COFLEXIP DRILLING, REFINING

AND ONSHORE DIVISION

FLEXIBLE STEEL PIPES FOR DRILLING AND

SERVICE APPLICATIONS

USER’S GUIDE
Revision 4th July 2002

OFFSHORE BRANCH
 CONTENTS

GENERAL INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

1. DESCRIPTION OF A COFLEXIP FLEXIBLE LINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

1.1 DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE LINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
1.2 NACE COMPATIBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
1.3 END-FITTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
1.3.1 . . . Protection against corrosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
1.3.2 . . . Connectors/Cross-overs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
1.3.3 . . . Terminations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
1.3.4 . . . Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
1.3.5 . . . Handling collar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
1.4 ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
1.4.1 . . . Bend stiffener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
1.4.2 . . . Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
1.4.3 . . . Fire cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
1.5 FLEXIBLE PIPE STRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
1.5.1 . . . Thermoplastic inner liner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
1.5.2 . . . Interlocked "Zeta" layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
1.5.3 . . . Metallic reinforcement of the Zeta layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
1.5.4 . . . Intermediate thermoplastic sheath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
1.5.5 . . . Double cross-wound steel armour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
1.5.6 . . . Thermoplastic outer sheath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
1.5.7 . . . Fire resistant layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
1.5.8 . . . Stainless steel outer-wrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
1.6 MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF COFLEXIP FLEXIBLE LINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
1.7 FAILURE MODES OF COFLEXIP FLEXIBLE LINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

2. GENERAL GUIDELINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

2.1 STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
2.2 HANDLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
2.3 INSTALLATION - CONNECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
2.4 WELDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

3. OPERATING CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

3.1 FLUIDS TO BE TRANSPORTED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
3.1.1 . . . Chemical compatibility of standard temperature rated lines . . . . . . . .16
3.1.2 . . . Chemical compatibility of high temperature rated lines . . . . . . . . . . .17
3.1.3 . . . Exposure of high temperature rated lines to C02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
3.1.4 . . . Chemical compatibility of acid (HDPE) lines (former design) . . . . . . . .18
3.1.5 . . . Sour service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
3.1.6 . . . Flow rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
 3.2 TEMPERATURE RATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
3.2.1 . . . Standard temperature rated line (-20°C to + 100°C / -4°F to + 212°F) . .19
3.2.2 . . . High temperature rated Line (-20°C to +130°C / -4°F to +266°F) . . .19
3.2.3 . . . Acidizing/fracturing lines (- 20°C to + 65°C / - 4°F to + 149°F) . . . . .20
3.3 PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
3.3.1 . . . Rated working pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
3.3.2 . . . OEM test pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

4. LIFETIME OF DRILLING AND SERVICE APPLICATION FLEXIBLE LINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

5. REPAIR OF FLEXIBLE LINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

6. INSPECTION AND TESTING OF LINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

6.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
6.2 ROUTINE VISUAL INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
6.2.1 . . . External inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
6.2.2 . . . Internal inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
6.3 FULL INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
6.4 MANUFACTURER'S INSPECTION - MAJOR SURVEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
6.5 FIELD PRESSURE TESTING (OPTIONAL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
6.6 FULL PRESSURE TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
6.7 RECORDING OF INSPECTIONS AND TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
6.8 PERIODICITY OF INSPECTIONS AND TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
6.9 UNUSED LINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
6.10 BEND TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

7. CHOKE AND KILL LINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

7.1 DEFINITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
7.1.1 . . . Cement Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
7.2 SOUR SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
7.3 COMPLETION FLUIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
7.4 VENTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
7.5 PERIODICITY OF FIELD TESTING AND INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
7.5.1 . . . After installation pressure test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
7.5.2 . . . Routine visual inspection (Section 6 - Para 6.2.1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
7.5.3 . . . Full inspection (Section 6 - Para 6.3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
7.5.4 . . . Manufacturer's inspection - major survey (Section 6 - Para. 6.4) . . . . .28
7.5.5 . . . Field pressure testing (optional) (Section 6 - Para. 6.5) . . . . . . . . . . . .28
7.5.6 . . . Subsea (BOP stack) Choke and Kill lines: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
8. TEST LINE APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
8.1 "DST" AND "PTL" LINES DEFINITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
8.2 SOUR SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
8.3 VENTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
8.4 PERIODICITY OF FIELD TESTING AND INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
8.4.1 . . . After installation pressure test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
8.4.2 . . . Routine external visual inspection (Section 6 - Para 6.2) . . . . . . . . . . .30
8.4.3 . . . Full inspection (Section 6 - Para 6.3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
8.4.4 . . . Manufacturer's inspection - Major survey (Section 6 - Para 6.4) . . . . .30

9. ACIDIZING AND FRACTURING LINE APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

9.1 DEFINITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
9.1.1 . . . Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
9.1.2 . . . Well service operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
9.1.3 . . . Dynamic operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
9.1.4 . . . Static operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
9.2 SOUR SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
9.3 VENTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
9.4 PERIODICITY OF FIELD TESTING AND INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
9.4.1 . . . Flushing of the lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
9.4.2 . . . Routine external visual inspection (Section 6 - Para. 6.2) . . . . . . . . . .32
9.4.3 . . . After installation pressure test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
9.4.4 . . . Full inspection (section 6 - para. 6.3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
9.4.5 . . . Manufacturer's inspection - Major survey (section 6 - Para. 6.4) . . . . .32

10. DRAG CHAIN OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

10.1 DEFINITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
10.2 PERIODICITY OF FIELD TESTING AND INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
10.2.1 . . After platform installation and hook up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
10.2.2 . . Routine visual inspection (section 6 Para. 6.2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
10.2.3 . . Yearly test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

11. SUMMARY OF INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

 GENERAL INTRODUCTION

T
his copy of the "Coflexip DRILLING AND SERVICE APPLICATIONS USER'S GUIDE"
(hereinafter referred to as “the Guide”) is revision 4 of the guide originally issued in
1989 revised in September 1990, and 1993.

The main differences from revision 3 are an up-date of the product characteristics and
compatibility charts made possible by the on-going tests performed as part of the Coflexip
policy of continual research into the safe application of flexible pipes.

Coflexip recognises the fact that the majority of our clients have used Coflexip drilling
application products for many years and have therefore built up a great deal of
experience in their use. It follows therefore that much of the information contained in this
Guide is intended primarily for those clients who are not familiar with the use of Coflexip
products

For the purpose of this document, “End User” shall mean a person, a
company, its and their co-contractors, co-lessees and joint ventures, its and
their contractors and subcontractors of any tier, its and their respective
affiliates, and its and their respective officers and employees, including
agency personnel (but shall not include any member of the Technip-Coflexip
Group), who purchase, transport, handle, package, use or work with the
Coflexip products as described in this Guide.

Coflexip relies on the feedback of all End Users to ensure the continued reliability of our
products and to act as the basis for research into the flexible pipes of the future. We
therefore welcome any comments on both the flexible pipes themselves and User's Guides
such as this guide specifically written for Drilling and Service Applications.

In producing the Guide, we have attempted to cover all aspects of both the design and
safe use of our drilling and service application flexibles in normal, current applications.
We are always available to answer questions from End Users. Any questions should be
directed towards your local Coflexip office listed in the last chapter of the Guide.

COFLEXIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATION ON WARRANTY IN CONNECTION

WITH ITS DRILLING APPLICATION PRODUCTS SAVE AS EXPRESSLY AGREED
WITH THE END USER(S) IN A DOCUMENT EXECUTED BY COFLEXIP AND THE
END USER.

All information and data contained herein are subject to change without further notice,
and are to be considered as RECOMMENDATIONS in general or INSTRUCTIONS (when
stated in the text) by the OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) only.

This document can be viewed and downloaded from our website at :

http://www.coflexip.com/pdf/users_guide.pdf

5
1. DESCRIPTION OF A COFLEXIP FLEXIBLE LINE

This paragraph will discuss the construction of a typical Coflexip flexible line and, according
to the pipe construction, present the failure modes that might be caused by a possible
misuse of the equipment.
As shown in Figure 1, a typical Coflexip line is composed of:

• A length of flexible pipe

• Two end-fittings complete with handling collars
• Integral connectors
• Optional stiffeners
• Identification collars

Fig 1

1.1 DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE LINES

All Coflexip Drilling Applications flexible pipes are designed in accordance with API 16C
which is the only specific reference/regulation existing for Choke and Kill lines and/or API 7K
for Rotary lines. Some of the API 16C requirements don’t apply to other applications where
our lines can be used (Acid/frac lines for example) when the resistance to H2S is not an
issue; on the other hand all of our lines supplied for Choke and Kill applications are fully
compliant with API 16C.

1.2 NACE COMPATIBILITY

• End-fittings : All steel materials used in the manufacture of a Coflexip end-fitting meet the
requirements of NACE MR-01–75.
• Steel wires : The carbon steel wires used for the Zeta, reinforcement wire and armour
layers meet the NACE requirements in force at manufacturing date. The present steel
wires have been tested according to TM 0284 and TM 0177 – 1996.

