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USN 10M856

Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Exami n, Dec.201S/Jan"2016

Turbo Machines
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() Tirne: 3 hrs, Max" N{arks:i00

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d
E Note: 1.Answer any FIVE full questions, selecting
stleast TWO qaestions from each part"
2. Missing data naay be saitabljt assamed.

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PART _ A
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--..rl a. Enumerate the differences between Positive Displacement Machines and Turbomachines
ico with reference to its action, energy conversion process and volumetric efficiency. {S6 Marks)
.E& b. V/ith usual notations, derive expressions for Unit Discharge coefficient, Head coefficient

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6 ?-rl and Power coefficient using Dimensional Analysis. (08 Mar"ks)
-() c. The quantity of water available for a hydroelectric power station is 250m3/sec. The head
developed is 1.73rn. If the speed of the turbines is 50 rpm ancl the efficiency 82.5ok, find the
,RA

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,=7
a. ib
number of tue'bines. Assume specific speed to be 760. (S6 Nlarks)

With usual notations, derive an expression for infinitesimal stage efficiency during
conrpression process with the aid of TS plot.
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{tt} Ntarks)
b. A 9 stage centrifugal compressor has overall stage pressure rutio 2.82. Air enters the
compressor at I bar and 150C. The efficiency of the compressor is 8B%. Determine the
9=
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fallowing : i) Pressure ratio of each stage ii) Polytropic efficiency iii) Prelreat
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-U (d
a,
'Caa) factor. {10 Ntarks)
or:
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c-x t The veloeity of the steam in a De Laval Turbine at the inlet is1200m/sec" The nozzle angle
oj at the inlet is 220 and blades are equiangular. Assuming relative velocities of the tluid at
9:E inlet and exit to be equal and tangential speed of the rotor is 400m/sec. Determine the
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'a tE, following : i) Blade angles at inlet and exit ii) Power developed in kW, if mass flow
rate is lkg/sec iir) Tangential force exerted on the rotor blade rirng iv) Utilization
>,t factor. (I0 N{arks)
oov
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=40 b. Show that for an axial flow turbine subjected under maximum utilization factor condition,
.p

=.*
c. ii
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the speed ratio S is given by 213 cos cx,1, where 'U' is the tangential speed of the rotor and
yq 'Vf is the tangential jet velocity of the fluid. Assume floiv velocity to remain constant and
rJ< 'cltf is the nozzle angle. Take Degree of Reaction R : %. {tr8 Marksi
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o a. The total'power input at a stage in an axial - flow compressor with symrmetric inlet and
Z outletvelocitytriangles(R:0.5) is27.85 kJikgof airflow. Ifthebladespeedis l80n/sec
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throughout the rotor, draw the velocity triangles and compute the inlet and outlet r*tor blade
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o. angles. Do you recommend the use of such compressors? Comment on the results you have
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= obtained. Assume axial velocity component to be 12Omlsec. (1t) Marks)

b. An inward flow radial reaction turbine has axial discharge at outlet. The outer blade angle is
450. The radialvelocity of the flow remain constant. Aisuming the tangential speed of the
rotor at iniet to be twice the tangential speed of the rotor at exit, determine the energy
transfer per unit flow depending on mass and degree of reaction. Assume V,,,: \Eg . trf the
values of degree of reaction respectively are '0' and '1', what are the corresponding values
of energy transfer per unit mass of the fluid? (10 Manks)

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1oME56

PART _ B

a. Define a stearn turbine. List out the differences between Impulse and Reaction steam
turbines. (08 Marks)
b. Brieftry explain Velocity Compounding.

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(tt4 Marks)
c. In a reacl;ion turbine, the inlet and outlet blade angles are 500 and 200 respectively. Steam
.enters at 180 to the plane of the rotorwheel and leaves at 400. The rotor speed is 260m/sec.

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Calculate tlae speed ratio, specifio work and degree of reaction. (08 Marks)

i+C"cos$.
a. Prove that the hydraulic efficiency of Pelton wheel is given by #^ 2
u,here.cr'is

g.
Bucket velocity coefficient and Bz is the runner tip angle. (08 Marks)
b. Explain tlne function of a draft tube. {$4 Marks}
c. An inward flow reaction turbine with radial discharge having overali efficiency 80% when

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power developed is 147 kW. The head is 8m. The peripheral velocity of the fluid is
A.96Wand flow veiocity of the fluid is U6W. The speed of the rotor is 1500 rpm

i) Inlet guide vane and blade angles

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and hydraulic energy losses is 22% of available energy. Determine the foilowing :
ii)Diameter of the rotor iii)
Width of the rotor.
(08 Marks)
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a. Define a Centrifugal pump. With usual notations, derive theoretical head - capacity
relationship for a centrifugal pump. (08 ilIanksi
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b. What is Cavitation? What are its effbcts? (84 Marks)
C. Show that the pressure rise in the impeller of a centrifugal pump is given by
P,-R 1[,,,+ u; Vr] cosec'.- I where V, & Vr, are the flow velocities ancl
? fb = ; [U; -
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F..1, Fz is tlie

outlet Eiade angle. (08 Marks)

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8a. Explain Surging , Stalling and Slip factor with reference to a compressor. (08 Nlarks)
b. The irnpetrlof tip speed of a centrifugal compressor is 370mlsec, slip factor is 0.9, and the
radial cornponent at the exit is 35m/sec. If the flow area at the exit is 0.18m2 and
comprossor efficiency is 8B%. Dbtermine the mass flow rate of air and the absoiute klach
.p

number at impeller tip. Assume air density : 1.57kglm3 and inlet stagnation temperature is
290K. Neglect the work input factor. Also find the overall pressure ratio of tlie r"r?fffi:nl;
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