Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Department of Education
PUBLIC TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOLS
Technology Teacher:
Contextual Teacher:
Facilitators:
Encoder:
Page
If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance.
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered
in this module. If you can demonstrate competence to your teacher in a
particular skill, talk to your teacher so you do not have to undergo the same
training again. If you have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from
previous trainings, show it to him/her. If the skills you acquired are consistent
with and relevant to this module, they become part of the evidence. You can
present these for RPL. If you are not sure about your competence / skills,
discuss this with your teacher.
After completing this module ask your teacher to assess your competence.
Result of your assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the
learning activities are designed for you to complete at your own pace.
In this module, you will find the activities for you to complete and relevant
information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may have
more than one learning activity.
INTRODUCTION:
This module consists of six (6) learning outcomes. Each learning outcome
contains learning activities supported by instruction sheets. Before you perform
the instruction sheets, read the information sheets and answer the self-check
and activities provided to ascertain to yourself and your teacher. He /she will
check if you have acquired the knowledge necessary to perform the skill portion
of the particular learning outcome.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
PREREQUISITE:
None
Assessment Criteria:
1. The principles and theories of electron are applied when dealing with
electrical works.
2. The atomic structure is illustrated.
References:
Molecular theory
The electron theory states that all matter is made up of electricity. Matter is
anything which has weight, occupies space is made up of molecules, of which
millions of different kinds. The molecules in turn, are made up of atoms of
which are the smallest units of the several elements and of a limited number.
All atoms believed to be composed of electrons, which are minute particle of
negative electricity normally held in place in each atom by positively charged
particles called nucleus. Thus, the electron, which are interlocked in the atoms,
are constantly revealing at great speeds in orbits around positive nuclei. In a
normal atom, the amount of negative electricity of the electrons is exactly
neutralized by an equal amount of opposite or positive electricity of the nucleus.
Thus, a normal atom exhibits no external sign of electrification.
Structure of an atom
Electron
The structure of neutrons in the atoms showing the position of its proton,
electron, nucleus and neutron is shown below.
The protons and electrons attract each other inside the atom. It has been
known that by nature, unlike charges (like the positive protons and negative
electrons) attract each other while like charges repel each other; meaning,
electrons and protons repel each other’s protons.
II. Directions: Read each question below then, choose the correct answer.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
neutron molecule
atom occupies space
has weight
A-Electron D-proton
B-neutron E-nucleus
C-proton F-electrostatic force
Comb
Small pieces of paper
Dry woolen cloth
Ballon
Wall
Dry fine sand
Working Drawing
COMB BALLON
Procedure
1. Put the tip of your comb near the small pieces of paper. What happened?
2. Rub your comb briskly with a dry woolen cloth.
3. Put again the tip of your comb towards some tiny pieces of paper. What happened
to the tiny pieces of paper? Compare your observation with the second step.
4. Rub the inflated balloon with the woolen cloth.
5. Put the balloon against the wall. Why did the balloon stick on the wall? Do you
think the same will happen without rubbing the balloon?
6. Rub the balloon with the woolen cloth again.
7. Hold the balloon over very dry fine sand. What happened to the sand as you
brought the balloon near to it? What kind of electricity was produced when you
rubbed two materials of different kind?
First Step
Second Step
Third Step
Forth step
Fifth step
Sixth step
Seventh step
Assessment Criteria:
References:
HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY
Electricity plays an important role in man’s conquest for existence .It has
been said that it is here with us since the beginning of the time.
In 600 B.C, Thales a Greek philosopher accidentally discovered static
electricity. Noticing that his garment had bits of hair and straw, Thales decided
to remove them by rubbing piece of amber stone on his clothes. To his surprise,
several pieces of straw clung to the amber when rubbed on the clothes, the
amber became electrified and it attracted the pieces of straw. Thales simply
wrote the incident and did not do anything about it because he could not
explain the mystery. He did not know that he had just discovered static
electricity.
In 1600, William Gilbert, an English Physician was able to put an
electrical charged on the objects by means of friction or rubbing. He observed
that two materials when rubbed together received opposite charges, that is, one
object got a positive charge and the other a negative charge. He also noticed that
two oppositely charged materials attract each other. Gilbert experiment was a
re-discovery of static electricity, the word static means standing still or at rest.
The Greek word for amber stone is “ ELEKTRON” and so the term electricity
came about.
Hydropower is an energy
obtained from flowing water.
Energy in water can be
harnessed and used in the foot
motive energy or temperature
differences. The most common
application is the dam.
Fossil fuel is formed from the remains of plant and animals which live
thousands of years ago. The burning of those fossil fuel provides energy which
can be used to generate electricity.
z
Geothermal power comes from heat energy
buried beneath the surface of the earth. In some
areas of the country, enough heat rises close to the
surface of the earth to heat underground water into
steam which can be tapped for use in steam-
turbine plants.
Geothermal Power is the energy extracted
from the heat generated by natural concentrations
of hot water and steam in the earth’s interior. It can
be used in electric power generation and direct heat applications such as space
heating and industrial drying processes.