1.3 END-FITTINGS
The end-fitting itself consists of the following :
• The termination which ensures the seal and the mechanical attachment of the end-fitting
to the flexible pipe.
• The connector to allow the connection of the end-fitting to any other compatible
connector.
6
1.3.1 Protection against corrosion
• All steel materials used in the manufacture of a Coflexip end-fitting meet the requirements
of NACE MR-01–75.
• Coating protection of the end-fitting.
The whole surface, both inside and outside of a standard end-fitting is protected against
corrosion, wear, abrasion and handling by a Nikaflex® coating.
The adhesion of the coating to the underlying steel is essential for the long term integrity
of the protection. Various heat treatments are applicable for Nikaflex® coated parts to
improve that property. Coflexip has selected the most effective process which is a long
duration, high temperature heat treatment conducted between 600°C to 650°C (1112° to
1202°F) for 10 hours. This process ensures diffusion of the coating into the steel, thus
avoiding any possible scaling of the protection.
The Nikaflex® coating bears the following properties:
• The surface hardness of the coating is about 400 to 450 HV, in the range of most
hardened steels, and this improves the end-fitting resistance against corrosion, wear,
abrasion and handling. In particular, the end-fitting will resist long term exposure to
internal flow of abrasive fluids.
• The inner coating is 75 µ thick; a visual inspection of the inner bore of the end-fitting
showing that the coating is still present indicates the satisfactory integrity of those end-
fitting parts subjected to the internal flow conditions. If the coating is damaged or
cracked, traces of corrosion and rust may be visible and a complementary inspection
should be completed.
• The Nikaflex® coating is highly resistant against corrosion from marine atmosphere, sea-
water and to H2S/C02 gases or other corrosive fluids which might be transported by the
line.

1.3.2 Connectors
The end-fittings can be supplied with most types of connectors, the most common being API
hubs (formerly "CIW hubs"), hammer unions and API flanges. Generally the connectors are
integral parts of the end-fitting avoiding butt-welding (with some exceptions for non-standard
connectors).
However, when used, the welding process is always completed BEFORE end-fitting mounting.
Some restrictions on the type of connector used may apply e.g. API 16C does not allow the
use of threaded connectors for choke and kill applications. Similarly it is not a Coflexip
practice to fit a connector which has a higher pressure rating than the flexible pipe itself.

1.3.3 Terminations
The termination will ensure the following functions :
• Mechanical attachment to the flexible pipe which will resist against internal pressure,
traction, torsion,
• Provides seal against inner effluent,
• Provides seal against outer environment,
• Mechanical attachment of the outer stainless steel carcass.

1.3.4 Marking
The termination bears a permanent marking indicating :
• Manufacturer (*)
• Serial number of the line
7
 • Internal diameter of the line (Inches)
• Application (*)
• Working pressure (WP bar or psi) of the line which is always inferior or equal to the
maximum design pressure of the line structure
• Length of the line - face to face from one connector to the other (metres or feet)
• Date of the factory pressure test
• If applicable, a stamp of a certifying authority
• For repaired lines see section 5
(*) This information was optional before second quarter of 1990

Repaired lines
If the line has been repaired by the mounting of a new end-fitting, it will bear the same
marking as above, but the serial number of the line is changed on that end-fitting. Length
and date of the factory pressure test are revised values marked on the new end-fitting.
Although optional before the second quarter of 1990, Coflexip recommends that the type of
application be stamped where the information is missing, using the abbreviated classification
as follows. In case of doubt, please contact the nearest Coflexip office.

From the second quarter of 1990, the end-termination bears a revised marking as follows :
Manufacturer
• Serial number of the line
• Internal diameter of the line (Inches)
• Line application abbreviated as follows :
C/K : Choke and Kill CEM : Cement
PTL : Production Test Line ACD : Acidizing/Fracturing
DST : Drill stem test

This User’s Guide only applies to the applications shown above. Coflexip manufactures a
wide range of other products not covered by this document.

• Line length (in metres (m) or feet (ft))

• Working pressure (WP bar or psi)
• Test pressure (TP bar or psi)
• Temperature range (continuous service : See section 3.2)
• The stamped test pressure is the OEM.TP (Original Equipment Manufacturer Test Pressure)
• Date of the factory pressure test (month/year)
• If applicable, a stamp of a certifying authority when required
(For lines repaired by end-fitting replacement, see section 5)

Example of marking
COFLEXIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Manufacturer
TR 95314.01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Serial number
3’’ - C/K - 18.3 M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I.D./Application/Length
WP 15000 psi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Working Pressure
TP 22500 psi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Test Pressure
TEMP : -20/+130°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Temperature range
02/2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Test date (month/year)
Any inquiry regarding the construction of the line and its end-fittings should refer to the
serial number through which Coflexip can trace the relevant information..
8
1.3.5 Handling collar
A groove in the end-termination is fitted with a rotating handling collar with two symmetrical
pad-eyes.
This collar is designed to allow for safe handling of the flexible pipe. It Is not designed to
handle any other equipment which might be attached to the connectors.
This collar is NOT designed for lifting more than the weight of the flexible itself.

 INSTRUCTION : For long lines (acidizing lines for example), typically lines longer than 25m
(80'), the End User should refer to Coflexip for advice on limitations in the use of the standard
handling collars. Special collars can be designed for specific needs.
For further details on Acidizing Applications see Section 9.

1.4 ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT

1.4.1 Bend stiffener

Figure 2

The bend stiffener is an additional device mounted on the flexible pipe during its
manufacturing (see figure 2 above). It increases the local bending stiffness in the region of
the end-fitting, producing a smoother transition from the end-fitting to the flexible pipe
structure.
The bend stiffener is optional on most flexible pipes. It will allow the flexible pipe to better
resist overbending: flexure damaging strength is increased by a factor of x3 when using this
device.
Made out of polyurethane, it is intrinsically
resistant to corrosion.
During the external inspection, check that the
bend-stiffener is properly tightened on the end-
fitting and is free of damage and cracks.

1.4.2 Adapters/Cross-Overs
Adapters/Cross-Overs can be supplied if the End
User needs to connect his flexible pipe to different
or non standard connectors. These adapters are
typically 0.3 metres or one foot long depending on
the I.D. and rating.
Represented is an API Hub / Weco® adapter

9
 1.4.3 Fire cover
As for the flexible pipe itself, it may occasionally be necessary, due to the working
environment, for lines to include a greater degree of fire protection than standard. For such
operating conditions, additional fire protection covers may be installed over the end-fitting
assemblies.

1.5 FLEXIBLE PIPE STRUCTURE

A typical Coflexip flexible pipe structure, for high pressure applications is shown in Figure 3 below.
This construction is known as a "non-bonded" structure.
From the inside out it is composed of the following :

1 Thermoplastic inner liner

2 Aramid tape
3 Zeta spiral
4 Flat steel spiral
5 Thermoplastic intermediate sheath
6 Cross-wound tensile armours
7 Thermoplastic external sheath
8 Outer-wrap interlocked steel carcass

Figure 3. Typical drilling application flexible pipe

1.5.1 Thermoplastic inner liner

The thermoplastic inner liner makes the pipe leak-proof. This layer limits the upper service
temperature of the line and the chemical compatibility to the various fluids which may be
transported through the line. Various plastic materials are used to manufacture the inner
liner, depending upon the service application of the line. This liner can be reinforced by
aramide tapes depending on the application.
1.5.2 Interlocked "Zeta" layer
This layer takes the hoop stress due to internal pressure and external crushing loads.
The crushing resistance of a Coflexip line is similar to that of an API rigid pipe designed to
withstand the same internal pressure. However, accidental crushing might damage the outer
stainless steel wrap and reduce the lifetime of the line.
It is the interlocking of the Zeta layer which will limit the bending radius of the line. If this
limit is exceeded, irreversible damage to the flexible line will occur leading to perforation of
the inner liner when under pressure.
1.5.3 Metallic reinforcement of the Zeta layer
If necessary for extreme high pressure, the Zeta layer is reinforced by a flat steel layer which
is not interlocked.
1.5.4 Intermediate thermoplastic sheath
This sheath is a thin anti-friction layer which improves the dynamic behaviour of the line.
This layer is not leak-proof.

10
1.5.5 Double cross-wound steel armour
The double cross-wound steel armour wires will resist axial load caused by internal pressure,
or external axial loads. It is also this layer which provides the flexible line with its resistance
to torsion.
1.5.6 Thermoplastic outer sheath
This layer is leak-proof.
It will both :
• Protect the armour wires against corrosion and
• Protect the line against hydrostatic external pressure if the line is used subsea, as on LMRP
BOP (Lower Marine Riser Package Blowout Preventer) stacks.
(note that test lines are vented through this outer layer and may not therefore be used subsea).

1.5.7 Fire resistant layer

For certain installations, e.g. permanently installed well control lines on fixed production
platforms, it may be a requirement for essential service flexibles such as choke and kill lines,
to be operable under fire conditions for long periods. The inclusion of a fire resistant layer
installed after production of the standard pipe gives a working time at 700°C (1,292°F) and
full working pressure, well in excess of 30 minutes. This layer is non-standard and would be
the subject of a special order. Refer also to section 1.2 - Para. 1.4.3 for end-fitting fire
protection.
1.5.8 Stainless steel outer-wrap
The stainless steel outer-wrap (carcass) protects the thermoplastic outer sheath against
mechanical damage caused by using the line in a harsh environment (impacts, wear,
handling, etc.).
This layer does not contribute directly to the mechanical resistance of the line.
However, significant damage to this layer may lead to subsequent damage to the
thermoplastic outer sheath causing either:
• Corrosion of the armour wires, and/or
• Collapse of the inner tube for subsea lines.

