Dengue Fever Disease

Group 2. Basic 1

Affet Opat (432051420117001)

Cecilya Pebriyanti Sidauruk (432051440117025)

Estherline Silvia Dewi (432051320117003)

Isye Diana Lestari (432051440117010)

Nasrun Silalahi (432051346117010)

Sheilla Dwiliyanti (432051420117031)

Tri Wahyuni (4321051321117029)

Vania Marwah (432051440117021)

SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN IMMAUEL

BANDUNG
TAHUN AJARAN 2017/2018
 PREFACE

First at all, give thanks for God’s love and grace for us. Thanks to God for helping me
and give me chance to finish this assighment timely. And I would like to say thank you to
Ms. Amandaas the lecturer that always teaches us and give much knowledge about how to
practice English well.

This assighment is the one of English task that composed of Practical English Usage
English As Second Language I realized this assighment is not perfect. But I hope it can be
useful for us. Critics and suggestion is needed here to make this assighment be better.
Hopefully we as a student in STIK Immanuel can work more professional by using English
as the second language whatever we done. Thank you.

Compiler

Group 2

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ........................................................................................................................ 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... 2

CHAPTER 1 PRELIMINARY ..................................................................................... 3

1.1 Background .......................................................................................................... 3

1.2 Formulation of the Problem .................................................................................. 3
1.3 Purpose .................................................................................................................. 4

CHAPTER 2 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................ 5

2.1 Overview .............................................................................................................. 5

2.2 Dengue Fever symptoma .................................................................................... 5
2.3 Dengue Fever Cause ............................................................................................. 5
2.4 Impact of Dengue Fever........................................................................................ 6
2.5 Cases of Dengue Fever ........................................................................................ 6
2.6 Treatment for Dengue Fever ................................................................................. 6
2.7 The prevention of dengue fever ............................................................................ 6

CHAPTER 3 CLOSING................................................................................................ 8

3.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 8

3.2 Suggestion ............................................................................................................ 8

Bibliography .................................................................................................................... 9

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 CHAPTER 1

PRELIMINARY

1.1 Background
Dengue fever (pronounced /ˈdɛŋgeɪ/ (BrE), /ˈdɛŋgiː/ (AmE)) and dengue hemorrhagic
fever (DHF) are acute febrile diseases, found in the tropics and Africa, and caused by four
closely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae.[1] It is also
known as breakbone fever. The geographical spread is similar to malaria, but unlike
malaria, dengue is often found in urban areas of tropical nations, including Puerto Rico,
Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Pakistan, India, Brazil,
Vietnam, Guyana, Venezuela and Bangladesh. Each serotype is sufficiently different that
there is no cross-protection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes
(hyperendemicity) can occur. Dengue is transmitted to humans by the Aedes aegypti
(rarely Aedes albopictus) mosquito, which feeds during the day.
This is manifested by a sudden onset of severe headache, muscle and joint pains
(myalgias and arthralgias—severe pain gives it the name break-bone fever or bonecrusher
disease), fever, and rash.[3] The dengue rash is characteristically bright red petechiae and
usually appears first on the lower limbs and the chest; in some patients, it spreads to cover
most of the body. There may also be gastritis with some combination of associated
abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
Some cases develop much milder symptoms which can be misdiagnosed as influenza
or other viral infection when no rash is present. Thus travelers from tropical areas may
pass on dengue in their home countries inadvertently, having not been properly diagnosed
at the height of their illness. Patients with dengue can pass on the infection only through
mosquitoes or blood products and only while they are still febrile.
The classic dengue fever lasts about six to seven days, with a smaller peak of fever at
the trailing end of the disease (the so-called biphasic pattern). Clinically, the platelet
count will drop until the patient's temperature is normal.
Cases of DHF also show higher fever, variable haemorrhagic phenomena,
thrombocytopenia, and haemoconcentration. A small proportion of cases lead to dengue
shock syndrome (DSS) which has a high mortality rate.

1.2 Formulation of the Problem

1. What is dengue fever?
2. How are signs and symptoms of dengue fever?
3. What causes of dengue fever?
4. How the impact of dengue fever?
5. Where does case of dengue fever often happen?
6. What is the treatment for dengue fever?
7. Is it possible to prevent dengue fever?

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1.3 Purpose
1. To know what dengue fever is.
2. To know how are signs and symptoms of dengue fever
3. To know causes of dengue fever.
4. To know the impact of dengue fever.
5. To know where does case of dengue fever often happen.
6. To know the treatment for dengue fever.
7. To know how to prevent dengue fever

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 CHAPTER 2
DISCUSSION

2.1 Overview
Dengue fever is a disease spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito and is caused by one
of four dengue viruses. Once you are infected with one of the dengue viruses, you will
develop immunity to that virus for the rest of your life. However, you can still be
infected with the other three viruses. It is possible to get all four dengue viruses in your
lifetime. The viruses that cause dengue fever are related to those that cause yellow fever
and West Nile virus infection.
In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into the life-threatening dengue
hemorrhagic fever, resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma
leakage, or into dengue shock syndrome, where dangerously low blood pressure occurs.

