Coordinates: 11.41°N 76.

70°E

Ooty
Udagamandalam (also known as Ootacamund ( listen )), and abbreviated as Udhagai
and popularly known as Ooty, ( listen is a town and a municipality in the Indian State of Udagamandalam
Ooty
Tamil Nadu. It is located 86 km north of Coimbatore and 128 km south of Mysore and is
the headquarters of the Nilgiris district. It is a popular hill station located in the Nilgiri Hill station
Hills.

Originally occupied by the Toda people, the area came under the rule of the East India
Company at the end of the 18th century. The economy is based on tourism and agriculture,
along with the manufacture of medicines and photographic film. The town is connected by
the Nilgiri ghat roads and Nilgiri Mountain Railway. Its natural environment attracts
tourists and it is a popular summer destination.[4] In 2011, the town had a population of
88,430.[2]

Contents
Etymology
History Udagamandalam
Geography
Climate
Places of interest
Gardens and parks
Lakes and dams
Reserve forests
Tribal huts and museum
Nilgiri Mountain Railway
Historical buildings

Demographics Coordinates: 11.41°N 76.70°E

Administration and politics
Country India
Culture State Tamil Nadu
Recreation
District The Nilgiris
Economy and infrastructure
Government
Transport
Road • Type Special Grade
Municipality
Rail
• Body Udagamandalam
Air
Municipality
Education
Elevation[1] 2,240 m (7,350 ft)
See also
Population (2011)[2]
References
• Total 88,430
Further reading
Languages
External links
• Official Tamil
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)

Etymology PIN 643 001

Tele 91423
The origin of the name is obscure. The first known written mention of the place is given as Vehicle TN-43
Wotokymund in a letter of March 1821 to the Madras Gazette from an unknown registration
correspondent.[5] In early times it was called OttakalMandu. "Mund" is the Anglicised Civic agency Udagamandalam
ooty homes Municipality
Climate Subtropical
form of the Toda word for a village, Mandu.[6] The first part of the name is probably a Highland (Köppen)
corruption of the local name for the central region of the Nilgiri Plateau.[7] Precipitation 1,238 mm (49 in)
Avg. annual 14.4 °C (58 °F)
The stem of the name (Ootaca) comes from the local language in which Otha-Cal literally temperature
means "single stone". This is perhaps a reference to a sacred stone revered by the local Temperature from Batchmates.com[3]
Toda people. The name probably changed under British rule from Udagamandalam to
Ootacamund, and later was shortened to Ooty.[8]

Ooty is in the Nilgiri hills, meaning the "blue mountains", so named due to the Kurunji flower which blooms every twelve years giving the slopes
a bluish tinge.[5][9][10]

History
Udagamandalam was originally a tribal land occupied by the Toda and Badagas along with other
hill tribes who coexisted through specialisation and trade. The major tribes of Nilgiris area are
the Toda, Kota, Irula and Kurumba.The Baduga language is a dialect of Kannada.

The Toda in the Nilgiris are first referenced in a record belonging to Hoysala king
Vishnuvardhana and his general Punisa, dated 1117 CE.[9] The Toda people were known for
raising water buffalo. The Badaga people known for farming activities.[10] Nilgiris was ruled by
various dynasties like Satavahanas, Gangas, Kadambas, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, the
Vijayanagara empire and the Rajas of Ummattur (on behalf of Wodeyars of
Mysuru).[9][11][12][13][14] Tipu Sultan captured Nilgiris in the eighteenth century and extended Ooty in 1903
the border by constructing a hideout cave-like structure.[10] The Nilgiris came into possession of
British East India Company as part of the ceded lands, held by Tipu Sultan, by the treaty of
Srirangapatnam in 1799.