1.6 MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF COFLEXIP FLEXIBLE LINES

By design, a Coflexip flexible line is extremely resistant to :
• Internal pressure
Dimensional changes under pressure are very limited ; typical values are :
• Relative elongation at design pressure 0.15 to 0.25 %
• Relative outer diameter change at design pressure < 0.25 %
The line is extremely stable under pressure. In particular, if bent it will not tend to straighten
under pressure. No significant twist will occur. It will not pulsate or whip during high flow
rate circulation.
• Tensile Forces
Resistance to pulling forces ranges from about 50,000 daN for 2" ID to more than 100,000
daN for 3" ID (50 to 100 tons or 100,000 to 200,000 lbs).

WARNING : You must be aware that a Coflexip flexible can be stronger than some of the
pipework to which it is connected and that it will rarely be the "weak point" of a system.

11
 • Crushing
The crushing resistance of Coflexip flexible pipes is similar to that of an API rigid pipe of
the same design pressure
• Bending
The line is resistant to bending, including frequent or continuous flexure with the
imperative condition that the minimum bending radius is not exceeded.

In COFLEXIP's documents, the minimum bending radius is abbreviated as MBR.

Figure 4

The minimum bending radius is an extremely important characteristic of a flexible steel line.
As a rule of thumb, the minimum bending radius is roughly equal to :
MBR = 12 x ID (ID : inner diameter of the line).
Example : If ID = 3" then MBR = 12 X 0.076 = 0.92 metre or 12 x 3 = 36", i.e. 3 ft.
For specific DRAG CHAIN applications, the MBR for installed use is 1.1 x the storage MBR,
as defined on the relevant data sheet.
The accurate value of the MBR is part of the technical specification of the flexible line.

1.7 FAILURE MODES OF COFLEXIP FLEXIBLE LINES

Coflexip flexible steel lines are extremely reliable due to :
• The design of the product ;
• The use of the highest standards applicable ;
• The use of the highest quality raw materials ;
• The COFLEXIP quality assurance system.
However, misuse might damage the line, and you must be aware that four main failure
modes can occur :
• Corrosion of the armour wires - If the outer thermoplastic sheath is damaged,
corrosion of the steel armour wires will occur. This will progressively reduce the thickness
of the wires, causing a progressive decrease of the burst pressure.
This failure mode may cause the line to burst catastrophically.

12
• Bending - If the minimum bending radius is exceeded, the Zeta layer may open ; in
which case, the inner tube is not properly supported and perforation will occur under
pressure.
Overbending generally occurs due to mishandling during installation.
Particular attention must be paid at this time to the first metre or few feet of flexible pipe
immediately behind each termination.
An optional bend stiffener is available on request to improve the pipe's resistance to such
overbending.
This failure mode may cause the line to burst.
Figure 5 shows how overbending may be caused, whether or not the line is under internal
pressure

Figure 5

• Ageing of the inner liner - The mechanical properties of the inner liner can be
affected by ageing. This phenomenon causes the degradation of the long thermoplastic
molecules and may be due to :
• Long exposure to high temperature, exceeding the maximum rated temperature ;
• Exposure of the internal surfaces to incompatible chemicals.
The degradation of the material could make it brittle and the tube may break when bent
with or without internal pressure, leading to a leakage.
This failure mode can result in a burst or more often in a high pressure leak.

• Collapse of the inner liner - If damaged, the outer sheath may not be leak-proof. For
subsea lines, the external hydrostatic pressure will be applied on to the inner liner which
may collapse. This can lead to the rupture of the liner and failure of the line.
This failure mode may cause the line to burst.

13
2. GENERAL GUIDELINES

2.1 STORAGE
• Storage in general does not require specific precautions regarding the environment or
duration of storage.
• Depending on length, the best ways to store a line are either :
• In a straight line (up to 6 metre or 20 ft long) ;
• Coiled to its MBR, attached to a wooden pallet or crate ;
• Installed in a DRAG CHAIN prior to hook-up and start of operations.
• Coflexip flexible lines are shipped with protection on the connectors.

 INSTRUCTION : A similar protection should be reinstalled when the line is disconnected. It

may consist of a metallic blind flange that fits the connection - which is preferable, or of a
good wooden protection.
This protection must ensure that :
The inner bore of the line is closed to avoid accidental intrusion of any foreign material ;
The connector, especially the seal area, is properly protected against impacts, etc.

 INSTRUCTION : If stored below minimum rated temperature, ensure that no handling is

done before the line is brought back to the minimum rated temperature.

 INSTRUCTION : The inner bore of a Coflexip line should be thoroughly flushed with fresh
water prior to long term storage.

2.2 HANDLING
 INSTRUCTION : Only qualified and trained personnel should handle flexible lines such as
those manufactured by Coflexip . Whilst we make every effort to assist End Users whenever
possible on the methods of handling to be deployed , the final decision on the best methods
for local conditions and capacities rests with End Users or their appointed agents , either of
whom should have their own procedures for such handling operations.
Any rigging should be suitably adapted to the specific flexible line in question , as
mishandling can be dangerous to operators , surrounding personnel , equipment and
property.
The line must never be bent below the minimum bend radius, as this may damage it.
• As a rule of thumb, the minimum bend radius is equal to :
MBR = 12 x ID
The accurate value of the MBR of the line is part of the technical characteristics of the
Coflexip structure and will have been supplied to the original End User : it can be obtained
from the nearest Coflexip office.
The minimum bend radius (MBR) must be respected at all times, whether the line is under
pressure or not.
User should avoid bending the flexible just behind the end-fitting. As a rule of thumb, a
straight length of about 0.6 to 0.9metre (2 to 3 feet) should be used as a safety distance.
See section 1.7 - FAILURE MODES OF Coflexip FLEXIBLE LINES
The use of wire ropes or chains may damage the anti-corrosion treatment of the end-
fitting. If so required, use a shackle connected through the eye of the handling collar.
Never use wire ropes or chains directly against the stainless steel outer-wrap. If force needs
to be applied to the body of the flexible line itself, use soft slings.
• Moving flexible line on the ground

14
 • Do not attach slings directly to the end-fitting - use the handling collar provided. Always
connect slings to both eyes in order to have the pulling force in a straight line through the
main axis of the flexible pipe.
• Prevent abrasion of the flexible line against the ground; use wooden supports or planks.
• If a forklift has to be used to lift a flexible line, soft slings must be used to prevent damage,
and to prevent the flexible line from falling off the forks (see Coflexip Handling Guide
inside cover). End User assumes all responsibility for essential Safety precautions
to avoid injury or death in connection with these operations.

2.3 INSTALLATION - CONNECTION

The preferred installation for a Coflexip
flexible line is with the pipe positioned in a J or
U configuration, with the end-fittings pointing
up in a vertical position. See fig. 6
If, due to the rig equipment, this configuration
is not feasible, special care must be taken
when securing a non-vertical connection so
that overbending behind the end-fitting is
avoided.

Connection of the flexible line to other

pipework requires :
• Supporting the weight of both the end-fitting
Figure 6
and the line ;
• Correct alignment of the end-fitting.

 INSTRUCTION : The best way to achieve this is to

support the weight of the line through the use of
the handling collar, then control the alignment with
a non-metallic rope or sling attached about 0.9
metre (3 feet) behind the end-fitting. See below:

Never do the reverse, i.e. :

• Do not support the weight immediately behind
the end-fitting ;
• Do not align the line from the end-fitting itself.

2.4 WELDING
A flexible steel line is a mixed construction of steels
and thermoplastics. It must be recognised that
because of the heat diffusion that occurs during
any welding process, the thermoplastic layers may
suffer irreversible damage leading to an unsafe
line. When used, welding processes are only
completed during the original manufacturing Figure 7
process of the line at a stage where the operation
cannot affect the other components.
Consequently, any field welding repair of a flexible line, involving either the end-fitting
(including the stainless steel ring groove) or the stainless steel outer carcass, will render the
line unsafe and unusable. Such lines will must be withdrawn from service and stamped
"NOT-REUSABLE".

15
3 OPERATING CONDITIONS

Although similar in appearance, the construction of Coflexip lines for different drilling
applications such as Choke and Kill lines, Acid lines or Test lines differ significantly.

 INSTRUCTION : These lines must never be used for any purpose other than the original for
which the line was supplied and which is stamped on the end-fitting identification collar (see
section 1.3). In case of doubt, contact the nearest Coflexip office for information on
guidelines to be respected.

3.1 FLUIDS TO BE TRANSPORTED

Generally, all kinds of drilling muds and oil production fluids, or chemical additives may be
transported through flexible lines depending upon the applications. The compatibility tables
included in this Guide give an indication on the behaviour of the liners with most common
chemicals.
Due to the number of chemicals used, often in concentrated forms, and the infinite number
of possible combinations, it is virtually impossible to guarantee the behaviour of our
products in all circumstances.

 INSTRUCTION : In case of doubt please contact the nearest Coflexip office.