A B
1. Friction a. two metals bounded together in junction by
thermocouple process
2. Chemical action b. electricity produced by rotating machine
3. Heat action c. electricity generated by rubbing two
materials
4. Light action d. electricity produced by batteries
5. Prezo-electricity e. a process of photo-electricity
6. Mechanical f. an action of squeezing or stretching crystal
action
7. Magnet g. imaginary lines along which the attraction
or repulsion of a magnet act
8. Magnetic h. a body having the property of polarity and
induction of attraction and repulsion found in the
nature.
9. Thermoelectricity i. potential difference appears across the
faces of quartz when squeezed
10. Pressure j. electricity generated by heat action.
II. Direction: From the given words below, choose the correct word that will
complete the sentence. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
In the pictures below, trace and explain the process of the different power
plants on how they produce electricity.
Nuclear power
Hydroelectric power
Solar power
Assessment Criteria:
1. Different types of taps splices and joints are identified according to their
uses.
2. Techniques in skinning electrical wire are demonstrated.
3. Methods of tapping splicing and joining electrical wires are performed
according to the prescribed procedure.
4. Safety procedure in tapping splicing and joining electrical wires is observed.
References:
End turns
Western Union Short tie splice -
To make the splice, the wires are first
skinned
Tape
Downloaded from www.shsph.blogspot.com 22
for about 3 inches at the ends. They are then placed in crossed position about
1 inch from the insulation. Four or five short turns are then wrapped on each
side of the longest twist, and the free ends cut off and squeezed down closed to
the straight position of the wire so that they will not extend over the surface of
the short turns and permit the sharp to cut through the tape with the splice to
be wrapped.
The two file sides of the conductors are then laid together and wrapping
wire wound around them as similarly done in Britannia Splice. The wrapping is
completed by winding about six and seven turns of the free ends around the
unfilled portion of the conductor.
Before the splice is made, the insulation is first removed on both ends with
the use of an electrician’s knife or diagonal pliers. An electrician should be very
careful in removing wire insulation in order that the wire will not be nicked by
the knife or pliers to prevent breaking. However, a specially designed tool to
avoid nicks is called automatic wire stripper. The function of the tool is to cut
the wire insulation and remove it automatically by inserting the wire
corresponding to the size of hole in the wire stripper. After removing the
insulation, the end of the wire is twisted firmly. When the joint has been made,
the correct practice is to solder it to prevent loose contact and to have a
continuous flow of electricity. The splice and joint are then covered properly
with an electrical tape in order to prevent short circuit.
I. Direction: Label the following splices and joints. Write your answer on a
separate answer sheet.
II. Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer in your notebook.
Materials
Wire conductor
- stranded # 14 or 12 (2m)
- solid # 14 or 12 (2m)
Procedures
SAFETY 5 pts.
Use appropriate PPE 3
Use PPE but not appropriate 2
No PPE 0
Materials
Wire conductor
- stranded # 14 or 12 (2m)
- solid # 14 or 12 (2m)
Procedure
SAFETY 5 pts.
Use appropriate PPE 3
Use PPE but not appropriate 2
No PPE 0
Assessment Criteria:
References:
Electrical path
Switch
1. Series Circuit. In a series circuit, many bulbs are wired one after the other,
so that when one of the bulb is busted, all will not light up. The reason is
that the current cannot pass through the bulb because of the filament is cut.
So there is no continuity for current in order to go back to the power source.
Source
B3
of Power
Switch
Series circuit
2. Parallel Circuit. This is the circuit whereby two or more bulbs are wired with
each bulb having its own circuit. This means that if one is busted, the other
bulb will still light up because current passes separately in each circuit. In a
parallel circuit, the electric current flows and only a part of the total current
in the circuit goes through each bulb. Each bulb has a circuit of its own with
the battery so the electric current flowing through each bulb moves in a
different path in the circuit.
B1 B2 B3
A B
1. Switch a. current cannot pass through the bulb when
the other filament of the bulb is cut
2. Source of power b. caused the load to light up
3. Conductor c. consumes power
4. Load d. electrical path
5. Series circuit e. bulb has its own circuit
connection
f. control the circuit
II. Directions: Tell whether the following idea refer to a series or parallel circuit.
Write S if the answer is series and P if it is parallel on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The total current is the sum of all the current in each circuit.
2. The current throughout the circuit is the same.
3. The voltage is the same in all the circuits.
4. The total resistance in the circuit is the sum of all individual
resistances.
5. The total voltage in the circuit is equal to the sum of the individual
voltages.
If we are going to study the meaning of electricity deeper, there are three
essential elements involved. These are voltage, current and resistance. George
Simon Ohm, a German scientist, discovered in 1826 the relations among them.
The discovery led to one of the major laws in electricity called Ohm’s Law. Each
of the elements has its own unit of measurement, volt for voltage, ampere for
current, ohm for resistance.
Volt is named after Alessandro Volta, a physicist whose invention made volt
as an electrical pressure needed in allowing one ampere of current pass through
resistance of one ohm. Another inventor, named Andre Marie Ampere, a
physicist and Mathematician, whose one ampere of current is the rate of flow of
charge passing in a wire conductor that is equal to one coulomb per second.
