IS 1893( Part 1 ): 2002
2 Reinforced concrete monolithic slab-beam floors or those
consisting of prefabricated/precast elements with topping
reinforced screed can be taken a rigid diaphragms.
7.8 Dynamic Analysis
7.8.1 Dynamic analysis shall be pefiormed to obtain the
design seismic force, andits distributionto different
levels along the height of the building andtothevarious
lateral load resisting elements, for the following
buildings:
a) Regular buildings — Those greater than
40 m in height in Zones IV and ~ and those
greater than 90 m in height in Zones II and
111. Modelling as per 7.8.4.5 can be used.
b) irregular buildings ( as defined in 7.1 ) —
Allfiamedbuildingshigherthan12minZones
IVand~andthosegreaterthan40minheight in
Zones 11and III.
The analyticalmo&l fordynamicanalysisof buildings
with unusual configuration should be such that it
adequately models the types of irregularities present in
the building configuration. Buildings with plan
irregularities,as defimedin Table4 ( as per 7.1 ), cannot
be modelled for dynamic analysis by the method given
in 7.8.4.5.
NOTE — For irregular buildings, lesser than 40 m in height
in Zones 11and III, dynamic anrdysis, even though not
mandatory, is recommended.
7.8.2 Dynamic analysis may be performed either
by the Time History Method or by the Response
Spectrum Method. However, in either method, the design base
shear ( VB) shall be compared with abase
is
shmr ( J?B) calculated using a fundamental period T,, where T,
as per 7.6. Where t’~is less than ~~, all the response
quantities (for example member forces, displacements,
storey forces, storey shears and base reactions) shall be
multiplied by ~~ / V~.
7.8.2.1 The value of damping for buildings maybe
takenas 2 and 5 percentof the critical, forthe purposes of
dynamic analysis of steel and reinforced concrete
buildings, respectively.
7.8.3 Time History Method
Time history method of analysis, when used, shall be
based on an appropriate ground motion and shall be
performed using accepted principles of dynamics.
‘7.8.4 Response Spectrum Method
Response spectrum method of analysis shall be
performed using the design spectrum specified in 6.4.2,
or by a site-specific design spectrum mentioned in
6.4.6.
7.8.4.1 Free Ebration Analysis
Undamped free vibration analysis of the entire
building shall be petiormed as per established methods of
mechanics using the appropriatemasses and elastic stiffness
of the structural system, to obtain natural periods (T) and
mode shapes {$} of those of its modes of vibration that
need to be considered as per 7.8.4.2.
7.8.4.2 Modes to be considered
Strong motion accelerogram traces possess erratic
variations in time and their prominent characteristics
should be identified in order to compare them with each
other. Hudson' suggested that a similarity based on peak
amplitude, duration of strong shaking, approximate
frequency characteristics and general envelope shape
can be useful to infer the likely properties of these
records. It is also recognized that long acceleration
pulses which yield large ground velocities lead to
significant structural response.
7.8.4.3 Analysis of building subjected to design forces
Peak acceleration, peak velocity or velocity to
acceleration ratio and duration of strong shaking are
ground motion parameters which can be expressed by
single scalar quantities and they usually correlate closely
with the damage potential of ground motions. These
parameters are employed as variables in the presented
investigation and discussed herein.
7.8.4.4 Modal combination
The peak response quantities ( for example, member
forces, displacements, storey forces, storey shears and
base reactions ) shall be combined as per Complete
Quadratic Combination ( CQC ) method.
Peak acceleration A This is the simplest parameter to
identify and compare earthquake ground motions.
Spectral response parameters are linearly related and
can be scaled with respect to the peak acceleration.'
However, peak acceleration does not necessarily
correlate with the maximum internal forces developed
during an earthquake, especially when it acts for a very
short duration. Effective peak acceleration is proposed'
to compensate this deficiency, which can be described
as that acceleration peak which produces similar
average spectral responses on 5% damped SDOF
systems in the period range 0145 s. Such a definition is
obviously difficult to quantify. Peak velocity V, or
velocity to acceleration ratio V/A In earthquake
engineering literature, V/A ratio is generally used to
emphasize the effect of local soil conditions on ground
motion properties.839 Different meanings are attributed
to the VIA ratio in this study for impulsive and
harmonic types of ground motions. If the peak ground
velocity is reached immediately following the dominant
acceleration pulse in the accelerogram, then the VIA
ratio indicates the average
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