In 1818, J. C. Whish and N. W. Kindersley, assistants to John Sullivan, then Collector of

Coimbatore, visited Ooty and submitted a report to him. Sullivan camped at Dimbhatti, north of
Kotagiri in January 1819 and was enthralled by the beauty of the place. He wrote to Thomas
Munro, " ... it resembles Switzerland, more than any country of Europe... the hills beautifully
wooded and fine strong spring with running water in every valley."[15] The Toda ceded that part Ooty, India (c. 2011)
of the town to Sullivan and in May 1819, he began to build his bungalow at Dimbhatti. He also
started work on a road from Sirumugai to Dimbhatti that year. The road was completed in May
1823, and extended up to Coonoor by 1830-32.[5]

Aranmore Palace in Ooty, served as the summer capital of the Madras Presidency; it was visited by British officials during the colonial days as a
popular summer resort.[16] Soldiers were sent to nearby Wellington to recuperate. Wellington is the home of the Madras Regiment of the Indian
Army.[17][18] After Independence, it developed into a popular hill resort.

Geography

Climate
Ooty features a subtropical highland climate (Cwb) under Köppen climate classification.[19]
Despite its location in the tropics, in contrast with most of South India, Ooty generally features
mild conditions throughout the year. However, night time in the months of January and February
is typically cold. Generally, the town appears to be eternally stuck in the spring season.
Temperatures are relatively consistent throughout the year; with average high temperatures
ranging from about 17–20 °C (63–68 °F) and average low temperatures between approximately
5–12 °C (41–54 °F).

The highest temperature ever recorded in Ooty was 25 °C (77 °F), which by South Asian Boat House on Ooty Lake
standards is uncharacteristically low for an all-time record high temperature. The rainy season in
Ooty is generally cool and windy with high humidity. The wind chill may fall to as low as 5 °C
(41 °F) during the day time. Wind is always high throughout the year. The lowest temperature was −2 °C (28 °F).[20] The city sees on average
about 125 cm (49 in) of precipitation annually, with a marked drier season from December through March.

Climate data for Ooty (Udagamandalam)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Average 20.3 20.9 22.2 22.6 22.0 18.3 16.9 17.4 18.4 18.8 18.7 19.7 19.7
high °C (°F) (68.5) (69.6) (72.0) (72.7) (71.6) (64.9) (62.4) (63.3) (65.1) (65.8) (65.7) (67.5) (67.4)

Daily mean 12.4 13.6 15.2 16.3 16.6 14.8 14.1 14.4 14.4 14.6 13.7 12.9 14.4
°C (°F) (54.3) (56.5) (59.4) (61.3) (61.9) (58.6) (57.4) (57.9) (57.9) (58.3) (56.7) (55.2) (58.0)

Average low 5.6 6.5 8.8 10.7 11.4 11.2 11.0 10.9 10.4 10.1 8.6 6.7 9.3
°C (°F) (42.1) (43.7) (47.8) (51.3) (52.5) (52.2) (51.8) (51.6) (50.7) (50.2) (47.5) (44.1) (48.8)

Average
20.5 10.2 25.8 75.4 147.5 136.7 181.1 123.7 134.9 189.2 139.9 52.8 1,237.7
precipitation
(0.81) (0.40) (1.02) (2.97) (5.81) (5.38) (7.13) (4.87) (5.31) (7.45) (5.51) (2.08) (48.74)
mm (inches)

Average
1 1 2 5 8 8 10 9 9 11 7 4 75
rainy days

Mean daily
sunshine 8 8 8 8 7 4 4 4 5 5 6 7 6
hours

Source #1: Indian Meteorological Department (1901-2000)[21]

Source #2: Climate-Data.org for mean temperatures, altitude: 2214m,[19] Weather2Travel for sunshine and rainy days[22]

Places of interest
Ooty is situated in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Many of the forested areas and water bodies are off-limits to most visitors to protect this fragile
ecosystem. Some areas of the Biosphere Reserve have been earmarked for tourism development, and steps are being undertaken to open these
areas to visitors whilst conserving the area.[23] It is situated at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 feet) above sea level.[1]

Gardens and parks

The Government Rose Garden (formerly Centenary Rose Park)[24][25] is the largest rose garden
in India.[26] It is situated on the slopes of the Elk Hill in Vijayanagaram of Ooty town.[27] at an
altitude of 2200 meters. Today this garden has one of the largest collection of roses in the country
with more than 20,000 varieties of roses of 2,800 cultivars.[28] The collection includes hybrid tea
roses, Miniature Roses, Polyanthas, Papagena, Floribunda, Ramblers, Yakimour and roses of
unusual colours like black and green.