All components of the end-fittings in contact with the inner fluids are adequately protected
against corrosion.
In most cases it is the internal liner made of thermoplastics that will limit the chemical
compatibility of the flexible line. They are different for :
• Standard temperature rated line (-20°C to +100°C / -4 to +212°F)
or
• High temperature rated line (-20°C to +130C / -4 to 266°F)
or
• Acid line (H.D.P.E.) (-20°C to +65°C / -4 to +149°F). (Former designs, no longer in
production i.e. typically pre-1998 although some later examples may have been
supplied).

Tables I, II and III give a limited list of the different chemicals relevant for drilling and service
applications and their effects on the flexible line. In case of doubt, contact the nearest
COFLEXIP office.
3.1.1 Chemical compatibility of standard temperature rated lines
The inner lining of these lines is made of RILSAN®, which is a grade of polyamide II
material.
It must be noted that Standard Temperature Rated lines (-20°C to + 100°C / -4°F to
+212°F) are not designed to handle any acidified effluents and/or heavy metallic salts such
as zinc or calcium bromides.
See Table I.

16
 TABLE I
Chemical compatibility of standard temperature rated lines.
Exposure resistance of RILSAN® inner lining at given temperature ranges.
Concentration or 0°F 75° F 150° F 200° F 250° F
Exposure Time -18°C 24° C 66° C 93° C 121° C
Hydrochloric acid HCl 15% F F F F F
30% F F F F F
Hydrofluoric acid HF 3% F F F F F
7,5% F F F F F
Xylene C6 H4 (CH3)2 100% S S S S NR
Methanol CH30H 100% S S L NR NR
Zinc bromide ZnBr2 saturated F F F F F
Calcium Bromide CaBr2 saturated L L L L L
Calcium chloride CaCl2 saturated S S L L L
Methane CH4 100% S S S S L
Diesel 100% S S S S L
Crude oil 100% S S S S L
Sodium hydroxide NaOH 50% S L NR NR NR
Hydrogen sulphide H2S < 20% S S S S L
(pure gas)
Hydrogen sulphide H2S < 20% L* L* L* L* L*
(condensate)
Water Presence S* S* S* L* F
S : Satisfactory NR : Not Recommended L : Limited use F : Forbidden
* The PH value of the fluid may greatly influence the behaviour of Rilsan® inner lining.

3.1.2 Chemical compatibility of high temperature rated lines

The inner lining of these flexible lines is made of COFLON®, a fluorinated thermoplastic:
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) material.
See Table II.
TABLE II
Chemical compatibility of high temperature rated lines.
Exposure resistance of COFLON® inner lining at given temperature ranges.
Concentration or 0°F 75° F 150° F 200° F 250° F
Exposure Time -18°C 24° C 66° C 93° C 121° C
Hydrochloric acid HCl 15% S S S S S
30% S S S S S
Hydrofluoric acid HF 3% S S S S S
7,5% S S S S S
Xylene C6 H4 (CH3)2 100% S S S S S
Methanol CH30H 100% S S S S S
Zinc bromide ZnBr2 saturated S S S S S
Calcium Bromide CaBr2 saturated S S S S S
Calcium chloride CaCl2 saturated S S S S S
Methane CH4 100% S S S S S
Diesel 100% S S S S S
Crude oil 100% S S S S S
Sodium hydroxide NaOH 50% S S L NR NR
Hydrogen sulphide H2S < 20% S S S S S
S : Satisfactory NR : Not Recommended L : Limited use F : Forbidden
17
 3.1.3 Exposure of high temperature rated lines to C02
Under certain conditions, exposure to relatively high concentrations of C02 can lead to
damage of the COFLON® liner. For this reason, the following limitations are to be
respected :
PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .TEMPERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . .FLUID CONDITIONS
1035 bar/15,000 psi . . . . . . . . . . .130°C (+266°F) . . . . . . . . . . .C02 + H2S < 10 %
690 bar/10,000 psi . . . . . . . . . . . .130°C (+266°F) . . . . . . . . . . .C02 + H2S < 30 %
690 bar/10,000 psi . . . . . . . . . . . .110°C (+230°F) . . . . . . . . . . .C02 + H2S < 50 %
3.1.4 Chemical compatibility of acid (HDPE) lines (former design)
The inner lining of these flexibles is made of high or medium density polyethylene (HDPE)
which is a polyolefinic material. (no longer used as an inner lining in standard production
flexibles)
See Table III following.
TABLE III
Chemical compatibility of acid (HDPE) lines.
Esposure resistance of HDPE inner lining at given temperature ranges.
Concentration or 0°F 75° F 150° F 200° F 250° F
Exposure Time -18°C 24° C 66° C 93° C 121° C
Hydrochloric acid HCl 15% S S S F F
30% S S S F F
Hydrofluoric acid HF 3% S S L F F
7,5% S S L F F
Xylene C6 H4 (CH3)2 100% S S L F F
Methanol CH30H 100% S S S F F
Zinc bromide ZnBr2 saturated S S S F F
Calcium Bromide CaBr2 saturated S S S F F
Calcium chloride CaCl2 saturated S S S F F
Methane CH4 100% S S L F F
Diesel 100% S S L F F
Crude oil 100% S S L F F
Sodium hydroxide NaOH 50% S S S F F
Hydrogen sulphide H2S < 20% S S S F F

S : Satisfactory L : Limited use F : Forbidden

3.1.5 Sour service

All components of the end-fittings and of the flexible pipe, in contact with the inner fluids,
meet NACE-MR-01-75 – edition 2001.
As well as those internal surfaces which come into direct contact with the inner flow, due to
gas diffusion, some other flexible pipe components may be in contact with low
concentrations of sour gas. The carbon steel wires used for the Zeta, reinforcement wire and
armour layers meet the NACE requirements in force at manufacturing date. The wires used
at present have been tested according to TM 0284 and TM 0177 – 1996
Depending upon the application, Coflexip pipes are classified either:
• Permanent sour service, or
• Temporary sour service
See sections 7 to 10 for the different applications of Coflexip pipes. In case of doubt, contact
the nearest COFLEXIP office.

18
3.1.6 Flow rates
The maximum continuous flowrate for all smooth bore i.e. thermoplastic inner sheathed
lines, is 15 metres per second. Many lines, particularly those for acidizing / fracturing
applications, have been subjected to flow-rates well in excess of this figure for relatively short
periods of time without any damage being sustained. This is entirely dependent on the
abrasive properties of the flow medium, therefore maximum short term flow-rates cannot be
quantified for all flow conditions. Extreme flow rates and abrasive fluids can cause erosion in
the end-fittings. It is common practice to change the end-fittings when these show severe
scoring or pitting. Experience has shown that for those types of lines subjected to severe
abrasive conditions (fracturing operations), the end-fittings can be replaced twice before the
flexible pipe itself should be considered not fit for further use.

3.2 TEMPERATURE RATINGS

3.2.1 Standard temperature rated line (-20°C to + 100°C / -4°F to + 212°F)

• Continuous service
Standard Coflexip Choke and Kill lines are designed for -20°C to +100° C / -4°F to
+212°F continuous service, with no time limit (within the lifetime of the whole line).
• Higher temporary service temperature
Standard Coflexip flexible pipes may be used up to +130°/+266°F, maximum
temperature of the transported fluids for a maximum of one month, continuous or
cumulative service.
Lines exposed to temperatures higher than +100°C / +212°F but no more than +130°C
/ +266°F for continuous or cumulative service of 1 month must be removed from service
and stamped not reusable following this exposure.
• Survival conditions
All Coflexip flexible lines (C/K, DST, PTL) are designed to resist to +160°C / +320°F
maximum inner temperature of the contained fluids for a duration in excess of one hour.
A copy of the qualification test report is available upon request from all COFLEXIP sales
offices.
Standard temperature rated Coflexip flexible lines are deemed not reusable for further
service after sustaining a temperature above the temporary rating of +130°C / +266°F.
Lines exposed to temperature higher than +130°C / +266°F must be removed from
service, properly stamped not reusable, and replaced by a new line.
3.2.2 High temperature rated Line (-20°C to +130°C / -4°F to +266°F)
• Continuous service
High temperature rated flexible pipes are designed for -20°C to +130°C (-4°F to +266°F)
continuous service, with no time limit (within the lifetime of the whole line).
Note : Under certain fluid conditions, there may be limitations on pressure and/or
temperature ratings. (Refer to section 3, Para. 3.1.3).
• Higher temporary service temperature
High temperature rated flexible pipes are not designed for a higher temperature than the
maximum continuous temperature rating.
• Survival conditions
All Coflexip flexible lines are designed to resist to +160°C (+320°F) maximum inner
temperature of the contained fluid for a duration in excess of one hour. A copy of the
qualification test report is available upon request from all COFLEXIP sales offices.
High temperature rated Coflexip flexible lines are deemed not reusable for further service
after sustaining a temperature above the continuous rating of +130°C (+266°F). Lines
exposed to temperatures higher than +130°C (+266°F) must be removed from service,
properly stamped not reusable, and replaced by a new line.

