FACILITY AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

(SWM 110)

FACILITY CONSTRUCTION

GROUP 3

Members:

Lorenzo, Russel Rhey – leader

Lee, Dean Marvin

Pollante, Rica-Ella

San Juan, Sheena

Viola, Charlemagne

3 SWM A

September 6, 2017
I. INTRODUCTION

This chapter takes the manager into the next phase of facility development – the final
design and construction specifications. This is considered as the most exciting and
most important phase in sport facility. This stage allows managers to incorporate their
own vision and ingenuity into the project, and as such presents a stimulating
challenge. Up to this point, a need has been identified in the marketplace, key success
factors outlined, and feasibility analyses and market research conducted. We
commence with an overview of the design and construction process. This will include
rather extensive discussion of the most vital elements of this process, such as
continued community consultation and site selection. We will introduce major design
features, culminating in a discussion of sport-specific regulations and specifications.
Also, there are two key elements to the successful construction of a sports facility,
namely controlling costs and keeping the project on schedule. Sports managers not
only understand the aspects of facility design and build, but also the cost to maintain
the facility once it is built. This chapter will begin to develop a foundation of knowledge
by focusing on the facilitation of design and construction.

II. OBJECTIVES

 To thoroughly discuss the importance of proper planning and management of facility

constructing.
 Explain the 5 key stages to consider when planning, designing and constructing a
sports facility.
 To let the students know why is it important to allocate the facility
 Discuss what are the things to be considered for the betterment of the facility itself
 Discuss what are the things that could positively and/ or negatively affect the facility
III. DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Feasibility- the state or degree of being easily or conveniently done

 Allocation- the action or process of allocating or distributing something

 Pro Forma- statement that summarizes the projected future status of a company and

used as foundation for financial planning for an organization of project

 Fixed Cost- expense that does not change as a function of the business activity

 Variable Cost- expense that changes based on volume of business activity

 Soft Cost- not directly related to the physical construction of the project (Indirect Cost)

 Hard Cost- (Direct Cost) related to the project

 Schematic Drawing- exhibits the size of the facility and defines maximum capacity of

land to build

 Realtor- expert in real estate who can assist in identifying land options, demographics

and traffic volumes of an area

 Topographical Report- survey of the land that identifies existing buildings, site

surface evaluations, and availability of electrical, sewer, water and gas services

 Geotechnical Report- soil conditions that dictate what materials are necessary to

support the foundation of the building as well as the drainage of surface and runoff

water that can affect the drying time of certain materials

 Silt Fencing- temporary fencing used to keep debris from passing to any areas

beyond the construction zone

 Pervious Material- material that allows water to soak naturally into the ground

 Impervious Material- cement pavement, prevents precipitation from naturally soaking

into the ground, causing water to run rapidly into storm drains
IV. BODY

I. Design and Construction process

a. 5 Key stages to consider
1. Development of a project vision
2. Planning and feasibility
3. Permitting and designing
4. Construction
5. Operation

II. Estimating Costs and Budgeting

- Preparing a budget for a proposed project begins with the basics of weighing
the potential expenses against the projected revenue to determine the feasibility
of a profitable sporting facility. Calculations that are needed such as:
• Pro Forma
-Statements summarize the projected future status of a company and are the
foundation for financial planning for an organization or project
• Fixed costs
-are expenses that do not change as a function of the business activity and include
such items as the rent, operations, advertising, and insurance.
• Variable costs
-are volume-related and include labor, cost of goods sold, and raw materials, which
are typically managed payouts based on use of the facility and the number of
part-time staff and/or subcontractors required at any one time
a. Estimated Construction Costs
• Soft Costs
- can include legal fees, permits, real estate commissions and fees
• Hard Costs
- including land cost, labor, materials, equipment, basic building services and
mechanical and electrical services

There are a few important reports that should be reviewed prior to acquiring the
land:
• Topographical report

- shows the lot corners, any existing buildings, site surface elevations, finished
floor elevations, manholes, storm and sanitary pipes and any other important
objects affecting the site