The 22-acre (89,000 m2) Ooty Botanical Gardens was laid out in 1847[29] and is maintained by
the Government of Tamil Nadu. The Botanical Garden is lush, green, and well-maintained. A Botanical Garden in Ooty
flower show along with an exhibition of rare plant species is held every May. The gardens have
around a thousand species, both exotic and indigenous, of plants, shrubs, ferns, trees, herbal and
bonsai plants.[30] The garden has a 20-million-year-old fossilised tree.[31][32]

Deer Park is located on the edge of Ooty Lake. It is the highest altitude zoo in India aside from the zoo in Nainital, Uttarakhand. This park was
formed to house a number of species of deer and other animals.[33]

Lakes and dams

Ooty lake covers an area of 65 acres.[34] The boat house established alongside the lake, which offers boating facilities to tourists, is a major
tourist attraction in Ooty. It was constructed in 1824 by John Sullivan, the first collector of Ooty. The lake was formed by damming the mountain
streams flowing down Ooty valley.[34] The lake is set among groves of Eucalyptus trees with a railway line running along one bank. During the
summer season in May, boat races and boat pageantry are organised for two days at the lake.[35][36]
Pykara is a river located 19 km from Ooty.[37] The Pykara is considered very sacred by the Todas.[38] The
Pykara river rises at Mukurthi peak and passes through a hilly tract, generally keeping to the north and
turns to the west after reaching the plateau's edge.[38] The river flows through a series of cascades; and the
last two falls of 55 meters and 61 meters are known as Pykara falls.[38] The falls are approximately 6 km
from the bridge on the main road. A boat house by the Pykara falls and dam is an added attraction to
tourists.[37][39] Kamaraj Sagar Dam (also known as Sandynalla reservoir)[40] is located 10 km from the
Ooty bus stand.[41][42] It is a picnic spot and a film shoot location on the slopes of the Wenlock Downs.[43]
The various tourist activities at the dam include fishing and studying nature and the environment.[44]
Parsons Valley Reservoir is the primary water source for the town and is mainly in a reserved forest and
thus largely off-limits to visitors. Emerald Lake, Avalanche Lake and Porthimund Lake are other lakes in
the region.

The Government Botanical

Reserve forests Garden

Doddabetta is the highest peak (2,623 m) in the Nilgiris, about 10 km from Ooty. It lies at the junction of
the Western and Eastern Ghats surrounded by dense Sholas. The pine forest situated between
Ooty and Thalakunda is a small downhill region where pine trees are arranged in an orderly
fashion. Wenlock Downs is a grassland area typical of the original bioscape of the Nilgiris with
gently undulating hills. Mudumalai National Park and tiger reserve lies on the north western side
of the Nilgiri Hills.[45][46] The sanctuary is divided into 5 ranges - Masinagudi, Thepakadu,
Mudumalai, Kargudi and Nellakota. Here one can often spot herds of endangered Indian
elephants, vulnerable gaur, and chital. The sanctuary is a haven for Bengal tigers,[47] Indian
leopards and other threatened species.[48] There are at least 266 species of birds in the sanctuary,
including critically endangered species like the Indian white-rumped vulture and the long-billed Xerochrysum bracteatum -
Everlasting flower from Ooty
vulture.[49] Mukurthi National Park is a 78.46 km2 protected area located in the south-eastern
corner of the Nilgiris Plateau west of Ooty. The park was created to protect its keystone species,
the Nilgiri tahr.[50] The Western Ghats, Nilgiri Sub-Cluster (6,000 km2 (2,300 sq mi)), including
all of Mudumalai National Park, is under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage
Committee for selection as a World Heritage Site.[51]