19
 3.2.3 Acidizing/fracturing lines (- 20°C to + 65°C / - 4°F to + 149°F)
Coflexip HDPE acidizing/fracturing lines are designed for -–20°C to +65°C (-4°F to
+149°F) continuous service, without time limit (within the lifetime of the whole line). As
acidizing/fracturing lines are normally only used to pump into well formations, it is unlikely
that there will be the requirement to operate lines at temperatures higher than ambient and
for this reason there are no other temperature ranges, temporary or survival. These lines are
not designed for flowing produced well fluids.
Coflexip COFLON® Acidizing lines have the same temperature limitations as the high
temperature rated lines (see section 3.2.2).

3.3 PRESSURE

3.3.1 Rated working pressure

The working pressure stamped on the end-fitting must be understood as the maximum
operating pressure to which the line may be permanently subjected.
It Is not the manufacturer's responsibility to define allowances for eventual surges that may
occur through the lines. We insist that Users acquaint themselves with guidelines,
specifications, or limitations issued by Certifying Authorities or regulatory bodies.

3.3.2 OEM test pressure

All new Coflexip flexible lines are pressure tested at the factory prior to supply. Test pressures
are as follows :
WP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .OEM. TP
345 bar/5,000 psi . . . . . . . . .690 bar/10,000 psi
690 bar/10,000 psi . . . . . . .1035 bar/15,000 psi
1035 bar/15,000 psi . . . . . .1550 bar/22,500 psi
Test duration : all factory pressure tests last a minimum of 24 hours after stabilisation at
ambient temperature. Note : the standard COFLEXIP FAT (Factory Acceptance Test) is well in
excess of the minimum requirement of API 16C.

20
4. LIFETIME OF DRILLING AND SERVICE APPLICATION FLEXIBLE LINES

Coflexip flexible lines utilised for drilling and service applications are designed for twenty
(20) years life in dynamic service condition . This design life is based on lines operating for
their intended service, within their rated temperature range, fluid compatibility and allowable
bending radius.
However, because of the many disparate factors affecting the service life of individual flexible
lines, including extreme weather conditions, mishandling and abuse, incorrect installation
and storage, frequency of exposure to extremes of temperature and pressure, improper care
and maintenance, use of incompatible fluids, etc. it is not possible to predict accurately the
service life of any individual flexible line.
The designation of a "design life" should not be relied upon as a prediction or warranty of
the life of a particular flexible line, nor should purchasers and Users of Coflexip flexible lines
rely upon this design life in lieu of proper installation, care, maintenance, storage,
recommended inspections, handling, manipulations, repairs when necessary and other
requirements and precautions recommended by Coflexip in the User's Guide.
The design life is not intended to, and will not extend, modify or alter in any manner the
expressed warranty or other conditions of sale given by Coflexip as expressly agreed in
writing with the End User, nor shall the design life convey any expressed or implied
warranties of “merchantability”, fitness for a particular purpose or any warranties except
those expressly made in the "General Conditions of Sale". Coflexip MAKES NO
REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY SAVE AS EXPRESSLY AGREED IN WRITING WITH END
USER.

 INSTRUCTION : Flexible lines removed from service upon expiration of the service life
should be stamped "NOT REUSABLE" or preferably cut into pieces.

Any line which reaches 20 years since its OEM pressure test , and which continues to
function correctly , should be returned to Coflexip for investigation and recommendation on
its continued use.
During this 20 year period , it is probable that a considerable number of design changes
will have been made , and regulations or recommendations on the use of any particular
application are likely to have changed : a combination of these factors may make it
impossible to recommend any further use of a particular line .

21
5. REPAIR OF FLEXIBLE LINES

As a result of periodic inspections, or "in field" observations, damage may be noticed and
require repair.
The following parts of a flexible line may be repaired at a convenient COFLEXIP facility,
depending upon the degree of the damage :
• Serviceable parts of end-fitting, including handling collar, rear locking nut attachment of
the external carcass ;
• Stainless steel outer carcass ;
• Outer plastic sheath underneath the carcass.
For significant damage, such as overbent lines, the repair may consist of mounting a new
end-fitting(s) to a used line. This would involve cutting off one complete end-fitting and
installing a new one, thus reducing the overall line length. The new fitting would be marked
with the repair project number and line test date plus the new overall length: the original
fitting which remains with the line will be stamped "repaired". It should be noted that old
fittings are not reusable and that, because a variety of re-marking procedures have been
employed since the first repairs were carried out, it is always worth checking line details on
both end-fittings.
Whatever the nature of the repair, the lines are pressure tested at OEM test pressure for 24
hours after completion.
Coflexip reserves the right of declining to carry out a repair on a line which is found in a
condition rendering it unsafe for use.
Except in exceptional circumstances, Coflexip will not proceed with any repair on lines which
do not meet current industry standards or Coflexip's internal standards. (For unused lines,
see section 6.9).

22
6. INSPECTION AND TESTING OF LINES

6.1 INTRODUCTION
This section details the actual inspections and tests recommended by Coflexip to ensure the
continued safe use of our drilling and service application flexible lines.
It defines precisely what is meant by the terminology used by Coflexip for each type of
inspection and/or test and therefore allows End-Users to know the extent or limitation of
each procedure.
The very nature of a flexible pipe's construction and that of its end-fittings do not allow a
detailed examination of all of the internal components, and therefore we rely heavily on
external examination and regular pressure testing.
It will be noted that Coflexip recommends End-Users whenever possible, to have this
inspection and testing work carried out by the manufacturer. Under such circumstances,
Coflexip will issue a certificate detailing the inspection and/or testing work performed on
each line.
Circumstances may make this impractical, and in such instances, Coflexip relies on the End-
User's QA/QC system, together with their experience of using these lines, to ensure that they
remain fully functional.
The recommended periodicity of each inspection or test varies depending on the application,
and the relevant section (7 to 10) should be referred to for each type of line whilst reading
this section to know the circumstances applicable to each inspection or test procedure.

 INSTRUCTION : Although common practice for most Users of such flexibles, it is strongly
recommended that a record of all service work should be maintained for each line.

6.2 ROUTINE VISUAL INSPECTION

6.2.1 External inspection

A visual inspection throughout the entire length of the line should include:
1. Stainless steel outer-wrap : the outer-wrap must always ensure its primary function which
is to protect the polymeric sheath underneath from being torn or punctured.
• Check that the carcass is properly attached at both end-fittings ;
• Check that the entire surface of the polymeric sheath is protected ;
• Check, if any damage is noticed on the stainless steel outer-wrap, that it would not be
detrimental to the underlying external polymeric sheath (deep notches or cuts for
example).
2. Termination : record any damage to the coating on the end-fitting, and follow its
progression, if any.
3. Connector : same as above, with particular attention to the seal area.
6.2.2 Internal inspection
A visual inspection of the inner surface of the end-fitting is to be carried out after cleaning,
to check that it is free of cracks and that the corrosion resistant coating is undamaged. In
case of cracks or severe abrasion, the line should be removed from service and a more
detailed inspection performed by the manufacturer.
For Choke and Kill or Test Lines, inspection should show that they are free from any collapse
of the internal lining, this may be verified by either visual inspection or internal pigging or
gauging.

23
 6.3 FULL INSPECTION
A full inspection includes at least :
• Entire external inspection ;
• Entire internal inspection
• Full pressure test at OEM test pressure for a period of 24 hours.
COFLEXIP recommends that this inspection should be done by COFLEXIP at a convenient
COFLEXIP facility.
However, it must be recognised that this may be impractical according to the drilling
programme schedule or location. If so, this full inspection should be carried out by a
competent person who is qualified by the End-User's QA/QC system (See also Para. 6.5).

6.4 MANUFACTURER'S INSPECTION - MAJOR SURVEY

In accordance with the certifying authorities' specifications or Coflexip's recommendations, or
in the event of any doubt on a line's integrity, the line may be inspected by Coflexip at a
suitable Coflexip facility.
This inspection will include, as a minimum :
• Entire external inspection ;
• Entire internal inspection ;
• Bending at the minimum bending radius ;
• Pressure test at OEM test pressure for a period of 24 hours.

6.5 FIELD PRESSURE TESTING (OPTIONAL)

Performed on Choke and Kill lines at least on an annual basis and only in those
circumstances where the full inspection proves impractical to perform (see section 7 - Para.
7.5.3). It should include :
• A routine visual inspection as detailed in 6.2.1.
• A field pressure test (section 7 - Para. 7.5.5) should be performed at 1.5 times working
pressure and recorded for a period of six (6) hours. The purpose of the pressure test is to
ensure that no damage has occurred to the protective outer sheath, or excess loads
applied to the line which could result in an insufficient pressure containing capability both
at the time of the test and for the next year that the line is in service.
In those circumstances where a full inspection is impractical due to the above limitations and
where regular pressure testing is performed as part of the End User's QA/QC approved
testing procedure, the safety factor and recorded test period may be reduced accordingly i.e.
as an alternative to a 6 hours recorded test at 1.5 x maximum working pressure every year,
a one hour recorded test at 1.1 x maximum working pressure every month may be used,
thus reducing the safety factor from 1.5 to 1.1 (10 % ) and the equivalent period in between
recorded tests from one year to one month. The decision to adopt one or other of these
testing procedures as an alternative to the full inspection rests entirely with the End User and
their own QA/QC system, and they must be performed in accordance with all applicable
safety procedures.