• Geotechnical report

- indicate soil conditions that dictate what materials are necessary to support
the foundation for the proposed building

III. Site Selection

-A good site location will contribute to the attraction of future patrons to the sport
facility. Therefore, it is the key of future to success. The planning phase for the
facility involves defining the components the facility will offer. Once the facility
requirements have been established, a space planner can produce.
• Schematic drawings
- defines maximum capacity and parking requirements. If the facility is not
properly planned with defined capacities, it will be impossible to determine
the amount of land required to build
• Realtors
- they can also provide the area demographics and traffic volumes around the
site location

IV. Design Process

- Once a site that can support the build requirements by accommodating the
size of the facility is found, a design firm can be approached to begin the next
phase of the project
V. Construction Process
- Choose three to four potential contractors to provide a project estimate
based on the uncompleted drawings provided by the designer
- A contractor should be selected prior to the finalization of the design to
provide recommendations that identify cost reduction, enhance
constructability, streamline the construction processes, and improve quality
VI. Major Design Features
1. Capacity and Capacity Allocations
- The expected capacity of a venue is a much larger design issue than merely
determining size. Maximum capacity projections have a big impact on other
design features such as : doors and ramps, seats, columns and bracing for
the stands
2. Outdoor playing surfaces and turf
- Can be selected from a range of artificial options or grass. There is, by large,
no one product solution that is applicable to any one venue. Different sports
have different surfacing needs, while the vast array of products available
confuses the decision even further. The unique climatic conditions in different
countries may also influence the decision-making process.
3. Indoor playing surfaces
- Choice of floors for indoor surfaces will be heavily influenced by the
requirements of the sport go be played on the surface. The final choice of
flooring is likely to be compromised for all codes concerned. All sports will
require the surface to be level and consistent, so as not interfere with play.
VII. Sports-specific regulations and specifications

- The design specifications need to take into consideration the regulations

pertaining to a range of sports. In other words, the facility needs to be designed
from a multi-functional perspective, especially if this means that not much more
design and construction money needs to be spent on accommodating a range of
smaller sports. Activity spaces should be planned to accommodate the
recognized dimensions and specifications for the sport that will be there.
Regulations for community club participation may differ from national and
competition standards. Liaising with the relevant provincial, state, and national
sporting associations, in addition to government sports councils or commissions,
will yield significant benefits in the planning stages. Not only will these sources
have the capacity to provide advice on the regulation, but they also be able to
offer wider expertise regarding the facility design and construction process.

a. Roofing
- Sport and recreation facilities do not necessarily require complete roofing
coverage. Whether a roof is required depends largely on two factors: first, the
types of activities and events the facility will host; and second, the prevailing
climate around the site.
 - If inclement weather is a feature of the location, a fixed or retractable roof
requires consideration. Roofing choices will be influenced more by practical
and financial needs than by impressive design mechanics. The roof and
ceiling cavity may also need to contain service infrastructure, such as
temperature control vents and electrical conduits and also accommodate the
safe passage of service personnel.
b. Special Building Requirements
- The function of some sporting and recreation facilities may necessitate the
consideration of special building requirements. Indoor swimming facilities, for
instance, must contend with such factors as rusting, vapour, and moisture,
and need a vapour barrier not only within the walls but also in roof. Metals
chosen for ducts should have an appropriate coating system applied to
ensure that expensive and awkward repairs are not required in the future.
Similarly, the metals used for beams, joints, trusses, stairs, and seats should
be chosen for their resistance to rust and corrosion.
-
VIII. Operational Considerations
- A number of operational issues need to be specifically considered from the
perspective of design and building specifications. Provisions such as
amenities and offices, traffic flow to and from the facility, holistic approaches
to designing for maximum safety, storage, and energy efficiency need to be
considered first before we take a more specific look at service
considerations.
a. Amenities
- Provision of amenities should be made for male, female, and special-needs
customers. Reference to local building standards will outline the minimum
number of facilities required based on expected capacity, as well as
specifications with regard to layout. Unisex access will be required to a
nappy-changing facilities and nappy disposal. Mechanical air-extraction units
are necessary for toilets, changing rooms, kitchens, and showers. A pivotal
consideration for the design of amenities is provision for customers who may
have special needs, such as elderly or disabled.
b. Administrative offices