Tribal huts and museum

There are a few Toda huts on the hills above the Botanical Garden, where Todas still dwell.
There are other Toda settlements in the area, notably Kandal Mund near Old Ooty. Although
many Toda have abandoned their traditional distinctive huts for concrete houses,[52] a movement Ooty Lake
is now afoot to build tradition barrel-vaulted huts, and during the last decade forty new huts have
been built and many Toda sacred dairies renovated.[53]

The Tribal Museum is part of the campus of Tribal Research Centre which is in Muthorai Palada
(10 km from Ooty town). It is home to rare artifacts and photographs of tribal groups of Tamil
Nadu as well as the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and anthropological and archaeological
primitive human culture and heritage. The Tribal Museum also displays houses belonging to
Toda, Kota, Paniya, Kurumba, and Kanikarans.

Nilgiri Mountain Railway Boating in Pykara Lake in Ooty

The Nilgiri Mountain Railway was built by the British in 1908,[54] and was initially operated by
the Madras Railway Company. The railway still relies on its fleet of steam locomotives.[55] NMR comes under the jurisdiction of the newly
formed Salem Division. In July 2005, UNESCO added the Nilgiri Mountain Railway as an extension to the World Heritage Site of Darjeeling
Himalayan Railway, the site then became known as "Mountain Railways of India."[56] after it satisfied the necessary criteria, thus forcing
abandonment of the modernisation plans. For the past several years diesel locomotives have taken over from steam on the section between
Coonoor and Udagamandalam. Local people and tourists have led a demand for steam locos to once again haul this section.[55]

Historical buildings
Stone House is the first bungalow constructed in Ooty. It was built by John Sullivan and was called Kal
Bangala by the tribals (Kal means stone in local tribal language). John Sullivan started building Stone
House in 1822, acquiring land from the Todas at one rupee an acre.[15] Today, it is the official residence
for the principal of the Government Arts College, Ooty[57][58]

St Stephen's Church is located on the road to Mysore in Ooty,[59] in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is
one of the oldest churches in the Nilgiris district.[60][61] The church dates back to the 19th century.
Stephen Rumbold Lushington, the then governor of Madras, who keenly felt the need for a cathedral in
Ooty which was exclusively for the British, laid the foundation stone for the church on 23 April 1829, to
coincide with the birthday of King George IV. St Stephen's Church was consecrated by John Matthias
Turner, Bishop of Calcutta, on 5 November 1830. It was thrown open to public communion on Easter
Sunday 3 April 1831. It came under the Church of South India in 1947.[35] The architect in charge was
John James Underwood, Captain, Madras Regiment.[62]
The Pine Forest in Ooty
St. Thomas Church, a parish in the Anglican diocese of Ooty,[63] was begun in 1867, with the foundation
stone being laid on 1 May by Lt. Gen. Howard Dowker. Construction was completed 20 October
1870, and its first service was held in 1871.[64] Among the famous graves in the churchyard are
those of Josiah John Goodwin, the British stenographer of Swami Vivekananda, and William
Patrick Adam, the British governor of Madras, whose grave is topped by the stunning pillar
monument dedicated to St. Thomas, the tallest structure in Ooty. The church’s graveyard was
used as a setting in David Lean's 1984 movie, A Passage to India, which was based on E. M.
Forster’s novel of the same name.[65][66]

In 1882, the rules and game of snooker were first drafted and codified in the "Ooty Club". The
club still houses the billiards table that was used. Tiger Safari in Mudumalai Tiger
Reserve