Note The above testing (6.5) is an alternative to the full inspection, strictly due to the rig
limitations detailed in section 7 - para. 7.5.5. of the guidance on Choke and Kill lines
only. Wherever possible, the recommendations on the annual full inspection should
be adhered to.

24
6.6 FULL PRESSURE TEST
A full pressure test is performed at the OEM test pressure (1.5 times the maximum working
pressure (MWP) of the line or 2 times MWP for 345 bar/5000 psi WP lines) for a minimum
of 24 hours.
Permissible test media are drilling muds, oil or water.
The following precautions should always be respected when performing a pressure test.
• All personnel involved in the preparation and execution of the test must be trained and
aware of the possible consequences of a test failure
• Gas is not allowed as a test media ; all entrapped gas MUST be bled off during the
pressurisation of the line.
• Test area must be cordoned off, and access restricted throughout the duration of any test.
• Nobody, including personnel involved in the completion of the test, must stand near the
line under pressure.

 INSTRUCTION : These tests are carried out at the End User’s risk. It must be stressed that a
catastrophic burst can be the result of these tests (although extremely unlikely on well
maintained flexibles), and that all precautions MUST be taken to avoid damage and/or injury
(see section 1 Para. 1.7 FAILURE MODES OF Coflexip FLEXIBLE LINES.

6.7 RECORDING OF INSPECTIONS AND TESTS

All routine inspections must be properly recorded as per the End-User’s QA/QC procedures,
detailing identification of the line, inspection, findings and test results.
All full inspections must be properly documented including the details of findings, repairs
carried out , and pressure test certificates.
All inspections are to be recorded by the End User's QA/QC system.
Where any or all of the tests and/or inspections are performed by Coflexip either on site or
at a Coflexip facility, an inspection report and findings, together with details of
repair/refurbishment work performed and pressure test recordings will be supplied to the
End User. Third party verification of such work/testing is normally provided as standard.

6.8 PERIODICITY OF INSPECTIONS AND TESTS

Refer to the line application.
• Section 7 : Choke and Kill lines
• Section 8 : Test lines
• Section 9 : Acidizing/fracturing lines
• Section 10 : Drag chain lines

25
 6.9 UNUSED LINES
It is sometimes the case that, for a variety of reasons, a line may remain unused for a
considerable period of time after delivery. In such instances, no inspection or testing is
required during this storage period as long as normal protective precautions are observed.
(See section 2.1 - General guidelines: Storage). The term "unused" is taken to mean a line
which remains in its original delivery condition and has never been installed or used for any
purpose except for example, assembled within a DRAG CHAIN system and not installed on
the platform since OEM pressure test. After first use, it is assumed that an inspection and test
record would be established in accordance with the recommendations made in this User's
Guide. Nevertheless it is the End Users responsibility to check whether the line still meets the
current Industry standards.

 INSTRUCTION : In case of doubt please contact the nearest Coflexip office.

6.10 BEND TEST

Bending a line to the minimum bending radius (MBR) is required to check for possible
degradation of the mechanical properties of the flexible pipe inner lining. The acceptance
criteria is that the line passes the pressure test after bending has been performed (the
pressure test is not carried out whilst the line is at the MBR).
Due to the nature and purpose of this test, the actual section of the line which is tested is not
critical, however the bending radius itself is a precise figure and for this reason a special
calibrated BEND TEST RIG must be used. (see photo below).

26
7. CHOKE AND KILL LINES

7.1 DEFINITION
Choke and Kill lines are an integral part of the blow-out prevention equipment required for
drilling well control.
The Kill line provides a means of pumping fluid into the well bore when normal circulation
through the drill string cannot be employed.
The Choke line connected to the choke manifold provides a means of applying back
pressure on the formation while circulating out formation fluids influx into the wellbore
following a "kick", the latter being an entry of water, gas, oil or other formation fluid into the
wellbore and resulting from insufficient pressure from the drilling fluid column to overcome
the pressure exerted by the well formation. Failure to control a "kick" would result in a "blow-
out” or uncontrolled release of formation fluids or gases.
Depending upon the type of rig where they are installed, the flexible Choke and Kill lines are
either "static" or "dynamic". A "dynamic" use is required to accommodate continuous relative
motions of the connections on floating rigs while "static" use is required for dimensional
variations on sequential hook-ups.
On semi-submersible drilling rigs or drill-ships, there are two primary locations for Choke
and Kill lines, "moonpool" lines used above surface to accommodate rig motion in all three
planes, and BOP stack lines used on the LMRP (Lower Marine Riser Package) to allow for
movement of the Choke and Kill lines around the ball-joint or flex-joint.
The majority of Coflexip flexible Choke and Kill lines are designed to meet the API 16C
specification (See Chapter 1 para 1.1) and to resist a continuous dynamic use.

7.1.1 CEMENT LINES

Cementing operations are regularly carried out using flexible Choke and Kill lines, in
addition specific flexible lines are often used particularly in the derrick to pump cement into
the well casing. For this reason Coflexip considers that cement lines require to be
interchangeable with Choke and Kill lines.
All cement lines supplied for a specific working pressure may be used to the same pressure
in Choke and Kill operations , and vice versa.
It should be noted that earlier cement lines were sometimes also used for
acidizing/fracturing operations and as such would have had a different thermoplastic liner.

 INSTRUCTION : One should always check the temperature and pressure ratings before
using cement lines in well control operations.

7.2 SOUR SERVICE

Generally, all kinds of drilling muds and oil production fluids may be transported through
Choke and Kill lines (See chapter 3, Para 3.1). As the lines may be used in areas where sour
service is required, all Coflexip Choke and Kill lines are classified Sour Service.
All steel components of the flexible lines directly exposed to the Internal fluid meet NACE
MR-01-75, 2001 edition.
However, the behaviour of a flexible line involving the use of steel and thermoplastics is
complex and Users must be aware that Coflexip lines manufactured earlier are
not necessarily designed for a permanent exposure to sour fluids.

 INSTRUCTION : The use of a Choke and Kill line as a Test line is unsafe and must be
prohibited.

27
 7.3 COMPLETION FLUIDS
It may be a requirement for a variety of completion fluids to be pumped through the flexible
lines. Many of these fluids contain acids, zinc bromide, etc. These products may not be
compatible with the thermoplastic liner of the Coflexip Choke and Kill lines. Please refer to
the fluids compatibility charts in chapter 3.

 INSTRUCTION : In case of doubt please contact the nearest Coflexip office.

7.4 VENTING
Coflexip Choke and Kill lines are not vented.

7.5 PERIODICITY OF FIELD TESTING AND INSPECTION

7.5.1 After installation pressure test

After installation, the Choke and Kill lines (both surface and subsea) should be tested
according to the relevant API recommendations such as API RP53
7.5.2 Routine visual inspection (Section 6 - Para 6.2.1)
An external visual inspection of the Choke and Kill lines should be performed :
• At the end of a drilling campaign or,
• At a one (1) month interval or,
• At the first opportune moment, after a kick has occurred but no more than one (1) month
after. This inspection to be recorded by the End User's QA/QC system.
Refer also to section 7.5.6 for subsea lines.
7.5.3 Full inspection (Section 6 - Para 6.3)
A full inspection must be performed on a yearly basis. Coflexip recommends that this
inspection is done by Coflexip at a convenient facility, when and where practicable (For
alternative testing where the full pressure test proves impractical, see field pressure testing
below - 7.5.5).
7.5.4 Manufacturer's inspection - major survey (Section 6 - Para. 6.4)
Coflexip recommends that a first major survey be performed five (5) years after the date of
initial OEM Pressure Test. A second major survey should be performed three (3) years later,
i.e. eight (8) years after the initial OEM Pressure Test. Following this second major survey,
and dependent on the results of the survey, Coflexip will at that time make recommendations
to periodicity of further major inspections.
7.5.5 Field pressure testing (optional) (Section 6 - Para. 6.5)
It is recognised by Coflexip that due to a rig's location, lack of pressure testing and/or
inspection facilities, it is either inconvenient to return a line to Coflexip or impossible to
perform a full inspection on board the rig. Under these circumstances, a FIELD PRESSURE
TEST (section 6 - Para. 6.5) may be performed as a minimum test requirement and as an
alternative to the recommended full inspection, it can only be carried out on a maximum of
two consecutive annual occasions i.e. a maximum of three (3) years between full inspection.
7.5.6 Subsea (BOP stack) Choke and Kill lines :
By virtue of their location, BOP stack lines differ from moonpool lines in the following ways:
They are much shorter (typically 3.5 – 6 metres (12-20 feet) overall length) and are not
subjected to the same degree of dynamic motion as moonpool lines.
Being custom-built to fit each stack and relatively short, their length tolerances are more
critical than those of moonpool lines (typically 17 – 27 metres (55-90 feet) overall length).

28
 INSTRUCTION : BOP stack lines cannot be re-used on another stack without a detailed
study confirming their compatibility with the new installation. In case of doubt please contact
the nearest Coflexip office.

