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Electronic halogen transformer
Electronic Halogen Transformer is a substitute for traditional line transformer for halogen bulbs. (It can of course be used also for nonhalogen bulbs and other types of resistive loads who do not mind RF current.) It works on the principle of switching power supply. Unlike conventional switching power supply, it does not have secondary rectifier, because the bulb does not need necessarily the DC voltage. It also has no smoothing electrolyte after network bridge. 100Hz ripple because the bulb does not matter. Just by reducing ef. voltage by about 30%. Due to the absence of electrolyte the thermistor is not necessary and it also solves problems with power factor (which is nearly 1). Circuit is designed as a halfbridge with MOSFETs and driving circuit IR2153, which is equipped with a floating upper MOSFET driver and own RC oscillator. Circuit operates at a frequency of about 50kHz. At the primary of the pulse transformer, the effective voltage is approximately 107V, according to the calculation: Uef = (Uvst2) . 0,5 . √(t2.deadtime)/t Where Uvst is input line voltage, deadtime in IR2153 is always 1,2us and t is a period, in case of 50kHz it is 20us. After substituting: U = (2302) . 0,5 . √(202.1,2)/20 = 106,9V. The voltage reduces by 2V at diode bridge, divides by 2 at the capacitive divider made of capacitors 1u/250V and finally the effective value is reduced due to deadtime. Transformer Tr1 is a pulse transformer ona a ferrite core (EE or EI) and can be obtained from computer switchnig power supplies such as AT or ATX. The core should have a cross section of about 90 140mm2. Number of turns will probably need to be adjusted depending on the bulb. When calculating the transformation rate, we assume that at the primary is the effective Voltage 107V (in case of 230V line input). Transformer from AT or ATX usually has 40 turns on primary. Primary is divided into 2 parts, 20 turns each, one is under the secondary and one above it. This method of winding is used to reduce magnetic leakage. When adjusting the transformer you will need to unwind the upper half of the original primary and whole secondary. Then replace the secondary, which will have approximately 2.4 to 3V per turn. For 12V bulb i recommend 4 turns (can be about 45). Required voltage we choose 11,5 V (for halogen bulbs the voltage is usualy selected with reserve). Transformation ratio is calculated: 107V / 11.5 V = 9.304 . At the secondary we have 4t, so primary must have 9.304 . 4t = 37t . Because in the bottom half of the remaining primary remains original 20z, we wind top layer 37t 20t = 17t . If you can find out what the original number of turns was on the secondary, it will be much easier. If you find that some of the secondaries has 4 turns, then just simply unwind 3 turns from the top of the primary and you're done :). A similar procedure would be even 24V bulb, except that the secondary we chose 810 turns. With MOSFETs STP9NK50Z or IRF840 without heatsink this electronic transformer can be used for output to about 80100W. Similarly, it would be with STP10NK60Z, STP11NK50Z or STP9NC60FP. For more power, use the heatsink and / or more powerful MOSFETs, such as IRFP460, IRFP460LC, STP15NK50ZFP, STW20NK50Z, STP25NM50N, STB25NM50N1 or 2SK2837. They should have a voltage Uds 500650V. Leads to the bulb should not be too long, because there is RF voltage and it could cause interference and voltage drop due to their inductance. Output voltage can't be measured using multimeter.
Warning ! Almost all parts of the circuit are electrically connected to the mains. In case of poor design of TR1, the mains voltage can be present at the output.
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