Demographics
According to the 2011 census, Udagamandalam had a population of 88,430 with a sex-ratio of
1,053 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.[2][67] A total of
7,781 were under the age of six, constituting 3,915 males and 3,866 females. Scheduled Castes
and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 28.98% and 0.3% of the population respectively. The
average literacy of the city in 2011 was 90.2%,[68] compared to the national average of
72.99%.[67] The city had a total of 23,235 households. There were a total of 35,981 workers,
comprising 636 cultivators, 5,194 agricultural labourers, 292 in household industries, 26,411
other workers, 3,448 marginal workers, 65 marginal cultivators, 828 marginal agricultural
Mukurthi National Park
labourers, 56 marginal workers in household industries and 2,499 other marginal workers.[69] As
per the religious census of 2011, Udagamandalam had 64.36% Hindus, 21.25% Christians,
13.37% Muslims, 0.03% Sikhs, 0.3% Buddhists, 0.4% Jains, 0.28% following other religions and
0.02% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.[70]

Tamil is the official language of Udagamandalam. Languages native to the Nilgiris including
Badaga, Paniya and Kurumba.[71] Due to its proximity to the neighbouring state of Karnataka
and being a tourist destination, English, Kannada is also spoken and understood to an extent.[72]
According to the 2001 census, the most widely spoken languages were Baduga followed Tamil,
spoken by 15,477, followed by Kannada with 15,404 speakers.[73]

Toda Hut
Administration and politics
Ooty is the district headquarters of the Nilgiris district.[74] The Ootacamund assembly
constituency is part of the Nilgiris Lok Sabha constituency.[75]

Culture
Recreation
Snooker originated on the billiard tables of the Ootacamund Club, invented by an army officer
Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain.[76] There was also a cricket ground with regular
matches played between teams from the Army, the Indian Civil Service and the business sector.
Visiting teams would come from various parts of India as well as from the island of Ceylon.

There were riding stables and kennels at Ooty and the Ootacamund Hounds hunted across the
surrounding countryside and the open grasslands of the Wenlock Downs, named after Beilby Nilgiri Mountain Railway

Lawley, 3rd Baron Wenlock. Horse races are held at Ooty Racecourse.[77][78][79][80][81][82][83]

Karan Johar's Kuch Kuch Hota Hai was filmed in Ooty. The diverse landscape of Ooty offers an
opportunity to explore a number of adventure sports and recreational activities, including hang
gliding. Located around 20 km from Ooty, Kalhatty in the mountain ranges of Nilgiris is a site
for hang gliding. Kalhatty has a launch area that can be reached by jeep. Ooty Golf Course is
located in Ooty town.[84][85] The golf course is at an altitude of 7600 feet.[86] It is owned by the
Gymkhana club in Ooty. The course extends over 193.56 acres[87] and comprises 18 holes.[86]
The England cricket captain Colin Cowdrey was born in Ooty.[88]

Fernhills Palace
Economy and infrastructure
Ooty is a market town for the surrounding area which is still largely dependent
on agriculture, including the cultivation of "English vegetables" and "English Religious census
fruits" grown locally. This primarily consists of potato, carrot, cabbage and Religion Percent(%)
Hindu 64.36%
cauliflower and the fruits being peaches, plums, pears and strawberries.[89]
Christian 21.25%
There is a daily wholesale auction of these products at the Ooty Municipal Muslim 13.37%
Market. Dairy farming has long been present in the area and there is a Other 1.03%
cooperative dairy manufacturing cheese and skimmed milk powder. As a result
of the local agricultural industry, certain research institutes are based in Ooty.
These include a soil conservation centre, livestock farm and a potato research farm. Efforts are
being made to diversify the range of local crops with Floriculture and Sericulture being
introduced in the local area, as well as the cultivation of mushrooms.[89]

Hindustan Photo Films manufactures photo films in Ooty.[90] Human Biologicals Institute, which
manufactures human rabies vaccine is present in Ooty near Pudumand. Other manufacturing
industries are located in the outskirts of Ooty. The most significant of these are in Ketti
(manufacture of needles); Aruvankadu (manufacture of cordite) and Coonoor (manufacture of Ootacamund Club (c.1905)
rabies vaccine). Cottage industries in the area including chocolate, pickle manufacture, and
carpentry. Home-made chocolates are popular among the tourists and the locals. The local area is
known for tea cultivation and is economically grown in Ooty, Coonoor, Kotagiri and across
Nilgiris district. The elevation is about 1,800 m (6,000 ft) above the sea level. Soil conditions,
elevation, and climatic conditions give flavour to the tea grown here.