Installation subsea means that these lines are difficult if not impossible to visually inspect.
Furthermore, recovery to the surface in order to carry out inspection work and testing is both
time consuming and expensive. Experience has shown that, assuming the configuration
design is strictly adhered to, a combination of less dynamic movement plus a reduced risk of
damage by mishandling or misuse, means that they are a lot less prone to failure as a result
of mechanical damage.
Coflexip would, as a result of these factors, expect that End Users, their QA/QC system and
their certifying authorities, would be more flexible in carrying out regular inspection and
testing work. This does not remove the requirement to perform such work, but that it would
be more likely to be performed on an opportunity basis when other such work necessitates
recovery of the BOP stack for disassembly, testing and/or overhaul.

29
8. TEST LINE APPLICATIONS

8.1 "DST" AND "PTL" LINES DEFINITION

The conventional method of performing a test on a formation before installing the final
completion equipment is the DRILL STEM TEST which may be carried out through flexible
steel lines, thus providing a single length, two connection only section of piping which is both
safe and easy to install. Usually a Drill Stem Test is a short test which lasts less than 72
hours. The flexible line designed for such an application is the "DST" flexible line.
Production tests done on a well any time after the completion are very similar, but they may
last longer. The Coflexip flexible line designed for that application is the "PTL" line.

8.2 SOUR SERVICE

All steel components of DST and PTL Coflexip flexible lines, terminations and connectors
directly exposed to the internal fluids meet NACE MR-01 -75.
DST LINES: are designed for temporary and not permanent exposure to sour service.

 INSTRUCTION : Each individual Drill Stem Test should not exceed 72 hours.

PTL LINES : Permanent sour service

PTL lines are designed for a permanent exposure to sour service. For this reason, PTL lines
can be used for Drill Stem Test applications whilst DST cannot be used for long test
applications in excess of 72 hours.

8.3 VENTING
Both DST and PTL flexible lines are vented.
Venting : Coflexip Test Lines include an independent and automatic method to de-pressurise
the flexible pipe body in the event of pressure build up caused by permeated gas ; this
process is called venting.

 INSTRUCTION : Under no circumstances should vented lines be used under water nor
should either of their extremities be immersed. This could lead to long term corrosion of the
armour wires and risk of failure. (See Chapter 1 Para. 1.7 FAILURE MODES OF Coflexip
FLEXIBLE LINES

8.4 PERIODICITY OF FIELD TESTING AND INSPECTION

8.4.1 After installation pressure test

After installation in the test system hook-up, the flexible test line should be tested in
accordance with API recommendations on blow-out prevention system operation tests (API
recommendations RP53).
8.4.2 Routine external visual inspection (Section 6 - Para 6.2)
The external visual inspection of the DST and PTL flexible line should be performed after
completion of each test programme or at a one (1) month maximum interval.
8.4.3 Full inspection (Section 6 - Para 6.3)
A full inspection, including the internal inspection and an OEM pressure test must be
performed on a yearly basis.
COFLEXIP recommends that this inspection is done by COFLEXIP at a convenient COFLEXIP
facility, when and where practicable.
8.4.4 Manufacturer's inspection - Major survey (Section 6 - Para 6.4)
COFLEXIP recommends that at least one major survey is done by COFLEXIP at a convenient
COFLEXIP facility during the first 10 years, preferably in the range of 3 to 6 years after the
OEM pressure test.

30
9. ACIDIZING AND FRACTURING LINE APPLICATIONS

9.1 DEFINITION
Oil and gas wells require regular maintenance and servicing throughout the life of the well.
This can involve pumping fluids, foam or gas containing treatment materials into the well.
These operations start during the drilling phase of the well with operations such as
cementing. During the production phase, they include acid and proppant stimulation, water
and sand control, as well as fluid support for workover operations. At the end of a well's
economic or practical life, the services cover killing and abandonment operations. Well
service operations therefore involve using piping to pump into a well as opposed to
extracting from it.

9.1.1 Handling

 INSTRUCTION : The handling of the Coflexip flexible lines should be carried out by
qualified and trained personnel using adapted lifting/handling equipment.
The deployment of the flexible lines should be carried out following the End User’s operating
procedures in which all safety aspects should be covered.
When connecting acidizing lines from independent vessels to platforms, the lines should be
connected to the platform pipe work through an external connection point capable of bearing
the loads applied by the flexible pipe. It must be noted that the flexible pipe must
never be considered as the weak point of a system, its breaking load being
several hundred tons.
When the flexible pipe is deployed from a winch, the whole length of pipe MUST be paid out
so that the QCDC (Quick Connect Dis-Connect) or QDC (Quick Dis-Connect) assembly is
allowed to operate in a fast and reliable manner.
Relying on the freewheeling of the winch can at best cause some loss of time in circumstances
where time is critical.
A guide system should be fitted as part of the winch installation which ensures that the
flexible pipes approach angle with the winch drum is kept within reasonable limits , thus
ensuring correct operation of the emergency disconnect system when required.

9.1.2 Well service operations

These operations, normally involve pumping treatment materials for short periods of time,
usually less than 24 hours. Flexible lines may be any of the three liner types i.e. HDPE,
RILSAN® or COFLON® depending on service type. Acidizing /fracturing lines are either
HDPE or COFLON®, the latter being a "dual-purpose" designation, capable of handling
acids, produced well fluids and heavy metallic salts such as calcium or zinc bromide. (See
Chapter 3 Para. 3.1) Temperature ranges for these operations are given in section 3 - para.
3.2.

9.1.3 Dynamic operations

Such operations involve the use of the flexible lines to compensate for relative motion
between the two connection points. An example is the servicing of wells from a floating
service vessel to a fixed production platform: such an application can be highly dynamic and
applies a tremendous strain on the pipe's mechanical properties.

9.1.4 Static operations

These normally involve small or negligible amounts of relative movement during hook-up,
the lines being used to accommodate dimensional variations in between fixed points in hard
piping or for equipment connection.

31
 9.2 SOUR SERVICE
All steel components of acidizing/fracturing and well service Coflexip flexible line
terminations and connectors directly exposed to the internal fluids, meet the requirements of
NACE MR-01 -75.
Lines designated "ACD" i.e. acidizing/fracturing are unsuitable for any service where
produced well fluids or gases are present. For this reason, the steels used for the fabrication
of these lines do not necessarily meet the requirements of NACE MR-01 -75. Other lines with
COFLON® or RILSAN® liners can be used for temporary or permanent sour service (see
section 8 - Test line applications).

9.3 VENTING
Acidizing/fracturing flexible lines are not vented. COFLON® flexible lines when sold as acid
lines only are not vented, but when required for "dual-purpose" i.e. DST or PTL applications
in addition to acidizing/fracturing, venting is included - refer to OEM pressure test certificate
or line data book for precise application, alternatively contact nearest Coflexip office with
line serial number for further details.

 INSTRUCTION : Under no circumstances should vented lines be used under water nor
should either of their extremities be immersed. This could lead to long term corrosion of the
armour wires and risk of failure. (See Chapter 1 Para. 1.7 FAILURE MODES OF Coflexip
FLEXIBLE LINES).

9.4 PERIODICITY OF FIELD TESTING AND INSPECTION

9.4.1 Flushing of the lines

 INSTRUCTION : After completion of any of the above operations, the lines should be
thoroughly flushed with water

9.4.2 Routine external visual inspection (Section 6 - Para. 6.2)

The External Visual Inspection of the acidizing/fracturing line should be performed :
• Short lengths (static operations) : prior to each hook-up and at one (1) month intervals
after hook-up.
• Long lengths (dynamic operations : vessel or winch-mounted acid lines). During
deployment from winch to rig connection and during re-spooling on to winch.

9.4.3 After installation pressure test

All acidizing/fracturing lines whether short or long length, should be pressure tested after
installation and prior to operating under pressure, at 110 % of the maximum expected
working pressure.

9.4.4 Full inspection (section 6 - para. 6.3)

A full inspection must be performed on a yearly basis. COFLEXIP recommends that this
inspection is done by COFLEXIP at a convenient COFLEXIP facility, when and where this is
practicable.

9.4.5 Manufacturer's inspection - Major survey (section 6 - Para. 6.4)

COFLEXIP recommends that at least one major survey is done by COFLEXIP at a convenient
COFLEXIP facility during the first 10 years, preferably in the range of 3 to 6 years after the
OEM original pressure test.

32
10. DRAG CHAIN OPERATIONS

10.1 DEFINITION
Drag chain applications are specific to any flexibles which are installed within a drag chain
system.
These can be lines used for choke, kill, mud, cement, test and well completion fluid or
other services, and as such are governed by sections 1 to 6 inclusive of this User's Guide.
The drag chain itself also provides a supplementary mechanical protection outside the
stainless steel outer wrap, thus the risk of external mechanical damage is significantly
reduced.
Furthermore, each flexible length is specifically engineered to fit between the 2 rigid
connection points; it is the low diametric and longitudinal expansion factors which make
flexible steel pipes particularly suitable for these locations.
The flexibles, once installed in the drag chain and hooked-up at each end, are in a
controlled, protected environment and therefore the inspection and test requirements are
different to other installations.