2.2 Dengue Fever symptoma

If you contract dengue fever, symptoms usually begin about four to seven days after
the initial infection. In many cases, symptoms will be mild. They may be mistaken for
symptoms of the flu or another infection. Young children and people who have never
experienced infection may have a milder illness than older children and adults.
Symptoms generally last for about 10 days and can include:
 sudden, high fever (up to 106 degrees Fahrenheit)
 severe headache
 swollen lymph glands
 severe joint and muscle pains
 skin rash (appearing between two and five days after the initial fever)
 mild to severe nausea
 mild to severe vomiting
 mild bleeding from the nose or gums
 mild bruising on the skin
 febrile convulsions

2.3 Dengue Fever Cause

Dengue fever is caused by any one of four types of dengue viruses spread by mosquitoes
that thrive in and near human lodgings. When a mosquito bites a person infected with a
dengue virus, the virus enters the mosquito. When the infected mosquito then bites
another person, the virus enters that person's bloodstream.
After you've recovered from dengue fever, you have immunity to the type of virus that
infected you — but not to the other three dengue fever virus types. The risk of
developing severe dengue fever, also known as dengue hemorrhagic fever, actually
increases if you're infected a second, third or fourth time.

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2.4 Impact of Dengue Fever
There are the impact of dengue fever, namely:
 Blood platelets descrease
 Narrowing of blood vessels
 The risk of laakage in the blood
 Blood out of the body cavity
 Causes blood deficiency
 High risk of death

2.5 Cases of Dengue Fever

An estimated 390 million dengue infections occur worldwide each year, with about 96
million resulting in illness. Most cases occur in tropical areas of the world, with the
greatest risk occurring in:
The Indian subcontinent
Southeast Asia
Southern China
Taiwan
The Pacific Islands
The Caribbean (except Cuba and the Cayman Islands)
Mexico
Africa
Central and South America (except Chile, Paraguay, and Argentina)

Most cases in the United States occur in people who contracted the infection while
traveling abroad. But the risk is increasing for people living along the Texas-Mexico
border and in other parts of the southern United States. In 2009, an outbreak of dengue
fever was identified in Key West, Fla.

2.6 Treatment for Dengue Fever

Because dengue fever is caused by a virus, there are no specific antibiotics to treat it.
Antiviral medications are also not indicated for dengue fever. Home remedies such as
rest and fluid intake (oral rehydration) are important. Pain relievers such as aspirin and
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should only be taken under a doctor's
supervision because of the possibility of worsening bleeding complications.
Patients hospitalized for dengue may receive IV fluids.
Carica papaya leaf extract (papaya leaf) has been shown in several clinical studies to
be an effective treatment for dengue fever.

2.7 The prevention of dengue fever

The prevention of dengue fever requires control or eradication of the mosquitoes
carrying the virus that causes dengue. In nations plagued by dengue fever, people are
urged to empty stagnant water from old tires, trash cans, and flower pots. Governmental

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initiatives to decrease mosquitoes also help to keep the disease in check but have been
poorly effective.
To prevent mosquito bites, wear long pants and long sleeves. For personal protection,
use mosquito-repellant sprays that contain DEET when visiting places where dengue is
endemic. There are no specific risk factors for contracting dengue fever except living in
or traveling to an area where the mosquitoes and virus are endemic. Limiting exposure to
mosquitoes by avoiding standing water and staying indoors for two hours after sunrise
and before sunset will help, as the Aedes aegypti mosquito is a daytime biter with peak
periods of biting around sunrise and sunset. It may bite at any time of the day and is
often hidden inside homes or other dwellings, especially in urban areas.

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 Capter 3
CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion
DHF is a disease caused by dengue virus belonging to arbovirus and enter into
patient's body through bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito which is female. (Suriadi:
2001) The main cause is Arbovirus (Arthropodborn Virus) through the bite of Aedes
mosquitoes (Aedes Albopictus and Aedes Aegepty). The main vectors are Aedes
aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The existence of the vector is related to: · Community
habits to accommodate clean water for daily keperlauan. · Improper environmental
sanitation. · Rare water clearance. DHF can be prevented by routinely doing 3M,
keeping environmental sanitation clean, consuming nutritious foods

3.2 Suggestion
Keeping sanitation healthy and routine doing 3M will prevent us from
contracting DHF virus.

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 Bibliography

https://www.medicinenet.com/dengue_fever/article.htm#what_geographic_areas_are_at_high
_risk_for_contracting_dengue_fever

http://anazurhaini.blogspot.co.id/2014/01/1024x768-normal-0-false-false-false

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dengue-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-
20353078

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengue_fever

https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/dengue-fever-reference#1

http://sfaajournals.net/doi/abs/10.17730/humo.56.1.gw72125m546701wh?code=apan-
site&journalCode=humo