Electric power is measured in watts, abbreviated W as a unit. This unit is named
after James Watt, a Scotch inventor. It is equal to the product of the voltage
multiplied by the current. The total power of a circuit is obtained by multiplying
the total current by the voltage.
The amount of current through the material varies directly to the applied
voltage and varies inversely to the resistance.
Direction: Find the missing quantity for each of the circuits below.
1. 5Ω I=2A
V=?
2. I=2A
R=?
20V
R=5Ω
3. I=?
10V
4. I=500A
R=?
100V
R=10Ω I=0.4A
5.
V=?
25 Ω
6.
I=?
50V
BULB IN SERIES
Tool
Pliers
Screw drivers
Working Drawing
Procedure
1. Construct an electrical circuit and connect two bulbs in series. Close the
circuit and observe the brightness of the light.
Observation
First Step
Second Step
Third Step
Forth step
BULB IN PARALLEL
Tool
Pliers
Screw drivers
Working Drawing
Procedure
1. Connect two sockets with bulbs to a dry cell. Observe the brightness of their
lights.
2. Add one more bulb in the setup. Observe the brightness of their light. Does
the adding a bulb in the setup affect the brightness of the bulb?
Observation
First Step
Second Step
Third Step
Forth step
Fifth step
Assessment Criteria:
References:
1. Enriquez, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T., and Lasala, Rommel M. Simple
Electronics, 2004.
2. Velasco, Benjamin S., Electronics Components Testing Simplified, 1994.
RESISTOR
Types of resistors
1. Carbon Composition is
made either by hot or cold
molding from mixtures of carbon
and clay binder. Its resistive
value ranges from 10 ohms to
mega ohms, in power ranges
from 1/8 to 4 watts. It has the
ability to withstand higher
current surges and ruggedness.
1. A carbon resistor coded BROWN, GREEN, BLACK, and GOLD has the
resistance value of 15 Ohms, and a tolerance of ± 5%.
4. Determine the resistor value of a carbon composition resistor using the color
code.
4. What is the resistance value of a carbon resistor coded BLUE, GRAY, RED
and GOLD as illustrated below?
Materials
10 different resistors
Procedure
Read the equivalent of the first, second, third and fourth color band, tolerance and
its coded value that correspond on the table.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Assessment Criteria
Score Remarks
10 Excellent
8-9 Very satisfactory
6-7 Satisfactory
1-5 Fair
Assessment Criteria:
References:
1. Enriquez, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T., and Lasala, Rommel M. Simple
Electronics, 2004.
2. Velasco, Benjamin S., Electronics Components Testing Simplified, 1994.
INTRODUCTION
Types of capacitor
= 0.0032
1. 3,200 picofarad ±5%
microfarad ±5%
= 0.00038
2. 380 picofarad ±10%
microfarad ±10%
= 0.022
5. 22,000 picofarad
microfarad
1. =
2. =
3. =
4. =
5. =
I. Directions: Read the following sentences carefully. Write the letter of your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
II. Directions: Read each question, then choose the correct answer in the box
below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
III. Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer in the box below. Write your answer on a separate
answer sheet.
A B
c 1. Friction a. two metals bounded together in junction
by thermocouple process
d 2. Chemical action b. electricity produced by rotating machine
j 3. Heat action c. electricity generated by rubbing two
materials
e 4. Light action d. electricity produced by batteries
f 5. Prezo-electricity e. a process of photo-electricity
6. Mechanical f. an action of squeezing or stretching crystal
b action
h 7. Magnet g. imaginary lines along which the attraction
or repulsion of a magnet act
g 8. Magnetic h. a body having the property of polarity and
induction of attraction and repulsion found in the
nature.
a 9. Thermoelectricity i. Potential difference appears across the
faces of quartz when squeezed
i 10. Pressure j. electricity generated by heat action.
II. Direction: From the given words below, choose the correct word that would
complete the sentence. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
I. Directions: Label the following splices and joints. Write your answer on a
separate answer sheet.
II. Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer o your notebook.
A B
f 1. Switch a. current cannot pass through the bulb when
the other filament of the bulb is cut
b 2. Source of power b. caused the load to light up
d 3. Conductor c. consumes power
c 4. Load d. electrical path
a 5. Series circuit e. bulb has its own circuit
connection
f. control the circuit
II. Directions: Tell whether the following ideas is a series or parallel circuit.
Write S if the answer is series and P if it is parallel on a
separate sheet of paper.
P 1. The total current is the sum of all the current in each circuit.
S 2. The current throughout the circuit is the same.
P 3. The voltage is the same in all the circuits.
S 4. The total resistance in the circuit is the sum of all individual
resistances.
S 5. The total voltage in the circuit is equal to the sum of the individual
voltages.
1. 5Ω I=2A
V=10
2. I=2A
R=10
20V
R=5Ω
3. I=2
10V
4. I=500A
R=.2
100V
R=10Ω I=0.4A
5.
V=4.4
25 Ω
6.
I=2
50V