AMP that used negative
feedback
1969; by WS Boyle and GE Smith
Microwave ICs cover the freq range
In a 5V level detector circuit, ______________
To use a comparator for zero-level detection, the inverting input is connected to the ___
Most common method used for the growth of single crystals for IC farbrication
Prevents oscillations inside an OP-AMP