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The plane described by this equation is the plane f (x, y) dA = f (x, y) dx dy (9)
R c a
tangent to the curve of f (x, y) at (x0 , y0 ).
Integrals over Regions:
Differentials:
If D1 is the region such that D1 = {(x, y)|a ≤ x ≤
∂z ∂z b, g1 (x) ≤ y ≤ g2 (x)}, then:
dz = fx (x, y)dx + fy (x, y)dy = dx + dy (3)
∂x ∂y ZZ Z bZ g2 (x)
f (x, y) dA = f (x, y) dy dx (10)
If z = f (x, y), x = g(s, t) and y = h(s, t) then: D1 a g1 (x)
1
x = r cos θ y = r sin θ (13)
If R is the polar rectangle such that R = {(r, θ)|0 ≤
a ≤ r ≤ b, α ≤ θ ≤ β} where 0 ≤ β − α ≤ 2π, then:
ZZ Z βZ b
f (x, y) dA = f (r cos θ, r sin θ) r dr dθ
R α a
(14)
If D is the polar rectangle such that D = {(r, θ)|0 ≤
h1 (θ) ≤ r ≤ h2 (θ), α ≤ θ ≤ β} where 0 ≤ β − α ≤
2π, then:
ZZ Z βZ h2 (θ)
f (x, y) dA = f (r cos θ, r sin θ) r dr dθ
R α h1 (θ)
(15)
Applications:
If m is the mass, and ρ(x, y) the density, then:
ZZ
m= ρ(x, y) dA (16)
D
Triple Integrals
If E is the volume such that E = {(x, y, z)|a ≤
x ≤ b, g1 (x) ≤ y ≤ g2 (x), h1 (x, y) ≤ z ≤ h2 (x, y)},
then:
ZZZ Z bZ g2 (x)Z h2 (x,y)
f (x, y, z)dV = f (x, y, z)dzdydx
E a g1 (x) h1 (x,y)
(20)