10.2 PERIODICITY OF FIELD TESTING AND INSPECTION

10.2.1 After platform installation and hook up

The high pressure flexibles, once fitted into the drag chains are installed as a package on
to the platform and hooked up to the rigid piping at each end via the adapters.
All lines should then be tested in accordance with the relevant API recommendations such
as API RP 53. Alternatively, it is recommended that these lines are tested at a minimum of
110 % of the maximum expected working pressure.
10.2.2 Routine visual inspection (section 6 Para. 6.2)
The external visual inspection of the drag chain lines should be performed :
• At platform installation upon completion of hook-up.
• At subsequent 6 monthly periods, or after each skidding operation whichever comes first.
• After any intervention or maintenance on the drag chain itself.
• For Choke and Kill lines, at the first opportune moment after a kick has occurred, but no
more than 1 month after. This inspection to be recorded by the End Users QA/QC
system.
10.2.3 Yearly test
On a yearly basis, from date of initial platform hook-up, COFLEXIP recommends that all
Coflexip lines are pressure tested at 110 % of the maximum expected working pressure, in
order to verify the integrity of the lines.

33
11.SUMMARY OF INSTRUCTIONS

 Page 9 PARA 1.3.5 : For long lines (acidizing lines for example), typically lines longer than
25m (80'), the End User should refer to Coflexip for advice on limitations in the use of the
standard handling collars. Special collars can be designed for specific needs.
For further details on Acidizing Applications see Section 9.
 Page 11 PARA 1.6 : WARNING : You must be aware that a Coflexip flexible can be
stronger than some of the pipework to which it is connected and that it will rarely be the "weak
point" of a system.
 Page 14 PARA 2.1 : A similar protection should be reinstalled when the line is disconnected.
It may consist in a metallic blind flange that fits the connection - which is preferable, or of a
good wooden protection.
This protection must ensure that :
The inner bore of the line is closed to avoid accidental intrusion of any foreign material ;
The connector, especially the seal area, is properly protected against impacts, etc.
 Page 14 PARA 2.1 : If stored below minimum rated temperature, ensure that no handling is
done before the line is brought back to the minimum rated temperature.
 Page 14 PARA 2.1 : The inner bore of a Coflexip line should be thoroughly flushed with fresh
water prior to long term storage.
 Page 14 PARA 2.2 : Only qualified and trained personnel should handle flexible lines such
as those manufactured by Coflexip . Whilst we make every effort to assist End Users whenever
possible on the methods of handling to be deployed , the final decision on the best methods for
local conditions and capacities rests with End Users or their appointed agents , either of whom
should have their own procedures for such handling operations.
Any rigging should be suitably adapted to the specific flexible line in question , as mishandling
can be dangerous to operators , surrounding personnel , equipment and property.
The line must never be bent below the minimum bend radius, as this may damage it.
• As a rule of thumb, the minimum bend radius is equal to :
MBR = 12 x ID
The accurate value of the MBR of the line is part of the technical characteristics of the
Coflexip structure and will have been supplied to the original End User : it can be obtained
from the nearest Coflexip office.
The minimum bend radius (MBR) must be respected at all times, whether the line is under
pressure or not.
User should avoid bending the flexible just behind the end-fitting. As a rule of thumb, a
straight length of about 0.6 to 0.9metre (2 to 3 feet) should be used as a safety distance.
See section 1.7 - FAILURE MODES OF Coflexip FLEXIBLE LINES
The use of wire ropes or chains may damage the anti-corrosion treatment of the end-fitting.
If so required, use a shackle connected through the eye of the handling collar. Never use
wire ropes or chains directly against the stainless steel outer-wrap. If force needs to be
applied to the body of the flexible line itself, use soft slings.
• Moving flexible line on the ground
• Do not attach slings directly to the end-fitting - use the handling collar provided. Always
connect slings to both eyes in order to have the pulling force in a straight line through the
main axis of the flexible pipe.
• Prevent abrasion of the flexible line against the ground; use wooden supports or planks.
If a forklift has to be used to lift a flexible line, soft slings must be used to prevent damage, and
to prevent the flexible line from falling off the forks (see Coflexip Handling Guide inside cover).
End User assumes all responsibility for essential Safety precautions to avoid injury or death in
connection with these operations.
 Page 15 PARA 2.3 : The best way to achieve this is to support the weight of the line through
the use of the handling collar, then control the alignment with a non-metallic rope or sling
attached about 0.9 metre (3 feet) behind the end-fitting :
 Page 16 PARA 3 : These lines must never be used for any purpose other than the original for
which the line was supplied and which is stamped on the end-fitting fitting identification collar
(see section 1.3). In case of doubt, contact the nearest COFLEXIP office for information on
guidelines to be respected.
34
 Page 16 PARA 3.1 : In case of doubt please contact the nearest Coflexip office.

 Page 21 PARA 4 : Flexible lines removed from service upon expiration of the service life
should be stamped "NOT REUSABLE" or preferably cut into pieces.

 Page 23 PARA 6.1 : Although common practice for most Users of such flexibles, it is strongly
recommended that a record of all service work should be maintained for each line.

 Page 25 PARA 6.6 : These tests are carried out at the End User’s risk. It must be stressed that
a catastrophic burst can be the result of these tests (although extremely unlikely on well
maintained flexibles), and that all precautions MUST be taken to avoid damage and/or injury
(see section 1 Para. 1.7 FAILURE MODES OF Coflexip FLEXIBLE LINES.

 Page 26 PARA 6.9 : In case of doubt please contact the nearest Coflexip office.

 Page 27 PARA 7.1.1 : One should always check the temperature and pressure ratings before
using cement lines in well control operations.

 Page 27 PARA 7.2 : The use of a Choke and Kill line as a Test line is unsafe and must be
prohibited

 Page 28 PARA 7.3 : In case of doubt please contact the nearest Coflexip office.

 Page 29 PARA 7.5.6 : BOP stack lines cannot be re-used on another stack without a detailed
study confirming the lines are compatible with the new installation. In case of doubt please
contact the nearest Coflexip office.

 Page 30 PARA 8.2 : Each individual Drill Stem Test should not exceed 72 hours.

 Page 30 PARA 8.3 : Under no circumstances should vented lines be used under water nor
should either of their extremities be immersed. This could lead to long term corrosion of the
armour wires and risks of failure. (See Chapter 1 Para. 1.7 FAILURE MODES OF Coflexip
FLEXIBLE LINES).
v

 Page 31 PARA 9.1.1 : The handling of the Coflexip flexible lines should be carried out by
qualified and trained personnel using adapted lifting/handling equipment.
The deployment of the flexible lines should be carried out following the End User’s operating
procedures in which all safety aspects should be covered.
When connecting acidizing lines from independent vessels to platforms, the lines should be
connected to the platform pipe work through an external connection point capable of bearing
the loads applied by the flexible pipe. It must be noted that the flexible pipe must never
be considered as the weak point of a system, its breaking load being several
hundred tons.
When the flexible pipe is deployed from a winch, the whole length of pipe MUST be paid out so
that the QCDC (Quick Connect Dis-Connect) or QDC (Quick Dis-Connect) assembly is allowed
to operate in a fast and reliable manner.
Relying on the freewheeling of the winch can at best cause some loss of time in circumstances
where time is critical.
A guide system should be fitted as part of the winch installation which ensures that the flexible
pipes approach angle with the winch drum is kept within reasonable limits , thus ensuring correct
operation of the emergency disconnect system when required.

 Page 32 PARA 9.3 : Under no circumstances should vented lines be used under water nor
should either of their extremities be immersed. This could lead to long term corrosion of the
armour wires and risks of failure. (See Chapter 1 Para. 1.7 FAILURE MODES OF Coflexip
FLEXIBLE LINES).

 Page 32 PARA 9.4.1 : After completion of any fracturing and/or acidizing operations , the
lines should be thoroughly flushed with water.

REMINDER : COFLEXIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY SAVE AS EXPRESSLY

AGREED IN WRITING WITH END USER.
35

Tour Technip-Coflexip
170, Place Henri Régnault
La Défense 6, 92973 Paris La Défense Cedex – France.
Tel : + 33 01 47 78 21 21 - Fax : + 33 01 47 78 33 40
Division Headquarters :
22 Rue Jean Huré, BP 7, 76580 Le Trait – France.
Tel : + 33 2 35 05 50 00 – Fax : + 33 2 35 05 50 17
Worldwide internet adresses :
http://www.technip-coflexip.com
http://www.coflexip.com/draps.asp?rub=5
Main Sales Offices of the Drilling, Refining and Onshore Division
Europe, Africa, Middle East and South Asia :
Coflexip S.A.
Drilling, Refining and Onshore Division
22 Rue Jean Huré, 76580 Le Trait – France.
Tel : + 33 2 35 05 50 00 – Fax : + 33 2 35 05 50 17
UK Sector :
Coflexip Stena Offshore Ltd
Drilling, Refining and Onshore Division
Stena House, Westhill Industrial Estate, Westhill,
Aberdeenshire AB32 6TQ, U.K..
Tel : + 44 1224 744044 – Fax : + 44 1224 407671
North and South America :
Coflexip Stena Offshore Inc
Drilling, Refining and Onshore Division
16661 Jacintoport Blvd, Houston, TX 77015, United States.
Tel : + 1 281 457 9300 – Fax : + 1 281 452 6100
Asia Pacific :
imp. sodimpal - 02 35 05 90 40 - Rev. 04 - 07/2002
Coflexip Singapore Pty Ltd :
Loyang Offshore Supply Base, Box 5161, Jetty Drive,
Loyang Crescent, Singapore, 508988.
Tel : + 656 546 9100 – Fax : + 656 546 9122