therapists, physicians, pediatric nurses, and other health care providers who have had appropriate training can administer the HINT.”
(McCoy, S. W., et al., 2009)
Assessments of Neuromotor Functioning • Infant Motor Profile (IMP) • Harrison Infant Neuromotor Test (HINT) • Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) • Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) • Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID) • Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS) Infant Motor Profile (IMP)
• Assessed at 4, 6, 10, 12, and 18 months. • For infants aged 3 to 18 • Administered the IMP and the AIMS months (may be used for • Objective: to test reliability and children older than 18 months congruent validity of the IMP and AIMS with a moderate/severe • Results: high correlation between IMP development motor disorder and AIMS scores. • Implies both are reliable to test a • Consists of 80 items child’s motor behavior • Organized into 5 subtests • AIMS scores increased with age – Variability (size of • Suggests a strong correlation repertoire) between age and AIM test performance. – Variability (ability to select) • IMP Results: pre-term infants scored – Symmetry much lower than full term infants – Fluency – Performance (Heineman, K. R., Bos, A. F., & Hadders-Algra, M., 2008) Harris Infant Neuromotor Test (HINT) • Assesses for possible motor • 67 US infants (ranging from 2.5 – and/or cognitive development 12.5 months of age) disorders • 64 Canadian infants • Used for infants 2.5 – 12.5 • Compared US infants to Canadian months of age infants to test validity of the HINT • Four general areas: • Results: no difference in scores between those of US infants and 1.) General background Canadian infants information • Canadian norms can be applied 2.) caregiver’s concerns to US infants 3.) 21- item testing section • Compared HINT scores to the Ages 4.) overall clinician impression and Stages Questionnaire • 15 to 30 minutes to administer • Results: parents’ responses on the and score ASQ are slower than results from the HINT (McCoy, S. W., et al., 2009) Harris Infant Neuromotor Test (HINT)
(McCoy, S. W., et al., 2009)
Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS)
• Infant developmental test • 100 Dutch infants
• Used to test motor performance • Children were observed from birth-walking individually for 20-30 minutes • Scores were compared to a • 58 items in 4 positions (supine, Canadian reference group prone, sitting, and standing) are • Dutch infants scored lower as administered compared to the Canadian • Each of the 58 items have 3 reference group movement components: • Canadian norm values not – Weight-bearing relevant to Dutch population – Postural ailments • Further studies needed to achieve – Antigravity movement new norms for the AIMS
(Fleuren, K. M. W., Smit, L. S., Stijnen, T. & Hartman, A., 2007)
Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) • For infants 2 to 24 months • 70 infants with CP • Developed by Dubowitz et al. • Evaluated at 3, 6, 9, 12 • 3 sections: months 1) Neurological Exam – postures, • Findings: cranial nerve function, reflexes, tone, • Progressive motor movements development until about 9 2) Development of Motor months Function – head control, sitting, walking, crawling, rolling, grasping • Similar scoring between 3) State of Behavior – consciousness, infants with diplegia and social orientation, emotional state quadriplegia • Scores consistent with GMFCS (test of gross motor skills) at 2 years (Rameo et al., 2007) Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE)
(Rameo et al., 2007)
(McCoy, S. W., et al., 2009) and (Peralta-Carcelen M. et al., 2009) Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 (PDMS)
• Birth to 5 years • 100 premature infants
• Compared 3 assessments that • Evaluates emerging or predict motor outcome at 12 present gross and fine motor months abilities • PDMS-2 and AIMS results • 3 composite standard scores coincided 1.) Gross Motor Quotient – Predicted by time on 2.) Fine Motor Quotient ventilation and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) 3.) Total Quotient • Poor functional outcomes may be • 25 to 30 minutes to due to motor difficulties administer at 1 year (Snider et al., 2009) Summary
• Currently, very few neuromotor assessments
available for children under age 5 • Generally administered by PT, OT, Pediatric Nurses, Physicians, etc. • Further research is needed References Fleuren, K. M. W., Smit, L. S., Stijnen, T. & Hartman, A. (2007). New reference values for the Alberta Infant Motor Scale need to be established. Acta Paediatrica. 96: 424-427. Heineman, K. R., Bos, A. F., & Hadders-Algra, M. (2008). The infant motor profile: a standardized and qualitative method to assess motor behavior in infancy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 50(4): 275-282. McCoy, S. W., et al. (2009). Harris Infant Neuromotor Test: comparison of US and Canadian normative data and examination of concurrent validity with the ages and stages questionnaire. Physical Therapy. 89(2): 173-179. Peralta-Carcelen M. et al. (2009). Stability of neuromotor outcomes at 18 and 30 months of age after extremely low birth weight status. Pediatrics. 123(5):887-895. Romeo, D. M. M. et al. (2008). Neuromotor development in infants with cerebral palsy investigated by the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination during the first year of age. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. 12: 24-31. Snider, L. et al. (2009). Prediction of motor and functional outcomes in infants born preterm assessed at term. Pediatric Physical Therapy. 21(1): 2-11.