- Once the facility is officially opened, it is administrative and

operational staff that will be its lifeblood. It is at this stage that the ability of the
infrastructure to support the administrative functions comes into question. In
the worst-case scenario, operational and customer satisfaction difficulties can
ensue if the needs of the staff are not accommodated.

c. Traffic flow and access

 - Compliance with the relevant government standards for access to public
spaces should be sought. These standards will outline minimum
requirements for physical accessibility to all areas of the building, including
consideration for customers with disabilities. Areas for consideration include
external access ( pathways, stairs, railings, ramp gradient ratios, door width
and door openings, hallways, height of reception windows), as well as
access to toilets and showers.
-
d. Safety and Design issues
- In each country, there is a specific legislation pertaining to safety in sports
and entertainment facilities as well as events, and subtle differences may be
noted internationally. A good overview of the nature of international safety
considerations is the FIFA Stadium Safety and Security Regulations.
Regulations are broken into eight areas:
a. Management Procedures
b. Stewards (safety personnel)
c. Maximum Capacity
d. Structural and Technical Measures
e. Crowd Management
f. Emergency Services
g. Other requirements in extenuating circumstances
h. Provisions for violations of these regulations
e. Energy Efficiency
Green Construction and LEED Certification
 Green Construction
- tends to carefully select sites to minimize the impact on the surrounding
environment, use renewable and/or energy conservation techniques and
natural resources, conserve water, incorporate proper storm water
management and limit disruption of natural watershed functions and use low-
volatile organic compound products and proper ventilation practices to improve
indoor environment quality
- Waste division is the prevention or reduction of generated waste through
recycling, reuse, or composing
 LEED certification
is a great way of making sure construction projects maintain environmentally
ethical building and waste disposal standards
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
IX. Service Consideration
-Having to taken care of broader operational issues, we can now take a more
specific look at design considerations that relate to optimizing service delivery to
customers. Issues such as seating, scoreboards, lighting, parking/transport,
media/broadcasting, child care, and temperature control all have direct impact
on customer satisfaction levels, and can largely be prepared for in the design
and building stages of the facility.
a. Seating
- Issues to be considered when selecting a seating option include cost, visual
impression, ergonomic features, durability, ease of maintenance, and
coordination with overall construction. Whether the seats are to be used for
a corporate box or for public access stadium seating will dramatically affect
these variables.
b. Scoreboards
- Both ends of the facility spectrum should consider the scoreboard as one of
the prime spaces for sponsorship exposure. This is one of the locations
where spectator gaze is guaranteed. In case of large stadia where games are
televised, the promotion of sponsors may require complicated arrangements
with broadcasters serving their own corporate interest. In the case of the
local club, the scoreboard provides an outstanding opportunity to garner
support from local business.
c. Lighting
- The lighting system for a facility includes three broad elements: the daylight
system, the artificial system, and the controls. Maximising natural lighting
facilitates energy efficiency. However, an artificial system and associated
controls must still be selected. Evaluating artificial lighting options for a
facility involves the consideration of disparate issues.
d. Parking and transport
-Increasing ease of transport access to a venue is an important factor in
encouraging repeat customer patronage.
e. Media/ Broadcasting
- Increasing ease of transport access to a venue is an important factor in
encouraging repeat customer patronage.
f. Childcare Facilities
- The provisions of, or access to, childcare facilities becomes an issue of
increasing importance with facilities of growing size.
g. Localising a facility
- Localising a facility design can be useful adjunct to the overall marketing
plan. This can be achieved by the use of unique design elements reflecting
the character of the city, district or country.
h. The temporary facility
- Temporary facilities are increasingly being considered as an option where
research suggests that usage levels will not support a facility beyond the
scope of a finite event. Major sport events are in some cases being manage
like a traveling circus, with organizers erecting temporary event structures
that reduce cost and improve location flexibility