Transport

Road View from the Doddabetta Peak

Ooty is well connected to the road network. It is 306 km from Bengaluru (via Mysore and
Bandipur), 558 km (347 mi) from Chennai[91] (via Salem, Erode, and Coimbatore), 86 km
(53 mi) from Coimbatore and 158 km (98 mi) from Mysore, 246 km from Kannur, 180 km from Calicut and nearly 100 km from Wayanad.[92]
Ooty is situated on NH 181 and is connected by road via the five main accepted Nilgiri Ghat Roads. Bus services operated by TNSTC, KSRTC
(Karnataka) and KSRTC (Kerala) connect major towns in the state, nearby towns in the district such as Coonoor about 18 km, Kotagiri about
31 km, and Gudalur about 50 km and nearby cities to Mysore, Kannur, Wayanad, Malappuram & Calicut.
Rail
Udhagamandalam railway station is connected with Mettupalayam by NMR metre gauge
service.[93] It comes under Salem division of Southern Railways. In 1882, a Swiss engineer
named Arthur Riggenbach came to the Nilgiri Hills on an invitation from Government of India
and he submitted an estimate for a line costing GB£132,000. The Nilgiri Railway Company was
formed in 1885 and planning work commenced in 1886. The work on the line commenced in
August 1891 and the Mettupalayam-Coonoor section of the track was opened for traffic on 15
June 1899. In January 1903, the Indian Government purchased the line, and took over the
Dinosaurs Set in Thunder World
construction of the extension from Coonoor to Ooty.
Amusement Park, Ooty

The Nilgiri Mountain Railway was operated by the Madras Railway until 31 December 1907 on
the behalf of the Government. In January 1908, the railway line was handed over to South Indian
Railway. The line from Coonoor to Ooty was completed in 1908. On 15 October, Arthur Lawley,
Governor of Madras opened the new railway to traffic.[94] The Nilgiri Mountain Railway (NMR)
is one of the oldest mountain railways in India and was declared by the UNESCO as a World
Heritage Site in July 2005. It is the only rack railway in India, and uses the Abt system. [95][96]

Air
The nearest airport is Coimbatore, around 96 km (60 mi) away, Calicut International Airport is Tea Estate in Ooty
140km away and Bengaluru Kempegowda International Airport is 273 km away. Ooty has three
helipads, one at Theettukal and two at Kodanad. The Theettukal helipad was approved by
Airports Authority of India for defence and VIP services. Pawan Hans was supposed to start its
service with Bell 407, but being surrounded by farmland, disruption of the farm animals there
has put the operations on hold for commercial activities.[97][98][99][100]

Education
Boarding schools have been a feature of Ooty since the days of the British Raj. They offer a
significant contribution to the local economy. The facilities and standards of education are
considered amongst the highest in India,[101] and so these schools are popular amongst the elite Blackened Nilgiri tea leaves
of India and some of the neighbouring countries.

See also
Ooty Radio Telescope
Ooty varkey
Ooty Municipal Market

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Further reading
Weeks, Stephen (1979). Decaying splendours: two palaces: reflections in an Indian mirror (https://books.google.com/books?id=
gTo2AAAAIAAJ&q=Decaying+Splendours;+two+palaces:+reflections+in+an+Indian+mirror&dq=Decaying+Splendours;+two+pal
aces:+reflections+in+an+Indian+mirror&ct=result). University of California: British Broadcasting Corporation. ISBN 978-0-563-
17516-2. Retrieved 19 August 2011.

External links
Official history and tourism page (http://www.nilgiris.tn.gov.in/tour_ooty.html)
Ooty travel guide from Wikivoyage
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ooty&oldid=903519286"

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